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Earth Science: Space

Total questions: 59

Worksheet time: 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is true?

a)

The sun is not a star

b)

The sun is not on the main sequence.

c)

The sun is made of helium and hydrogen

d)

The sun has a solid surface

2.
Why does the sun appear to be the largest star in the sky?
a)
It is far away
b)
It is very big
c)
It is the closest star to earth
d)
It is a planet
3.

Main sequence stars are mainly made up of which gases?

a)

Carbon and Oxygen

b)

Helium and Hydrogen

c)

Helium and Oxygen

d)

Carbon and Hydrogen

4.

A star starts as a huge cloud of gas and dust called a nebula

a)

true

b)

false

5.

In the diagram given, what happens as we move to the left?

a)

Stars get brighter

b)

Stars get cooler

c)

Stars get hotter

d)

Stars get dimmer

6.

Which of these colors of stars are hottest?

a)

Red

b)

Yellow

c)

Orange

d)

Blue

7.

Which color of star has the lowest temperature?

a)

Yellow Star

b)

Red Star

c)

Orange Star

d)

Blue Star

8.

In which category is our Sun classified?

a)

White Dwarfs

b)

Supergiants

c)

Main Sequence

d)

Giants

9.

To which category do 90% of all stars belong?

a)

Main Sequence

b)

Supergiants

c)

Giants

10.

As a whole, red giants are considered hotter than white dwarfs.

a)

True

b)

False

11.

Look at the H-R diagram. Which star is

cool, dim, and red?

a)

Betelguse

b)

Sirius B

c)

Procyon B

d)

Barnard's star

12.
Which star has the lowest temperature?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
13.

Which of these is a small, dense, dim, hot star?

a)

Red Dwarf

b)

Red Giant

c)

White Dwarf

d)

Blue Giant

14.
Select the order from smallest to largest.
a)
Sun, Milky Way, solar system, universe
b)
Sun, Milky Way, universe, solar system
c)
Sun, solar system, Milky Way, universe
d)
Sun, solar system, universe, Milky Way
15.

What does the existence of the cosmic background radiation tell us?

a)

the big bang model is wrong

b)

the universe began in a hot, dense state that produced energy to expand.

c)

the universe did not have a beginning

d)

the universe began in a cold, low-density state.

16.

If an galaxy is moving toward us, its spectrum will experience

a)
no shift
b)
red shift
c)
black spectrum
d)
blue shift
17.

Hubble observed that galaxies are

a)
expanding
b)
moving away from us
c)
moving towards us
d)
standing still
18.
Which piece of evidence supports the Big Bang theory?
a)
The more distant galaxies are moving the slowest
b)
The more distant galaxies are moving the quickest
c)
The more distant galaxies are moving towards us
d)
Galaxies and space is not changing
19.
Why is the light from distant galaxies red-shifted?
a)
They produce more red light than nearby galaxies
b)
They are moving away from us
c)
The longer wavelengths are filtered out more by dust
d)
They are moving toward us
20.
About how long ago do scientists believe the universe began?
a)
13-14 billion years ago
b)
13-14 million years ago
c)
12-13 billion years ago
d)
12-13 million years ago
21.

Because of the Doppler Effect, the wavelengths of light from a galaxy moving away from us become

a)

longer

b)

shorter

22.

What best describes the doppler effect?

a)

An apparent change in frequency of a wave due to the relative motion between a wave source and an observer

b)

When sound changes pitch

c)

When light changes color

d)

An apparent change in the amplitude of a wave due to the relative motion between a wave source and an observer.

23.

A wave with a large wavelength will have a ______ frequency and _____ energy

a)

high, low

b)

high, high

c)

low, high

d)

low, low

24.

What color has the longest wavelength, or the lowest frequency?

a)

violet

b)

red

c)

green

d)

orange

25.

What color has the shortest wavelength, or the highest frequency?

a)

yellow

b)

blue

c)

red

d)

green

26.

Which of the stars is furthest along in its life cycle?

a)

Betelgeuse

b)

Alpha Centauri B

c)

Sirius B

d)

Vega

27.

Which of these stars are fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores?

a)

Betelgeuse

b)

Alpha Centauri B and Sirius B

c)

Vega and Belelgeuse

d)

Our Sun, Alpha Centauri B, and Vega

28.
Which star has the highest luminosity?
a)
Betelgeuse
b)
Vega
c)
our Sun
d)
Sirius B
29.
What causes the star with the highest luminosity to be the brightest?
a)
Surface temperature
b)
Size
c)
Color
30.
Which star has the lowest luminosity?
a)
Betelgeuse
b)
Alpha Centauri B
c)
Sirius B
d)
Vega
31.
The star with the lowest luminosity is dimmest because of what?
a)
Surface Temperature
b)
Size
c)
Color
32.
Which star has the highest surface temperature?
a)
Betelgeuse
b)
our Sun
c)
Vega
d)
Sirius B
33.

Main sequence stars will become red giants when they run out of ______ in their cores?

a)

Helium

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Carbon

34.

Which type of star is furthest along in its life span?

a)

main sequence

b)

white dwarf

c)

red giant

35.
What phase of the star life cycle will Vega enter next?
a)
Black dwarf
b)
Red giant
c)
White dwarf
d)
Supernova
36.
What will be the next phase for Betelgeuse?
a)
White Dwarf
b)
Main sequence
c)
Supernova
d)
Black hole
37.

What will happen to Sirius B?

a)

It will become a red giant.

b)

It will explode.

c)

It will become a black dwarf.

d)

It will become a main sequence star.

38.
A small very, very dense star formed after the collapse of a massive star?
a)
White dwarf
b)
Black dwarf
c)
Neutron star
d)
Black hole
39.
When does a protostar become a star?
a)
The core of the protostar stops gaining mass
b)
All of the gas and dust in nebula collect
c)
Hydrogen begins fusing into helium
d)
The core of the protostar collapses
40.
How does the sun produce energy?
a)
Nuclear Fission
b)
Burning gas
c)
Nuclear Fusion
d)
Absorbing heat from space
41.

A planet in an elliptical orbit travels fastest when it is

a)

nearest its star

b)

farthest from its star

c)

everywhere along its orbit.

42.

Acceleration is greater for a planet when it is at the

a)

aphelion

b)

perihelion

43.

Pluto is farther away from the Sun than the Earth. Which one has a longer orbital period?

a)

Earth

b)

Pluto

44.

One of the two foci of a planet's ellipse is a

a)

Star

b)

Planet

c)

Moon

45.

What is the eccentricity of a perfect circle?

a)

zero

b)

one

c)

between one and zero

46.

What is the eccentricity of an ellipse that is not a circle?

a)

zero

b)

one

c)

between one and zero

47.

What is the eccentricity of a straight line?

a)

zero

b)

one

c)

between one and zero

48.

The more eccentric an ellipse

a)

the closer the number is to one

b)

the closer the number is to zero

49.

The more circular an ellipse

a)

the closer the number is to one

b)

the closer the number is to zero

50.

The universe stops expanding and begins to contract.

a)

open universe

b)

closed universe

c)

flat universe

51.

The universe stops expanding but doesn't contract.

a)

open universe

b)

closed universe

c)

flat universe

52.

The universe never stops expanding.

a)

open universe

b)

closed universe

c)

flat universe

53.
How does distance affect gravity?
a)
Gravity decreases as distance increases.
b)
Distance decreases as gravity decreases
c)
Distance increases as gravity increases
d)
None of the above
54.
True or false: When mass increases, gravity increases?
a)
False
b)
True
55.

What is Kepler's 1st law?

a)

The planets orbit in an ellipse

b)

The plants move faster when they are closer to the sun and slower when they are further from the sun

c)

The farther a planet is from the sun the slower the orbit

(P2 = a3)

56.

What is Kepler's 2nd law?

a)

The planets orbit in an ellipse

b)

The plants move faster when they are closer to the sun and slower when they are further from the sun

c)

The farther a planet is from the sun the slower the orbit

(P2 = a3)

57.

What is Kepler's 3rd law?

a)

The planets orbit in an ellipse

b)

The plants move faster when they are closer to the sun and slower when they are further from the sun

c)

The farther a planet is from the sun the slower the orbit

(P2 = a3)

58.

The point in the earth's orbit where it is closest to the sun and moves the fastest.

a)

aphelion

b)

perihelion

59.

The point in the earth's orbit where it is farthest to the sun and moves the slowest.

a)

aphelion

b)

perihelion