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Unit 3 APES

Total questions: 58

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What process is most responsible for the extinction of most species of plants and animals that have lived on Earth?
a)
gene mutation
b)
environmental changes
c)
selective breeding
d)
decrease in reproduction
2.
Only populations can evolve.
Individuals can not evolve.
a)
True
b)
False
3.
Who is considered the Father of Evolution?
a)
Mendel
b)
Malthus
c)
Darwin
d)
Watson
4.

Which of the following is NOT a part of the process of natural selection?

a)

Once grown, organisms generally do not have to struggle to survive

b)

organisms produce more young than can survive

c)

individuals vary in their genetic characteristics

d)

some individuals are better suited to their environments than others

5.

What happens as a result of adaptation

a)

species have a lower reproductive success and lower survival

b)

species have higher reproductive success and lower survival

c)

species have higher reproductive success and higher survival

d)

species have lower reproductive success and higher survival

6.

Which of the following statements about extinction is true

a)

Extinctions have only started now that humans are changing the planet

b)

The vast majority of species That have ever existed are now extinct

c)

Extinction of one species never benefits any other organisms in the community

d)

Extinction rates stay at a constant background rate and never change

7.

Mutualism is a form of species interaction where

a)

Both species are harmed

b)

One species benefits, but the other is harmed

c)

Both species benefit

d)

One species excludes another from particular area

8.

Primary succession would take place on all of the following except

a)

The slopes of a newly formed volcanic island

b)

A forest in northwest Oregon after it had been logged

c)

A receding glacier

d)

a drying lake

9.

What does this figure illustrate?

a)

a predator-prey cycle

b)

competitive exclusion

c)

resource partitioning

d)

succession

10.
relationship in which two species live closely together
a)
resource
b)
mutualism
c)
succession
d)
symbiosis
11.
symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed 
a)
secondary succession 
b)
predation
c)
pioneer species 
d)
parasitism
12.
the species that starts life in primary succession
a)
pioneer species 
b)
succession 
c)
nitrogen fixation
d)
cellular respiration 
13.
a relationship between two in which the predator feeds on the prey
a)
chemosynthesis
b)
predation
c)
cellular respiration 
d)
commensalism
14.
symbiotic relationship in which one organisms benefits and the other organism is not affected
a)
invasive (non-native) species
b)
mutualism 
c)
nitrogen fixation
d)
commensalism
15.
In a population of spiders there are three different sizes: small, medium, and large.
---The large spiders are easily seen by predators.
---Small spiders have a difficult time finding food.
What will most likely happen to this population of spiders after many generations?
a)
Small and large spiders will mutate
b)
Medium spiders will be the most plentiful
c)
Large spiders will learn to hide from predators
d)
Small and medium spiders will be the least plentiful
16.
The habitat of a moth species included trees with both light and dark colored bark.Therefore the moth species included both light and dark colored variants.Then the light-colored trees were wiped out by a disease, and within a few years nearly all the moths in this forest were dark colored. Which of the following choices BEST explains what happened?
a)
The light moths that survived all had dark offspring in order to adapt to the change.
b)
The dark moths were less visible to predators, so mostly light moths were eaten.
c)
The few light moths that survived did not mate, and therefore they had no offspring.
d)
The light moths changed their wing pigments to darker colors to avoid being eaten.
17.
How is secondary succession different from primary succession?
a)
Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance in an area that was previously uninhabited.
b)
Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance in an area in which the soil has remained intact.
18.
What does this picture represent?
a)
species diversity
b)
ecosystem diversity 
c)
genetic diversity
d)
biodiversity
19.
Globally, the leading cause of biodiversity loss is 
a)
invasive species
b)
poaching and overharvesting
c)
pollution
d)
habitat change and loss 
20.
 Characteristic or trait that helps an organism survive in its environment
a)
skills
b)
speciation
c)
natural instinct
d)
adaptation
21.
Charles Darwin noticed that birds of the Galapagos Islands were very similar in size and shape but their beaks were very different. What is the explanation for birds having different beaks? 
a)
gathering food
b)
building nest
c)
fighting
d)
scaring predators
22.
Which of the following describes the importance of biodiversity to an ecosystem?
a)
a. People like to be able to see all the different plants and animals
b)
b. If there aren�t all the different species, there will be resources that aren�t being used
c)
c. Biodiversity is not as important as many people think
d)
d. Biodiversity can help minimize the effects of losing a species.
23.
What is the main suspected environmental problem associated with the burning of fossil fuels?
a)
a. Depletion of fresh water
b)
b. Depletion of ozone
c)
c. Global cooling
d)
d. Global warming
24.
In what way are humans most impacting the biodiversity of ecosystems around the world?
a)
a. We are putting too many organisms in zoos or keeping them as pets
b)
b. We are increasing biodiversity by breeding new species
c)
c. We are destroying the habitats of a large number of species
d)
d. Recreational hunting
25.
Why are invasive species such a problem in their new ecosystem?
a)
a. The new ecosystem isn�t adapted to their presence
b)
b. The new ecosystem is probably weaker than the native one
c)
c. They have mutations making them more adapted to the new ecosystem
d)
d. They cause mutations in the native species
26.
Biodiversity typicially does NOT suffer due to which of the following? 
a)
Habitat alteration
b)
Pollution
c)
Excess reproduction
d)
Overexploitation
27.
Mutations effect what part of a reproductive cell? 
a)
Cell wall
b)
DNA
c)
RNA
d)
ribosomes
28.
Mutations are: 
a)
a pattern
b)
random and unpredictable
c)
totally normal
d)
nothing strange
29.
Which statement best describes stabilizing natural selection? 
a)
it pays to be different
b)
it doesn't pay to be normal
c)
it pays to be average
d)
it pays to not reproduce
30.
What term best describes when the populations of 2 different species interact over time and changes in one gene pool lead to changes in another? 
a)
mutualism
b)
speciation
c)
divergent evolution
d)
coevolution
31.
Which of the following is a biological diversity?
a)
Functional diversity
b)
Species diversity
c)
Genetic diversity
d)
all of the above
32.
what is NOT a characteristic of generalists?
a)
live anywhere
b)
low tolerance enviro change
c)
eat many things
33.
who shapes habitats to benefit other species?
a)
keystone species
b)
indicator species
c)
foundations species
34.
Evolution causes changes in genetic makeup of organisms.
a)
True
b)
False
35.
Evolution by natural selection occurs when the environment contains limited resources
a)
False
b)
True
36.
Two species evolve after long term interaction with each other 
a)
Co-evolution
b)
Co-parenting
c)
Co-ecosystem
d)
Co-change
37.
The selective breeding of organisms for specific characteristics is
a)
natural selection
b)
evolution
c)
artificial selection
38.
Resistance is an organisms ability to NOT tolerate a particular chemical.
a)
true
b)
false
39.
Primary succession is the gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community.
a)
True
b)
False
40.
Secondary succession occurs on lifeless habitat.
a)
True
b)
False
41.
One organism benefits and the other is indifferent.
a)
commensalism
b)
parasitism
c)
ammesalism
d)
neutralism
42.
If the ice cap at the North Pole continues to shrink, which of the following is NOT a likely outcome?
a)
Polar bears could decline or become extinct
b)
Seal populations would likely increase
c)
Arctic fox populations would be negatively affected
d)
Penguin populations would increase
43.

Larger islands have __ extinction rates.

a)

greater

b)

lower

44.

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following would most likely experience the greatest decline of specialist species if an invasive species emigrated from the mainland?

a)

A small island a far distance from the mainland

b)

A small island in close proximity to the mainland

c)

A large island a far distance from the mainland

d)

A large island in close proximity to the mainland

45.

Which community has higher species evenness?

a)

Community A

b)

Community B

46.

Species richness is

a)

a measure of how all of the individual organisms in an ecosystem are balanced between the different species.

b)

the total number of different species found in an ecosystem

47.

Highest species richness will be found on ____ and ___ islands and less species richness will be found on ___ and ___ islands.

a)

small and near; large and far

b)

large and far; small and near

c)

large and near; small and far

d)

small and far; large and near

48.

The theory of island biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors?


I. island distance from mainland

II. how the island is formed

III. island size

a)

II only

b)

III only

c)

I and III

d)

II and III

49.

A series of predictable changes that occurs in a ecological community over time.

a)

succession

b)

adaptation

c)

evolution

d)

progression

50.

Species that are able to in survive hostile environments. Usually autotrophs, these species are the first to colonize areas. Their niche is to create new ecological niches for other species.

a)

pioneer

b)

self-perpetuating

c)

intermediate

d)

community

51.

Tracks organisms that tend to live long lives (low death rate and high survivorship rate); toward the end of their life expectancies, however, there is a dramatic increase in the death rate.

a)

Type I

b)

Type II

c)

Type III

d)

Type IV

52.

These organisms typically live in unstable, unpredictable environments & are able to reproduce rapidly (exponentially). They do not take care of their young & are subject to predation.

a)

k-strategist

b)

r-strategist

c)

m-strategist

d)

s-strategist

53.

These organisms occupy stable environments, are larger in size and have longer life expectancies. They produce, during their life spans, fewer offspring, but place a greater investment in each.

a)

k-strategist

b)

r-strategist

c)

m-strategist

d)

s-strategist

54.

What are survivorship curves?

a)

curves that describe the number of survivors over time

b)

curves that tell us what the limiting factors are

c)

curve that tells us about the carrying capacity

d)

a curve

55.

What is the arrow pointing at?

a)

carrying capacity

b)

biotic potential

c)

density-independent

d)

density dependent

56.

What is the carrying capacity mean?

a)

The number of individuals an area can carry

b)

the number of births

c)

The number of deaths an area has

d)

not sure

57.

Zone where a stable healthy population survives

a)

zone of intolerance

b)

optimal range

c)

zone of physiological stress

d)

limiting factors

58.

Zone where organisms cannot survive

a)

zone of intolorance

b)

range of tolerance

c)

optimal range

d)

zone of physiological stress

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