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Benchmark Review DC

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
How do viruses reproduce?
a)
They copy their own genetic material inside a protein coat.
b)
They kill a cell and reproduce inside it.
c)
They invade a living cell and use the cell's functions to replicate their genetic material.
d)
They do not reproduce because they are not technically living things.
2.
What is one way that a lysogenic infection differs from a lytic infection?
a)
A lysogenic virus does not act on bacteria as a lytic virus does.
b)
A lysogenic virus can remain in the host DNA for a longer period without becoming active.
c)
A lysogenic virus contains RNA instead of DNA.
d)
A lysogenic virus directs the production of new viruses right away.
3.

When a person is suddenly cut by a sharp object, a nervous impulse is sent along a sensory neuron to the spinal cord. The impulse is immediately transmitted through motor neurons to produce a response. Which of the following correctly identifies and describes this response?

a)

It is a conditioned response that occurs only to prevent injury.

b)

It is a learned response that does not occur in infants and small children.

c)

It is a reflex response that causes various muscles to contract in order to move away from the object.

d)

It is a voluntary response that is initiated only after the impulse has been carried to the relevant area in the brain.

4.

The energy pyramid shows the energy made available by producers. (View Image)


Base on the energy flow between trophic levels in an energy pyramid, how much energy would be expected to be found at the secondary consumer level in this pyramid?

a)

100 joules

b)

500 joules

c)

1,000 joules

d)

50 joules

5.

Viruses can be transmitted through air, water, food, insect bites, and direct skin contact. Once a virus gains entry to the body, it invades a host cell in order to --

a)

deactivate the host cell's defences

b)

synthesize antibodies for defence

c)

metabolize host proteins and grow

d)

access cellular processes for replication

6.
• An organism that can make it's own food (autotroph)
• Ex) green plants, phytoplankton, algae
a)
Producer
b)
Consumer
c)
Decomposer
d)
Heterotroph
7.
• An organism that eats other organisms for food (heterotroph)
• Ex) Cows, insects, humans
a)
Autotroph
b)
Producer
c)
Consumer
d)
Plants
8.
• Changes that occur on preexisting soil after it has been has been disrupted or destroyed
• Ex) Forest fires, floods, the Dust Bowl
a)
Primary Succession
b)
Secondary Succession
c)
Autotroph
d)
Heterotroph
9.
• Changes that occur in an area where no ecosystem had existed. No Soil exists.
• Ex) Retreating Glaciers, new lava, barrier beaches
a)
Autotroph
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Secondary Succession
d)
Primary Succession
10.

What type of treatment is used against bacteria?

a)

vaccine

b)

antibiotic

c)

vitamins

d)

cells

11.

What type of ecological succession begins with no soil, no life, only bare rock.

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succesion

12.

Which system sends hormones as feedback signals in the body?

a)

endocrine

b)

excretory

c)

immune

d)

nervous

13.
Three-spined sticklebacks that harbor a tapeworm are less likely to perform courtship behavior correctly and are less successful reproducing. Which one of the following terms classifies the tapeworm's relationship to sticklebacks?
a)
Competition
b)
Mutualism
c)
Commensalism
d)
Parasitism
14.
Below is a food web diagram. Based on the diagram, it is reasonable to conclude that energy could follow which of the following paths as it cycles through this ecosystem?
a)
Sun ---> plant seeds ---> deer
b)
Plant seeds ---> field mouse ---> robin
c)
Eagle ---> deer ---> plant seeds
d)
Grass ---> deer ---> mountain lion
15.
Animals respond to threats in their environment by attacking or escaping. Either response is the result, mostly, of interactions between_____ 
a)
the circulatory system and the reproductive system.
b)
the digestive system and the integumentary system
c)
the endocrine system and the muscular system.
d)
respiratory rates and defense against pathogens.
16.
Hollow, tube-like cells in plants, called xylem and phloem, work together with the leaves and roots to perform what function?
a)
support
b)
germination
c)
transport
d)
fertilization
17.
What are the two major organ systems that work to defend the body from injury?
a)
Immune and Endocrine
b)
Integumentary and Nervous
c)
Excretory and Immune
d)
Integumentary and Immune
18.
Bacteria and fungi feed on a dead log.  As they feed, the organisms break down the matter in the log and return vital nutrients to the ecosystem.  What is the role of the bacteria and fungi in the environment?
a)
producers
b)
habitat
c)
decomposers
d)
parasites
19.
Which level of organization is a community of living and non-living things that interact with each other?
a)
Population
b)
Ecosystem
c)
Community
d)
Biosphere
20.
A species of grass benefits from being grazed by cows. This is an example of 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
d)
predation
21.
A photograph of a virus is shown.  The projections on the surface of the virus allow the virus to -
a)
move inside a host cell
b)
attach to a host cell
c)
control the host cell's DNA
d)
signal other viruses to infect the host cell
22.
How nitrogen is "fixed" into useable form for plants...
a)
through action of bacteria only
b)
through lightning only
c)
through action of bacteria & lightning
d)
through photosynthesis
23.
Bacteria fix nitrogen on plant roots. Plant roots provide sugar to bacteria. This is an example of
a)
mutualism
b)
parasitism
c)
commensalism
d)
competition
24.
Copper is a micronutrient that can be found in soil. Copper is important for reproductive growth in plants and plays an indirect role in chlorophyll production. Which statement correctly describes the interaction that occurs between the root and the shoot systems of plants to allow reproduction to occur?
a)
Copper is produced in the roots when copper-containing compounds are hydrolized
b)
Copper that is absorbed by the roots is transported to reproductive tissues by the shoot system
c)
The shoot system stores copper for later use by the roots and the reproductive structures
d)
The shoot system transports copper to the roots after it is taken in through stomata in the leaves
25.
The diagram represents a flower, the reproductive structure of some plants. Most flowers have both male and female structures for fertilization and reproduction. Which structure is represented by the letter A in the diagram?
a)
 the stamen, a male structure which produces pollen
b)
the pistil, a female structure which collects pollen and passes it to the ovary
c)
 the sepal, a modified leaf used for protection of the flower
d)
 the petals, decorative structures which attract pollinators
26.
What is the order of succession shown in this figure?
a)
A, B, C, D
b)
B, A, D, C
c)
C, D, A, B
d)
D, A, B, C
27.
What are examples of pioneer species in a primary succession?
a)
Bushes and Shrubs
b)
Oak trees
c)
Mossess and Lichens 
d)
A rose Bush
28.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
ecological succession
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
29.
How do lichens contribute to primary succession?
a)
Lichens decompose organic matter from animals and plants
b)
Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil
c)
Lichens are nitrogen fixing bacteria
30.
A relationship that describe a close interaction between two different species is known as what?
a)
Biodiversity
b)
Symbiosis
c)
Predation
d)
Emigration
31.
This is known as a relationship in which one organism benefits, while the other is unaffected.
a)
Parasitism
b)
Mutualism
c)
Immigration
d)
Commensalism
32.
A clownfish uses a sea anenome as a safe place to live. While living there, the clownfish lures in food for the anenome. This is an example of what type of relationship?
a)
Predator-Prey
b)
Commensalism
c)
Mutualism
d)
Parasitism
33.
A researcher is studying a particular disease-causing agent. The agent has a protein coat, but it lacks a nucleus, contains no other organelles, and can reproduce only when it is inside an animal cell. The researcher should classify the agent as which of the following?
a)
A bacterium
b)
A fungus
c)
A virus
d)
A protist
34.
Which of the following is one important difference between a virus and a bacterial cell?
a)
a virus is much larger in size than a bacterial cell
b)
a virus always causes more severe disease than a bacterial cell
c)
a virus can never reproduce on its own, but a bacterial cell can
d)
a virus does not contain genetic material, but a bacterial cell does
35.

What viral process is this?

a)

phagocytosis

b)

lytic cycle

c)

lysogenic cycle

d)

formation of antibodies

36.

What viral life cycle is shown here?

a)

Lysogenic Cycle

b)

Lytic Cycle

c)

Binary Fission

d)

Conjugation

37.
In the United States, the 1952 polio epidemic became the worst outbreak in the nation’s history. It spreads through contact with the stool of an infected person and droplets from a sneeze or cough. Vaccinations can help prevent polio infections. Is polio a virus or a bacteria?
a)
Bacteria
b)
Virus
38.
Which statement best describes the differences in species diversity between an ecosystem beginning the process of primary succession and one beginning the process of secondary succession?
a)
Species diversity is much greater in the ecosystem undergoing primary succession because that ecosystem is experiencing a longer period with a lack of competition for space.  
b)
No differences in species diversity exist because both ecosystems initially lack living organisms. 
c)
Species diversity is much greater in the ecosystem undergoing primary succession because the lack of soil provides a greater area for organisms to claim niches. 
d)
Species diversity is greater in the ecosystem undergoing secondary succession because the soil already contains seeds and spores of various species. 
39.

A marine ecosystem is represented above. What is lost to the environment at each of the trophic levels of this ecosystem?

a)

nutrients from the soil

b)

living space for the organisms

c)

food sources

d)

heat

40.
Which of the following would be most likely to occur if a disease killed off all of the grasshoppers in an area?
a)
An increase in mice.
b)
A decrease in the number of snakes.
c)
An increase in fox.
d)
A decrease in grass.
41.
Bacteria found in the soil and in the root nodules of plants are able to convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates and ammonia that are usable for plants.  What is this process called?
a)
nitrogen fixation
b)
denitrification
c)
cellular respiration
d)
photosynthesis
42.

Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they –

a)

reproduce at different times.

b)

eat less.

c)

move away.

d)

occupy different niches.

43.

The graph shows changes in the populations of two species that interact only with each other over a period of time. Which statement best describes these two species?

a)

Species A is a producer and species B is its consumer.

b)

Species A is a host and species B is its parasite.

c)

Species A is a predator and species B is its prey.

d)

Species A is a scavenger and species B is its decomposer.

44.

A tapeworm is a worm with no digestive tract. They live in the intestines of other animals and absorb food that has already been digested by their host. What type of nutritional relationship do tapeworms exhibit?

a)

Commensalistic

b)

Mutualistic

c)

Parasitic

d)

Predation

45.

Upon digging up a clover plant, the student observed an average of 8 nodules on the roots of each clover plant (Nodules contain bacteria which have the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates and release them into the soil. Plants utilize nitrates to manufacture proteins.) Which of the following best describes the ecological relationship that exists between the bacteria and the clover plant?

a)

mutualism

b)

parasitism

c)

commensalism

d)

predation

46.

The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of –

a)

mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food, and the insect pollinates the flower.

b)

parasitism because the insect lives off the nectar from the flower.

c)

commensalism because the insect doesn’t harm the flower and the flower doesn’t benefit from the relationship.

d)

predation because the insect feeds on the flower.

47.

The organisms in the food web to the right live near large cattle ranches. Over many years, mountain lions occasionally killed a few cattle. One year, a few ranchers hunted and killed many mountain lions to prevent future loss of their cattle. Later, ranchers noticed that animals from this food web were eating large amounts of grain from their fields. Identify two specific populations that most likely increased in number after the mountain lion population decreased.

a)

Rabbit and deer

b)

Rabbit and snake

c)

Mouse and deer

d)

Mouse and hawk

48.

An axolote is a reptile similar to an iguana. It is found only in the canals of a small area in Mexico and numbers are diminishing at an alarming rate. Unfortunately, the axolote is in danger of extinction. Which of the following factors could be affecting the long-term survival of the axolote species?

a)

Cod and tilapia, invasive species, are eating the limited food source of the axolote.

b)

The canals where the axolote live are being polluted.

c)

Carp and other fish eat the plants the axolote lays its eggs on and eat the eggs at the same time.

d)

All of the above.

49.

The diagram shows several phases of the nitrogen cycle. Which of the following describes the most likely effect of removing some plants from the area by using chemical herbicides?

a)

The rate of erosion of rocks on the ground would be slowed.

b)

The flow of necessary nutrients like nitrogen would be disrupted.

c)

The ability of plants to complete photosynthesis would be increased.

d)

The infiltration of water into the ground would be halted.

50.

How does the burning of fossil fuels affect the cycle shown?

a)

It releases ozone into the atmosphere.

b)

It removes carbon from the atmosphere.

c)

It both releases and removes carbon from the atmosphere.

d)

It releases carbon into the atmosphere.

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