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Life Science: Ch. 7 - Genes & DNA

Total questions: 76

Worksheet time: 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

As DNA splits, what is added to the bases on the original strands?

a)

complementary RNA

b)

complementary chromosomes

c)

complementary ribosomes

d)

complementary nucleotides

2.

Along with sugar and a phosphate, what is the third part of a nucleotide?

a)

a base

b)

a protein

c)

a chromosome

d)

a ribosome

3.

Who found out that adenine equals thymine in DNA?

a)

Rosalind Franklin

b)

James Watson

c)

Erwin Chargaff

d)

Francis Crick

4.

What does the job of unwinding, copying, and rewinding DNA inside a cell?

a)

proteins

b)

RNA

c)

chromosomes

d)

mutagens

5.

What does DNA look like?

a)

a ball

b)

a straight line

c)

links in a chain

d)

a twisted ladder

6.

What is a string of nucleotides called?

a)

a ribosome

b)

a gene

c)

transfer RNA

d)

a chromosome

7.

What does each gene have instructions for making?

a)

a cell

b)

a ribosome

c)

a protein

d)

RNA

8.

What structure reads the code on mRNA?

a)

a protein

b)

a genetic engineer

c)

a ribosome

d)

a chromosome

9.

the "factory" where new proteins are made

a)

mutation

b)

uracil

c)

ribosome

d)

chromosome

10.

a base found in RNA but not in DNA

a)

mutation

b)

uracil

c)

ribosome

d)

chromosome

11.

the DNA molecule and the proteins it winds around

a)

mutation

b)

uracil

c)

ribosome

d)

chromosome

12.

a change in the base sequence of a gene or DNA

a)

mutation

b)

uracil

c)

ribosome

d)

chromosome

13.

has the code for all the proteins in an organism

a)

messenger RNA

b)

transfer RNA

c)

DNA

14.

a copy of a piece of DNA containing a gene

a)

messenger RNA

b)

transfer RNA

c)

DNA

15.

transfers amino acids from cytoplasm to the ribosome

a)

messenger RNA

b)

transfer RNA

c)

DNA

16.

In DNA, thymine always pairs with _____.

a)

guanine

b)

uracil

c)

adenine

d)

thymine

17.

In DNA and RNA, cytosine always pairs with _____.

a)

guanine

b)

uracil

c)

adenine

d)

thymine

18.

In RNA, adenine always pairs with _____.

a)

guanine

b)

uracil

c)

adenine

d)

thymine

19.

In RNA, nucleotides do NOT include the base _____.

a)

guanine

b)

uracil

c)

adenine

d)

thymine

20.

a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule

a)

chromatin

b)

ribosome

c)

mutation

d)

uracil

e)

mutagen

21.

cell organelle made of RNA and protein; where protein is synthesized

a)

chromatin

b)

ribosome

c)

mutation

d)

uracil

e)

mutagen

22.

a base in RNA instead of thymine

a)

chromatin

b)

ribosome

c)

mutation

d)

uracil

e)

mutagen

23.

long strands of DNA and protein in eukaryotic cells

a)

chromatin

b)

ribosome

c)

mutation

d)

uracil

e)

mutagen

24.

any physical or chemical agent that can cause a mutation in DNA

a)

chromatin

b)

ribosome

c)

mutation

d)

uracil

e)

mutagen

25.

A molecule present in all living things that plays a role in protein production is called _____.

a)

uracil

b)

RNA

c)

chromatin

d)

thymine

26.

A string of nucleotides that has instructions for a certain trait is a _____.

a)

cell

b)

ribonucleic acid

c)

gene

d)

chromosome

27.

As messenger RNA is fed through the ribosome, it is matched with _____.

a)

DNA

b)

transfer RNA

c)

cells

d)

proteins

28.

Groups of three bases code for one _____.

a)

cell

b)

DNA

c)

protein

d)

amino acid

29.

How are inherited characteristics determined?

a)

by molecules

b)

by genes

c)

by offspring

d)

by geography

30.

What is the shorter way to say deoxyribonucleic acid?

a)

DNA

b)

RAN

c)

DEO

d)

DAR

31.

Where are genes found?

a)

on molecules

b)

in amino acids

c)

on chromosomes

d)

in water

32.

What decides what living things inherit and need to live?

a)

DNA

b)

RAN

c)

DEO

d)

DAR

33.

What give the instructions for building and maintaining cells?

a)

proteins

b)

carbohydrates

c)

genes

d)

traits

34.

What happens to genes when cells divide?

a)

Genes are copied.

b)

Genes change.

c)

Genes grow.

d)

Genes disappear.

35.

What allows genes to give instructions and be copied?

a)

DNA

b)

RAN

c)

DEO

d)

DAR

36.

What piece of DNA is made of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base?

a)

a nucleus

b)

a nucleotide

c)

a gene

d)

a molecule

37.

What are the four bases that make up the nucleotides in DNA?

a)

adenine, thymine guanine, cytosine

b)

oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen

c)

adenine, cytosine, helium, hydrogen

d)

sugar, phosphate, chromosome, gene

38.

Which scientist discovered that adenine equals thymine and guanine equals cytosine in DNA?

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Erwin Chargaff

c)

Rosalind Franklin

d)

Marie Curie

39.

Which scientist used X-ray diffraction to find that DNA has a spiral shape?

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Erwin Chargaff

c)

Rosalind Franklin

d)

Marie Curie

40.

Which scientists built a DNA model that looked like a long, twisted ladder?

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Chargaff & Franklin

c)

Crick & Franklin

d)

Watson & Holmes

41.

The twisted ladder shape of DNA is called a(n) _____.

a)

cytosine

b)

base

c)

phosphate

d)

thymine

e)

double helix

42.

The sides of the double helix alternate with sugar parts and _____ parts.

a)

cytosine

b)

base

c)

phosphate

d)

thymine

e)

double helix

43.

Each rung of the double helix ladder is a(n) _____.

a)

cytosine

b)

base

c)

phosphate

d)

thymine

e)

double helix

44.

When adenine is on one side of a double helix rung, the other side is always _____.

a)

cytosine

b)

base

c)

phosphate

d)

thymine

e)

double helix

45.

When guanine is on one side of a double helix rung, the other side is always _____.

a)

cytosine

b)

base

c)

phosphate

d)

thymine

e)

double helix

46.

When cells replicate DNA, what do they do?

a)

grow larger DNA

b)

make new DNA bases

c)

make copies of DNA

d)

bond with other DNA

47.

In DNA, why does a base bond with only one other base?

a)

Bases are replicated.

b)

Bases are fragmentary.

c)

Bases are duplicated.

d)

Bases are complementary.

48.

How is a DNA molecule split as it is copied?

a)

down the middle

b)

into thirds

c)

side to side

d)

at each base pair

49.

As DNA splits, what forms along each of the original strands?

a)

a new sugar

b)

a new phosphate

c)

a new cell

d)

a new strand

50.

When happens every time that a cell divides?

a)

The nucleus gets larger.

b)

The nucleus is destroyed.

c)

DNA is destroyed.

d)

DNA is copied.

51.

What unwinds, copies, and rewinds the DNA inside a cell?

a)

proteins

b)

phosphates

c)

cells

d)

strands

52.

Inherited characteristics are determined by _____.

a)

genes

b)

traits

c)

molecules

d)

environment

53.

Structures made of protein and DNA and found in the nucleus of cells are called _____.

a)

inherited characteristics

b)

phosphates

c)

nucleotides

d)

chromosomes

54.

What is another way to say deoxyribonucleic acid?

a)

DRA

b)

DBA

c)

DXA

d)

DNA

55.

The subunits that make up DNA are called _____.

a)

genes

b)

nucleotides

c)

chromosomes

d)

cells

56.

found that adenine is always equal to thymine, and guanine is always equal to cytosine in DNA

a)

Rosalind Franklin

b)

Watson & Crick

c)

Erwin Chargaff

57.

used X-rays to make images of the DNA molecule, suggesting that DNA has a spiral shape

a)

Rosalind Franklin

b)

Watson & Crick

c)

Erwin Chargaff

58.

built a model of DNA that helped explain how DNA is copied and functions

a)

Rosalind Franklin

b)

Watson & Crick

c)

Erwin Chargaff

59.

The twisted shape of DNA is called a _____.

a)

double ladder

b)

double helix

c)

nucleotide

d)

base pair

60.

The two sides of the double helix DNA ladder are made of alternating sugar parts and _____.

a)

cytosine parts

b)

base parts

c)

thymine parts

d)

phosphate parts

61.

The rungs of the double helix DNA ladder are made of a pair of _____.

a)

sugars

b)

phosphates

c)

bases

d)

acids

62.

When the base on one side of a DNA ladder rung is adenine, the other side of the rung is always ____.

a)

thymine

b)

guanine

c)

cytosine

d)

phosphate

63.

When the base on one side of a DNA ladder rung is guanine, the other side of the rung is always _____.

a)

thymine

b)

guanine

c)

cytosine

d)

phosphate

64.

deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines the traits a living thing inherits

a)

nucleotide

b)

DNA

c)

thymine

d)

cytosine

65.

one of the four possible bases in a string of DNA; pairs with adenine

a)

nucleotide

b)

DNA

c)

thymine

d)

cytosine

66.

a subunit of DNA that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

a)

nucleotide

b)

DNA

c)

thymine

d)

cytosine

67.

the complementary base to guanine

a)

nucleotide

b)

DNA

c)

thymine

d)

cytosine

68.

What letters represent the four bases?

a)

A, B, C, D

b)

W, X, Y, Z

c)

A, T, C, G

d)

E, Y, A, O

69.

Using X-ray diffraction, what did Rosalind Franklin show the shape of DNA to be?

a)

a circle

b)

a spiral

c)

a square

d)

a line

70.

Watson and Crick built a DNA model like a _____.

a)

long, twisted ladder

b)

piece of twine

c)

straight line

d)

pyramid

71.

The sides of the DNA "ladder" are made of _____.

a)

guanine & thymine

b)

adenine & cytosine

c)

sugar & phosphate

d)

helixes & twists

72.

The "rungs" of the DNA ladder are _____.

a)

a pair of bases

b)

a pair of sugars

c)

a pair of phosphates

d)

a set of proteins

73.

To be copied, a DNA molecule splits _____.

a)

across the top

b)

down the middle

c)

along the sides

d)

along the phosphates

74.

A gene can be all of the following EXCEPT _____.

a)

a set of instructions for a trait

b)

a complete chromosome

c)

instructions for making a protein

d)

a portion of a strand of DNA

75.

Watson and Crick _____.

a)

took X-ray pictures of DNA

b)

discovered that genes are in chromosomes

c)

bred pea plants to study heredity

d)

made models to figure out DNA's shape

76.

Which of the following statements about DNA is NOT true?

a)

DNA is found in all organisms.

b)

DNA is made up of five subunits.

c)

DNA has a structure like a twisted ladder.

d)

Mistakes can be made when DNA is copied.

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