What does the majority of skeletal muscle attach to?

Skeletal muscle tissue differs from smooth & cardiac muscle in that it is under _ control

What is meant by voluntary control?

In which of the following locations would one find smooth muscle tissue?

An entire muscle is made up of bundles of _ (next level of organization)

A fascicle is made up of many _ (next level of organization)

A muscle fiber is made up of many _ (next level of organization)

What's the difference between a muscle cell and a muscle fiber?

The _ is CT that covers an entire muscle

Which CT type lines a fascicle?

_ connect an entire muscle to bone

The _ is the cell membrane of a muscle cell

The _ is an organelle in a muscle cell that stores ions

Which ion is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Why are mitochondria important to skeletal muscle physiology?

_ are protein fibers within muscle cells that allow for contraction

_ are the thicker protein filaments

Which proteins block binding sites on myofibrils?

Each myofibril is made up of bands called _

The _ of a sarcomere are located on the outer boundary

The NMJ is where a muscle fiber meets a _

At the NMJ the neuron and muscle fiber are physically touching each other

What is the motor end plate?

In contractions muscles are _

Contractions involve the _ of bones to cause movement

Individual muscle fibers contract to cause movement

What organ kickstarts the process of muscle contractions?

Action potentials are _ signals

Action potentials originally travel in _

Which type of neuron allows skeletal muscles to be stimulated?

From the brain --> a specific muscle fiber there is one motor neuron that "carries" the action potential

The action potential causes _ to be released from a neuron

After it is released ACh _

Why are the channels on muscle fibers described as "ligand gated"?

What is the ligand that must must bind to ligand gated channels on muscle fibers to open them?

After ACh binds to ligand gated channels on the muscle fiber what happens?

After ligand gated channels on the muscle fiber are open what is able to enter the cell?

The influx of Na into the muscle fiber causes a(n) _ in the sarcolemma

After the action potential has been generated in the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber it travels _

The action potential in the muscle fiber stimulates the _

What does the SR release?

When Ca is released it travels to the _ in the sarcoplasm

Where does Ca bind to on a myofibril?

The binding of Ca to troponin causes _

Why is a conformational change in tropomyosin important?

Myosin binding sites are located on _

ATP binds to _

The binding of ATP to myosin heads allow them to _

After myosin heads bind they are able to _ on actin

What is the power stroke?

When a myofibril is contracting this involves _

During the contracting process _

When the Z-lines are move towards the M-line in each sarcomere of each myofibril within a skeletal muscle fiber what is occurring?

When a skeletal muscle enters a relaxed state what happens to the ACh that was released?

When a skeletal muscle enters a relaxed state what happens to the Ca that was released?

The _ —is the end of the muscle attached to a fixed (stabilized) bone

Skeletal muscles _ on bones to cause movement

Muscles always _ to cause movement

In an _ contraction the —muscle stays the same length

—The _ is the major muscle causing movement

Why are synergist muscles important?

Which of the following statements regarding antagonist muscles is false?

A motor unit is a group of _

Motor units receive action potentials from _

When all the muscle fibers in a motor unit shorten in unison (i.e. at the same time) this is called a _

The first period of a muscle twitch is the _

The latent period ends when the action potential has _

Force is produced in the latent period of a muscle twitch

Which molecule is most fundamental to the period of contraction (muscle twitch)?

Force is produced in the period of contraction of a muscle twitch

Which of the following statements regarding the relaxation period of a muscle twitch is false?

One can use the same muscles at varying levels of force/intensity

Stronger action potentials can be sent to motor units to increase force

Successive (i.e. more) action potentials can be sent to motor units to increase force

In _ successive action potentials are sent to motor units to increase force

In summation _

Tetanus occurs when _

In _ —multiple motor units within a muscle work in tandem to increase force of contraction

According to the size principle of recruitment _ motor units are used last

The _ —raises the eyebrows/forehead

The _ —opens and closes the jaw for chewing and speech

The _ —allows for rotation of the head, lateral flexion of the spine

The _ —allows for movement of the shoulders, spine, and head

The —_ assists in shoulder movement

The _ —expands and compresses the thoracic cavity in breathing

The _ causes —flexion of the arm at the elbow joint

The _ cause —flexion of the spine

The _ —stabilizes the upper body, extends the leg at the hip joint

The _ causes —extension at the hip joint, flexion at the knee joint

The _ —allows for flexion at knee joint, plantarflexion of the foot