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Genetics Pre-Test (Honors)

Total questions: 58

Worksheet time: 3hrs 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A homozygous dominant dog with brown fur is crossed with a heterozygous dog with brown fur. What are the percentages of the possible genotypes?
a)
100% BB
b)
75% BB and 25%Bb
c)
50 % BB and 50% Bb
d)
50% Bb and 50% bb
2.
The man who studied genetics and came up with genetics is
a)
Watson
b)
Crick
c)
Mendel
d)
Darwin
3.
What law states that in Tt the person will only show the dominant allele
a)
law of segregation
b)
law of independent assortment
c)
law of dominance
d)
law of punnett squares
4.
Genotype refers to the ...
a)
physical expression of the genes
b)
the possible combination of alleles in a gene
c)
whether an allele is dominant or recessive
d)
how an organism will appear
5.
B=brown eyes
b= blue eyes
What is true about two brothers that have brown eyes?
One has genotype BB the other Bb.
a)
they have same phenotype and genotype
b)
they have different genotypes and phenotypes
c)
they have same phenotype but different genotypes
d)
they have same genotype but different phenotypes
6.
A dog gives birth to 5 puppies. What percentage of the chromosomes does each puppy share with the mother?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
7.
What does heterozygous mean?
a)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (TT or tt)
b)
An organism that has different genes for a trait (Tt)
c)
When neither gene is fully dominant; offspring is a mixture of both
d)
the different forms of a trait (hair color--> brown, blonde, red
8.
This is an example of what?
a)
Complete dominance
b)
Incomplete dominance
c)
Codominance
d)
None of the above
9.
If T=Tall & t=short, what is the genotypic ratio?
a)
1:3
b)
3:1
c)
1:2:1
d)
2:2
10.
Incomplete dominance means that the traits are
a)
expressed equally
b)
dominant
c)
recessive
d)
blended
11.
Term for homozygous organisms that display two dominant phenotypes at the same time
a)
codominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
multiple alleles
d)
linked genes
12.
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
a)
Allows genetic variation
b)
Only needs one parent
c)
Happens very quickly
d)
Offspring are exact copies of parent
13.
When a starfish grows a new body off a broken arm, what kind of reproduction is this?
a)
Sexual
b)
Differentiation
c)
Asexual 
d)
Specialization
14.
Where does a cell contain it's genetic material?
a)
nucleus
b)
nucleolus
c)
cytoskeleton
d)
golgi
15.
Before cells can divide, what must be copied?
a)
mitochondria
b)
cytoplasm
c)
DNA
d)
Cell Wall
16.

The basic unit of structure and function in a living things.

a)

chloroplast

b)

nucleus

c)

cell

d)

cell membrane

17.
Which reproduction does diverse offspring come from?
a)
Asexual reproduction
b)
Sexual reproduction
c)
Both asexual and sexual reproduction
d)
Asexual offspring
18.
When comparing the offspring of sexually and asexually reproducing organisms, we would expect the genetic material (DNA) of the sexually reproducing organism to -
a)
contain fewer mutations
b)
be lesser in quantity
c)
be simpler overall
d)
show more variation
19.
The uncontrolled division of cells...
a)
meiosis
b)
cancer
c)
nondisjunction
d)
crossing over
20.
Which type(s) of reproduction involves offspring identical to the parent?
a)
asexual
b)
sexual
c)
both
21.
In a pedigree, what shape represents a male?
a)
circle
b)
square
c)
triangle
d)
diamond
22.
Aa, DD, bB, yy are all examples of
a)
genotypes
b)
phenotypes
23.
How many boys did the mother and father from the first generation have?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
5
d)
6
24.
Examine the pedigree. The allele for the presence of a widow’s peak is dominant. Therefore, we can tell from the chart that in the couple labeled 2:
a)
the male is heterozygous and the female is homozygous.
b)
the male is homozygous and the female is heterozygous.
c)
the male is homozygous and the female is homozygous.
d)
the male is heterozygous and the female is heterozygous.
25.
How many individuals are there in the 3rd generation?
a)
2
b)
3
c)
4
d)
6
26.
A red flowered plant (RR) breeds with a White flowered plant (WW). The gene for petal color in these plants expresses incomplete dominance.  What percentage of the offspring will have pink (RW) flowers?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
27.
Dominant alleles are represented by a:
a)
Male gene
b)
lowercase letter
c)
recessive trait
d)
capital letter
28.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
Aa
b)
red hair
c)
heterozygous
d)
DNA
29.
If B = brown hair and b = blonde hair, what is the probability of brown hair?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
0%
d)
75%
30.

It is recommended that people avoid excessive use of tanning beds. Exposure to the radiation emitted by tanning beds can cause skin cancer. This cancer is the direct result of a

a)

change in a fat molecule change in a starch molecule

b)

mutation in the genetic material

c)

mutation in a protein

d)

change in a fat molecule

31.

Mutations cause many disorders in humans. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disorder that can be passed on from generation to generation. Skin cancer is a disorder that sometimes originates in skin cells as a result of overexposure to the Sun. Which statement best explains the formation of the mutations that cause both cystic fibrosis and skin cancer?

a)

These mutations are a direct result of a change in the amino acid molecule that controls the formation of genetic codes in gametes.

b)

These mutations are caused by a change in the sugars that make up the genetic codes in all cells.

c)

Both of these mutations involve a change in the makeup of genes.

d)

Both of these mutations are a result of the incorrect synthesis of the proteins that make up DNA.

32.

Sometimes, a person is born with one or more extra chromosomes in each cell. This usually results in abnormalities because the affected person has

a)

a reduced number of genes in cell nuclei

b)

fewer cell mutations than a person with a normal chromosome number

c)

more genes in each cell than a person with a normal chromosome number

d)

less DNA in cell nuclei, but more proteins in cell mitochondria

33.

Can DNA mutations(changes) be passed on to offspring?

a)

yes

b)

no

34.

Is DNA corruptible/changeable?

a)

yes

b)

no

35.

A string of ________ make up an allele or gene.

a)

codons

b)

DNA

c)

mutations

36.

What is a codon?

a)

3 of the four DNA chemicals (A, C, T, G) in a row

b)

2 of the four DNA chemicals (A, C, T, G) in a row

c)

1 of the four DNA chemicals (A, C, T, G)

d)

All four DNA chemicals (A, C, T, G) in a row

37.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
38.
What molecule is shown in the double helix diagram shown?
a)
DAN
b)
RAN
c)
DNA
d)
RNA
39.
What causes mutations?
a)
Mistakes in replication or environmental substances
b)
The amino acids
c)
Passed down by genetics
d)
It's how your born
40.

Which event would most likely cause a change in a genetic sequence in an organism?

a)

eating certain foods high in saturated fats

b)

strenuous physical activity

c)

exposure to radiation

d)

a sudden exposure to cooler temperatures

41.

People have been warned about the dangers of excessive exposure to radiation during certain medical procedures. The most likely reason for this warning is that radiation exposure might

a)

result in gene mutations and uncontrolled cell growth

b)

cause the rejection of transplanted organs

c)

increase body temperature by two to five degrees

d)

prevent the transport of materials into cells

42.
What causes mutations?
a)
Chemicals
b)
Radiation
c)
Errors in copying DNA
d)
All three
43.
Mutations are__________
a)
Harmful
b)
Harmful or beneficial
c)
Neutral
d)
Harmful, neutral, or beneficial
44.
A rabbit that has short deformed legs and cannot jump or run fast would have a____
a)
Harmful mutation
b)
Beneficial mutation
c)
Neutral mutation
d)
normal life
45.

Select all phenotypes in the list below.

a)

dark eyes

b)

Dd

c)

red petals

d)

DD

e)

dominant

46.

Select all genotypes listed below.

a)

RR

b)

rr

c)

Recessive

d)

widow's peak

e)

right handed

47.

Select all combinations that will create a dominant trait?

a)

Aa

b)

aa

c)

AA

d)

Pp

e)

bb

48.

Select all combinations that will produce a recessive trait.

a)

qq

b)

Ee

c)

QQ

d)

Ff

e)

ee

49.

Select all homozygous genotypes shown below.

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

Ts

d)

aa

e)

TT

50.

Select all heterozygous genotypes listed below.

a)

Zz

b)

Jj

c)

JJ

d)

Dd

e)

BB

51.

Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. What phenotype will be seen with the genotype Pp?

a)

purple flowers

b)

heterozygous

c)

dominant

d)

white flowers

52.
What word describes the process of having the advantageous traits that helps an organism survive  and reproduce?
a)
natural selection
b)
adaptation
c)
mutation
d)
genetic engineering
53.
All mutations and adaptations usually lead to what process?
a)
selective breeding
b)
behavioral
c)
natural selection
d)
genetic engineering
54.
Which organisms are most likely to survive?
a)
the best adapted
b)
the fastest
c)
the strongest
d)
the most domesticated (tamed)
55.
Almost all adaptations started off as?
a)
selective breeding
b)
physiological
c)
structural
d)
mutation
56.
Any inherited trait that gives an organism an advantage in its environment is called ___.
a)
a mutation
b)
an adaptation
c)
evolution
d)
natural selection
57.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
genes.
b)
variations.
c)
traits.
d)
theories.
58.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.

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