Thing that is being tested in an experiment.

Thing that is being measured and observed. Usually anticipated to change.

Thing that is measured or observed in an experiment. Usually anticipated to change.

Thing that changes or causes change in an experiment.

Group of experimental subjects that are not given experimental change.

Group of experimental subjects that are given experimental change.

Group of experimental subjects that are given experimental change.

Group of experimental subjects that are not given experimental change.

Part of Earth where life exists.

Part of Earth where life does not exist.

Study of interactions among organisms in an environment.

Interactions among only living organisms in an environment.

Living factors in an environment.

Nonliving factors in an environment.

Nonliving factors in an environment.

Living factors in an environment.

When gases trap sunlight in Earth's atmosphere.

When sunlight traps gases in Earth's biosphere.

Organisms who provide food for themselves by capturing energy from sunlight and converting it into chemical energy.

Organisms who eat other organisms to provide food for themselves.

Organisms who eat other organisms to provide food for themselves.

Organisms who provide food for themselves by capturing sunlight and converting it to chemical energy as food.

Also known as a heterotroph; consumes other animals to fill needs of hunger.

Also known as an autotroph; provide food for themselves through a process named photosynthesis.

Also known as an autotroph; provide food for themselves through a process named photosynthesis.

Also known as a heterotroph; consumes other animals to fill need of hunger.

Capturing light energy, and then powering chemical reactions. How an autotroph consumes food and grows.

Capturing chemical energy and converting into light energy. How a heterotroph consumes food and grows.

Steps in an ecosystem where organisms eat other organisms and get eaten by other organisms to obtain energy.

Network of complex interactions formed by feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem.

Network of complex interactions formed by feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem.

Steps in an ecosystem where organisms eat other organisms and get eaten by other organisms to obtain energy.

Each step in a food chain or web.

Each step in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Model of relative amounts of energy of matter contained in each trophic level of a food chain/web.

Model of matter that shows how much each organism weighs after consuming another.

Total amount of living tissue in a given trophic level.

Total amount of nonliving tissue in a given trophic level.

Elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one part of the biosphere to another.

Forms of matter including elements and chemical compounds are transported only in the atmosphere.

Chemical processes by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds, especially by certain microorganisms as part of the nitrogen cycle.

Chemical processes by which organic compounds are assimilated into organic atmospheric nitrogen, especially by certain microorganisms as part of the nitrogen cycle.

If one side of the bread was placed in a wet puddle inside the refrigerator, it will mold and rot.

When one side of the bread is placed in a wet puddle in the refrigerator, it will mold and rot.

Because one side of the bread was placed in a wet puddle in the refrigerator, it molded and rotted.

After one side of the bread was placed in a wet puddle in the refrigerator, the bread molded and rotted.

Made up of basic units called dells, reproduce, are based on a universal genetic code, grow and develop, obtain and use materials and energy, respond to their environment, maintain a stable internal environment, and evolve.

Provide for other animals, walk and move, talk and communicate, use hands to participate in community, eat other organisms, write and read, and are eukaryotic cells.

Species, population, community, ecosystem, biome, planet

Population, species, ecosystem, biome, planet, community

Community, species, biome, ecosystem, planet, population

Population, species, ecosystem, population, planet, biome.

Water to drink, Soil to grow (plants only), and air to breathe.

Plants to eat, soil to breathe, air to consume, and water to swim in.

Animals to communicate with, air to breathe, soil to dig, and water to drink.

water to drink, air to fly in, plants to breathe near, and soil to farm in.

Weather consists of short-term changes and climate consists of long-term changes.

Weather consists of long-term changes and climate consists of short-term changes.

Weather only relates to the atmosphere but climate relates to the biosphere.

Weather only relates to the biosphere and climate only relates to the atmosphere.

Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis are similar because they both involve autotrophs obtaining energy, and obtaining food. In the "synthesis" part of both of them, they are both converted into chemical energy.

They are the same because they both happen in the ocean.

They are the same because they both occur in the atmosphere.

They are similar because they both occur in the biosphere.

Pyramid of Energy: Shows relative amount of energy available at each trophic level in a food chain or web./Pyramid of Biomass: Shows relative amount of living organic matter in each trophic level of an ecosystem./Pyramid of Numbers: Shows relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem.

Pyramid of Energy: Shows amount of energy that eating takes up/Pyramid of Biomass: Shows how much each organism weighs individually in a pyramid./ Pyramid of Numbers: Shows how many animals are in one pyramid.

Energy cycles through an ecosystem by decreasing each trophic level and the remaining energy exits as heat into an ecosystem. Matter flows through an ecosystem by being recycled through biogeochemical cycles that are powered by energy.

Energy flows through an ecosystem in the plants, not in animals, and matter flows through an ecosystem in animals, not plants. They are opposites.

Energy flows through an ecosystem by using a specific transport system in the atmosphere, while matter flows through an ecosystem by hopping across organisms in the biosphere.

Energy flows through an ecosystem by hopping through organisms in the biosphere, but matter travels strictly though a specific transport process in the atmosphere of the Earth.

Growth pattern in which individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate; rapid increase.

Very slow growth occurs after a population reaches its carrying capacity.

A population's growth slows, then stops following a period of exponential growth.

Very rapidly increasing period of time that occurs before an ecosystem reaches carrying capacity.

Largest number of individuals of a particular species that a particular environment can support.

Smallest number of organisms that an ecosystem can function with.

Factor that causes population growth to decrease.

Factor that causes population growth to increase.

Limiting factor that depends on population density to function.

Limiting factor that does not depend on population density to function.

Limiting factor that does not depend on population density to function.

Limiting factor that depends on population density to function.

Area where an organism lives including biotic and abiotic that affect it.

Area where an organism temporarily stays only including abiotic factors.

Full range of physical and biological conditions in which the organism uses those conditions.

Where an organism lives including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it.

Any necessity of life.

Any necessity of animals only.

Any necessity of plants only.

Any necessity of bacteria only.

That no 2 species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time.

No 3 species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time.

No 4 species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time.

No 5 species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time.

Single species that is not usually abundant to community but exerts strong control on structure of community.

First species to obtain a land for its species.

Relationship where 2 species live close together.

Relationship where 2 species live far from each other.

A relationship between organisms where one organism benefits and the other is not harmed or helped.

A relationship between organisms where one organism benefits and one is harmed.

A relationship between organisms where both organisms benefit.

A relationship between organisms where both organisms are harmed.

A relationship between organisms where both organisms benefit.

A relationship where both organisms are harmed.

A relationship where both organisms are not harmed nor helped.

A relationship between organisms where 1 is helped and one is harmed.

A relationship between organisms where 1 is helped and one is harmed.

A relationship between organisms where both benefit.

A relationship between organisms where both are harmed.

A relationship between organisms where both are not helped nor harmed.

Succession occurs in area where no trace of previous community is present.

Succession occurs in area where trace of previous community is present.

Succession occurs in area that is partially destroyed; Trace of previous community is present.

Succession occurs in fully destroyed area.

First species to populate an area during succession.

Last species to populate an area during succession.

Total variety of organisms in biosphere.

Total sameness of organisms in biosphere.

Ability to recover after a disturbance.

When a community cannot recover after a disturbance.

Steady increase of average temp. on Earth.

Steady decrease of average temp. on Earth.

Introduction to this species causes economic, environmental, and health harm.

Introduction to this species makes an ecosystem safer.

Harmful material can enter biosphere through land, air, or water.

Harmful material that can only enter the atmosphere.

Increasing concentration of harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain/web.

Increasing concentration of helpful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain/web.

Geographic range, growth rate, density, and distribution, and age structure.

Average weight &height, Energy throughout trophic levels, and death and birth rate.

The less competitive species that loses will decrease quicker.

The less competitive species will increase quicker.

The less competitive species will increase slower.

The less competitive species will decrease slower.

Density-dependent factors depend on the population density to function and density-independent factors do not.

Density-dependent factors do not depend on population density but density-independent factors do.

Because they compete until one of the species dies out.

Because they compete until both of the species dies out.

Because they don't get enough time to spend with one species.

Because they don't get enough land.

Because only part of the land is not fertilized or established; only one part of the land is destroyed.

Because the atmosphere adapts quicker.

Because more organisms help with secondary succession.

Because an area where secondary succession is occurring on is already fully established.

Because the more species that are present in an ecosystem, the more likely that some of those species have different tolerance ranges for environmental conditions.

Because different animals like different foods and will refuse to eat certain species of animals.

Because some organisms will not interact with other organisms as well as they would with their own species.

Because competition could increase depending on the species that live together in one ecosystem.

Energy, food, water, shelter, & production of wastes such as sewage, trash, and greenhouse gases.

Trees, bushes, fruits, and vegetables.

Pollution, water pollution, and air pollution.

Shelter only.

Climate change, use of land, and over-harvesting species.

Water, energy, and usage of other valuable resources.

Deforestation, pollution, decrease of species.

Burning of fossil fuels, animals decreasing in certain areas, and deforestation.

If climate change affects environmental condition beyond organisms tolerance ranges, they must adapt, move to a more suitable location, or face extinction.

Only loss of food and energy.

Only loss of shelter.

Only loss of certain populations.

Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom & another atom.

Strong attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom.

Harmful attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom.

Helpful attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom.

Attraction between molecules of same substance.

Attraction between molecules of different substance.

Force of attraction between different kinds of molecules.

Force of attraction between same kinds of molecules.

Substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Substance that is dissolved in only water.

Dissolving substance in solution; dissolves a solid.

Dissolves liquids with other liquids.

values from 0-14, used to measure concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

values from 0-13, used to measure concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

values from 0-12, used to measure concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

values from 0-11, used to measure concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

Compound that forms H+ ions in a solution. (less than 7)

Compound that forms H+ ions in a solution. (more than 7)

Compound that produces OH- ions. (more than 7)

Compound that produces OH- ions. (less than 7)

Small chemical unit that makes up a polymer.

Small chemical unit that breaks down polymers.

Large chemical unit that makes up a polymer.

Large chemical unit that breaks down polymers.

Molecules composed of many monomers; make up macromolecules.

Composed of macromolecules; make up monomers.

Composed of water; make up oxygen.

Composed of oxygen; make up water.

Compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for body.

Compound that is composed of water and oxygen and does not provide energy for the body.

Macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms (fats, oils, and waxes).

Stores fast term energy.

Stores genetic material.

Stores water and oxygen,

Subunit of which nucleic acids are composed.

Subunit of which nucleic acids are broken down.

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, & phosphorus (stores genetic info).

Composed of only hydrogen (breaks down proteins).

Composed of only oxygen.

Composed only of carbon.

Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen; needed for growth.

Macromolecule that only contains carbon and slows growth.

Macromolecule that only contains hydrogen and rapidly speeds up growth in brain cells.

Macromolecule that only contains oxygen and nitrogen and greatly slows down cell growth.

Compound with amino acid on 1 end and carboxyl group on other end.

Compound with water on 1 end and hydrogen on other end.

Compound with water on both ends.

Compound with hydrogen on both ends.

Elements or compounds that enter a chemical reaction.

Elements or compounds that enter a light reaction.

Elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.

Elements or compounds produced by a light reaction.

Energy that is needed to get a reaction started.

Energy that is used to end a reaction.

Energy that is needed when a reaction goes wrong.

Energy that is not related to any type of chemical reaction.

Substance that speeds up rate of chemical reaction.

Substance that slows down rate fo chemical reaction.

Protein catalyst that speeds up rate of specific biological reactions.

Protein catalyst that slows down rate of specific biological reactions.

Adhesion is the attraction between different molecules, and cohesion is the attraction between same molecules.

Adhesion is the attraction between same molecules, and cohesion is the attraction between different molecules.

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acid

Water, Hydrogen, Carbon, and Nitrogen

Phosphorus, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen

Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions. They affect living thing because some reaction would go too slow that they would not work if not for enzymes.

Enzymes slow down chemical reaction. If not for enzymes, chemical reaction would speed up too much, causing rare forms of cancer that some doctors may not be able to fix.

A human enzyme would function best at 39C because it is the closest to the normal temp. of the human body. This makes it easier for the enzyme because it would not have to adapt to a new temp.

20C because enzymes function the best in colder temperatures.

50C because enzymes function best in warmer temperatures. They would freeze in colder temperatures.

Basic unit of all forms of life.

Basic unit of all forms of plant life.

Basic unit of all forms of animal life.

Basic unit of all forms of bacteria life.

1. All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit and structure of life 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

1. All cells are circle 2. All cells are in living organisms 3. All cells can move freely in a safe environment

Thin, flexible barrier that controls what enters and exits cells.

Thick barrier that is non-permeable and does not allow any substances in the cell.

Fluid portion of cell outside nucleus

Solid part of cell inside membrane

Solid part of cell indie nucleus

Solid part of cell outside nucleus

Structure that performs cellular function within the cell

Structure that performs cellular function outside the cell

Consists of RNA and protein throughout cytoplasm of cell.

Consists of DNA and water in nucleus of cell.

Internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells.

External membrane system found outside eukaryotic cells.

Stores water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Stores water only

Stores salts only

Stores proteins and carbohydrates only

Breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that are used by rest of cell.

Builds up lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates to be used later in a process called cohesion.

Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for cell use.

Breaks down chemical energy so that it can be used as food and energy for the cell.

Makes up cell membrane and forms barrier between a cell and its surroundings.

Makes up a cytoplasm, and protects it from damage or harmful substances inside of it.

Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions organisms maintain.

The average temp. that an organism needs to stay alive.

When molecules pass across membrane through cell membrane channels.

When molecules pass through cell membranes not using channels, but using hidden pathways underneath the cell membrane to enter cell.

Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

Group of organs that separately work on functions, but live in the same area.

Specific protein that shape fits a specific molecular messenger, such as a hormone.

Specific protein that molds to fit a cell, especially blood cells.

He came up with the term cell.

He came up with the term mitochondrion

He came up with the term cytoplasm

He cam up with the term compound

Ribosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum make the protein, and then it is transported to the Golgi apparatus to be modified, packaged, and transported out of the cell.

The nucleus makes the proteins, and then they are transported to the lysosome to be modified and transported outside of the cell.

Growing, responding to environment, transforming energy, and reproducing.

Drinking, eating, finding shelter, and reproducing

Compound used by cells to store and release energy.

Compound used by cells to store protein and then use it for transport out of the cell.

Fluid portion of chloroplast.

Solid portion of chloroplast.

Type of photosynthesis that uses light energy to make ATP and NADPH

Photosynthesis that does not require light.

Photosynthesis that does not require light.

Type of photosynthesis that uses light energy to make ATP and NADPH

Electron carrier proteins that move high-energy electrons in ATP generating reactions.

Electron carrier proteins that move low-energy electrons in ADP generating protons.

Light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high energy compounds like sugar.

Uses light to convert energy from sunlight to chemical reactions for food.

Releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules.

Stores energy by building up glucose and other food molecules.

1st step in CR where molecule of glucose is broken into molecules of pyruvic acid

3rd step in CR where electrons are transported out of cell.

2nd step in CR where pyruvic acid is broken into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions.

1st step in CR where glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid.

CR w/o oxygen

CR w/ oxygen

By breaking and removing bond between their phosphates.

By building and attaching bonds between their oxygens

light energy, water, and carbon dioxide

oxygen and glucose

nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon dioxide

nitrogen, water, and carbon dioxide

oxygen and glucose

water and carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide and nitrogen

carbon dioxide and phosphorus

oxygen and glucose

carbon and nitrogen

phosphorus and nitrogen

water and light energy

ATP energy, carbon dioxide, and water

carbon, nitrogen

nitrogen and phosphorus

phosphorus and water

light and water

water and nitrogen

carbon dioxide and nitrogen

nitrogen and phosphorus

For energy

For nitrogen consumption

For carbon consumption

For phosphorus consumption

1

2

3

4

Lactic acid fermentation is when lactic acid is used to perform chemical reactions. Alcoholic fermentation is used to make alcoholic drinks.

Lactic acid fermentation is used in cells and alcoholic fermentation is not.

Carries genetic info in the form of genes.

Transports genetic info.

Transports energy.

Transport lipids and water.