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AP Biodiversity/Ecology

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
In a population of spiders there are three different sizes: small, medium, and large.
---The large spiders are easily seen by predators.
---Small spiders have a difficult time finding food.
What will most likely happen to this population of spiders after many generations?
a)
Small and large spiders will mutate
b)
Medium spiders will be the most plentiful
c)
Large spiders will learn to hide from predators
d)
Small and medium spiders will be the least plentiful
2.
The habitat of a moth species included trees with both light and dark colored bark.Therefore the moth species included both light and dark colored variants.Then the light-colored trees were wiped out by a disease, and within a few years nearly all the moths in this forest were dark colored. Which of the following choices BEST explains what happened?
a)
The light moths that survived all had dark offspring in order to adapt to the change.
b)
The dark moths were less visible to predators, so mostly light moths were eaten.
c)
The few light moths that survived did not mate, and therefore they had no offspring.
d)
The light moths changed their wing pigments to darker colors to avoid being eaten.
3.
How is secondary succession different from primary succession?
a)
Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance in an area that was previously uninhabited.
b)
Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance in an area in which the soil has remained intact.
4.
What does this picture represent?
a)
species diversity
b)
ecosystem diversity 
c)
genetic diversity
d)
biodiversity
5.
Globally, the leading cause of biodiversity loss is 
a)
invasive species
b)
poaching and overharvesting
c)
pollution
d)
habitat change and loss 
6.
 Characteristic or trait that helps an organism survive in its environment
a)
skills
b)
speciation
c)
natural instinct
d)
adaptation
7.
Charles Darwin noticed that birds of the Galapagos Islands were very similar in size and shape but their beaks were very different. What is the explanation for birds having different beaks? 
a)
gathering food
b)
building nest
c)
fighting
d)
scaring predators
8.
Northern foxes can have different fur colors.The foxes hunt squirrels for food. Foxes that have fur the same color as their environment are better at getting closer to squirrels and catching them.The diagram shows a population of foxes that live in one area. At time 1, the population had the same number of brown and white foxes. At time 2, after many generations, there were many more brown foxes and fewer white foxes in the population.
How did the environment change between time 1 and time 2? How did the population change?
a)
You cannot tell how the environment changed. With each generation, more foxes passed on the gene for brown fur to their offspring.
b)
The environment became brown. Brown foxes are more likely to survive, so the white foxes changed to have brown fur.
c)
The environment became brown. Brown foxes are more likely to survive, so both kinds of foxes passed on the gene for brown fur to their offspring.
d)
The environment became brown. With each generation, more brown foxes survived long enough to pass on the gene for brown fur to their offspring.
9.
Which of the following describes the importance of biodiversity to an ecosystem?
a)
a. People like to be able to see all the different plants and animals
b)
b. If there aren�t all the different species, there will be resources that aren�t being used
c)
c. Biodiversity is not as important as many people think
d)
d. Biodiversity can help minimize the effects of losing a species.
10.
What is the main suspected environmental problem associated with the burning of fossil fuels?
a)
a. Depletion of fresh water
b)
b. Depletion of ozone
c)
c. Global cooling
d)
d. Global warming
11.
Which human activity would be most destructive to the biodiversity of the biosphere?
a)
a. The burning of wood and coal in rural areas
b)
b. The release of species of freshwater trout in lakes
c)
c. The removal of plants from the food webs they support
d)
d. The removal of erosion barriers from forest boundaries
12.
What affect will continued rise in global temperature most likely have on worldwide biodiversity?
a)
a. It will have no effect as there is plenty of time for organisms to adapt
b)
b. It will increase due to warmer temperatures
c)
c. It will increase due to greater plant production from more CO2
d)
d. It will decrease due to massive habitat destruction
13.
In what way are humans most impacting the biodiversity of ecosystems around the world?
a)
a. We are putting too many organisms in zoos or keeping them as pets
b)
b. We are increasing biodiversity by breeding new species
c)
c. We are destroying the habitats of a large number of species
d)
d. Recreational hunting
14.
Why are invasive species such a problem in their new ecosystem?
a)
a. The new ecosystem isn�t adapted to their presence
b)
b. The new ecosystem is probably weaker than the native one
c)
c. They have mutations making them more adapted to the new ecosystem
d)
d. They cause mutations in the native species
15.
Which biome is characterized by low temperatures and low amounts of rainfall?
a)
tundra
b)
desert
c)
temperate deciduous forest
d)
tropical rain forest
16.
Which biome covers most of the land mass near the Earth's equator?
a)
tundra
b)
desert
c)
grassland
d)
tropical rainforest
17.
Which biome is found on the mountain above the tree line?
a)
grassland
b)
deciduous forest
c)
tundra
d)
tropical forest
18.
Which biome, because of its climate, has the largest number of species of plants and animals?
a)
tundra
b)
desert
c)
tropical rainforest
d)
pine forest
19.
One characteristic feature of tundra is that only the surface thaws in the summer and refreezes in the winter, leaving a layer of permanently frozen subsoil.  This characteristic is known as
a)
glaciation
b)
permafrost
c)
crystallization
d)
soilfrost
20.
Which major biome is home to cacti, mesquite, white thorn, pack rats, small reptiles, and coyotes?
a)
desert
b)
taiga
c)
tundra
d)
grassland
21.
Which biome receives between 0 to 25 centimeters of rain per year, has a temperature range of 0 to 50 degrees Celsius, has poor soil, and is home to lizards, scorpions, and snakes?
a)
desert
b)
mountain
c)
taiga
d)
tundra
22.
Which biome receives between 0 and 25 centimeters of precipitation each year, has a temperature range from -27 to 5 degrees Celsius, has frozen soil, and is home to hares, caribou, and wolves?
a)
desert
b)
mountain
c)
savannah
d)
tundra
23.
Which of the following habitats probably has the greatest number of plant and animal species?
a)
the African savannah
b)
a rainforest in Brazil
c)
a temperate forest in China
d)
a temperate grassland in Kansas
24.
Which biome contains large populations of grazing herbivores, few species of birds, and deep, rich soil?
a)
taiga
b)
tundra
c)
deciduous forest
d)
grassland
25.
This biome contains mostly spruce trees and Douglas firs, which are both evergreen.  The winters are long and cold and the summers are short and rainy.  The soil is very rich.  Moose and elk live here.  This biome is classified as a
a)
taiga
b)
tundra
c)
deciduous forest
d)
temperate forest
26.
The biome known for trees with broad leaves that fall off the trees in the winter.
a)
Coniferous Forests
b)
Deciduous Forests
c)
Deserts
d)
Tropical Rain Forests
27.
The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are...
a)
Food and Water
b)
Water and Sunlight
c)
Temperature and Oxygen
d)
Water and Temperature 
28.
The greatest biodiversity on earth is found in the __________ biome.
a)
taiga
b)
grassland
c)
temperate deciduous forest
d)
tropical rainforest
29.
Which biome is MOST LIKE the "desert" in terms of precipitation?
a)
tropical rainforest
b)
temperate deciduous forest
c)
tundra
d)
coniferous forest
30.
Primary succession would occur on a 
a)
meadow destroyed by flood
b)
meadow destroyed by overgrazing 
c)
newly created volcanic island
d)
section of a forest destroyed by an avalanche 
31.

Although they only occupy 0.2% of the ocean floor, coral reefs provide many benefits. Which of the following is not one of these?

a)

They provide significant free oxygen.

b)

They serve as natural barriers.

c)

They protect coastlines from erosion.

d)

They provide habitats for one-quarter of all marine organisms.

e)

They provide one-tenth of the global fish catch.

32.

Which of the following are the two greatest long-term threats to coral reefs?

a)

ocean acidification and overfishing

b)

damage by divers and predation

c)

climate change and acidification

d)

erosion and sea-level rise

e)

climate change and predation

33.

If you find a new species of algae floating on the surface of a coastal zone, you would likely consider it a type of ____.

a)

benthos

b)

zooplankton

c)

nekton

d)

phytoplankton

e)

ultraplankton

34.

A jellyfish would be considered a type of ____.

a)

benthos

b)

zooplankton

c)

nekton

d)

phytoplankton

e)

ultraplankton

35.

Oysters, sea stars, and lobsters would be considered what type of organism?

a)

phytoplankton

b)

zooplankton

c)

nekton

d)

benthos

e)

decomposers

36.

Strongly swimming consumers are most likely to be ____.

a)

phytoplankton

b)

zooplankton

c)

nekton

d)

benthos

e)

decomposers

37.

The single ocean on the earth is divided into four parts by the continents. Which of the following is not one of those parts?

a)

Atlantic

b)

Arctic

c)

Baltic

d)

Indian

e)

Pacific

38.

What prevents coral reefs from surviving below the euphotic zone?

a)

high water density

b)

high pressure

c)

saline water

d)

inadequate sunlight

e)

damage from storms

39.

Which of the following is not part of the saltwater or marine aquatic life zones?

a)

oceans

b)

estuaries

c)

inland wetlands

d)

coastal wetlands

e)

mangrove forests

40.

Which of the following is classified as a freshwater aquatic life zone?

a)

oceans

b)

mangrove forests

c)

rivers

d)

coral reefs

e)

coastal wetlands

41.

Net Primary Productivity is highest in ____.

a)

open oceans as nutrients are plentiful

b)

open oceans as disturbance is minimized

c)

shallow systems as nutrients are plentiful

d)

shallow systems as temperatures are cooler

e)

open oceans as sunlight is plentiful

42.

Which of the following is a major cause of increasing ocean acidification?

a)

eutrophication

b)

construction of dams and levees

c)

rising sea level

d)

rising levels of CO2

e)

decreasing dissolved oxygen

43.

What is the coastal marine ecosystem consisting of at least 60 species of plants that grow underwater in shallow marine and estuarine areas along most continental coastlines?

a)

salt marshes

b)

sea grass beds

c)

intertidal zones

d)

mangrove forests

e)

coral reefs

44.

What is an area where a river meets the sea, and includes some of the earth’s most productive wetlands?

a)

euphotic zone

b)

estuary

c)

inlets

d)

bays

e)

coastal marshes

45.

Which of the following is a highly productive wetland that provides habitat for some 69 species of trees that can live in salty water?

a)

seagrass beds

b)

barrier beaches

c)

barrier islands

d)

coastal rain forests

e)

mangrove forests

46.

The deepest part of the ocean is the ____.

a)

abyssal zone

b)

euphotic zone

c)

estuary zone

d)

bathyal zone

e)

benthic zone

47.

The dimly lit zone in which zooplankton and smaller fishes predominate is the ____.

a)

abyssal zone

b)

euphotic zone

c)

estuary zone

d)

bathyal zone

e)

benthic zone

48.
Which is not a factor that affects climate?
a)
altitude
b)
latitude
c)
lakes and oceans
d)
living organisms
49.
In what year was the average global temperature lowest between 1880 and 2000?
a)
1880
b)
1900
c)
1940
d)
2000
50.
By what amount did carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere increase between 1960 and 2000?
a)
40 -50 ppm
b)
60 -70 ppm
c)
110 -120 ppm
d)
360 -370 ppm

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