The formation of mineral grains from cooling magma.

Igneous rocks that form inside the Earth from slowly cooling magma.

Igneous rocks that form at Earth's surface from rapidly cooling lava.

Solid substance that separates out of a liquid to form a solid, usually when the liquid evaporates.

A rock that forms from the compaction of sediments or the precipitation of material from a liquid.

The chemical or physical breakdown of rocks, soils, or minerals at Earth's surface.

Flat layers in rocks due to squeezing by pressure.

Small particle of soil or rock deposited by wind or water.

A mineral that contains a silicate tetrahedron with silicon and oxygen atoms.

Sedimentary rock that forms from pieces of living organisms.

When fluids deposit ions to create a cement that hardens loose sediments.

An igneous intrusive rock body that has cooled in the crust.

Igneous rock texture with holes that indicate the presence of gas bubbles in the magma.

Molten rock that has reached Earth's surface.

Contains fragments or clasts of preexisting rock; sedimentary rock made of clasts.

The never-ending cycle in which one rock type changes into another rock type.

A solid in which all the atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.

The melting of some, but not all, of the minerals in a rock, depending on temperature.

Rocks that form from the hardening of chemical precipitates.

The ability of a mineral to resist scratching.

When sediments are squeezed together by the weight of sediments and rocks on top of them.

A rock formed from cooled magma.

A rock that forms from a previous rock that is exposed to heat and/or pressure.

Rock that originates in a volcano or volcanic feature.

The way light reflects off of the surface of the mineral.

The creation of rock from sediments. → crystalization

Changes in rock that occur because of high pressure over a large area. → regional metamorphism

A substance in which the atoms of two or more elements bond together → chemical sedimentary rocks

Igneous rock texture in which visible crystals are found in a matrix of tiny crystals. → porphyritic

Something from living organisms → organic

Minerals that colled from a fluid and filled cracks in a rock → magma

A solid state change in an existing rock due to high temperature and/or pressure that creates a metamorphic rock. → contact metamorphism

The crystallization of a fraction of the minerals in magma depending on temperature. → fractional crystallization

The amount of matter in a certain amount of space; mass divided by volume. → density

Changes in a rock that result from temperature increases when a body of magma contacts a cooler existing rock. → contact metamorphism

The tendency of a mineral to break along certain planes to make smooth surfaces. → clastic

The way a mineral breaks when it is not broken along a cleavage plane. → crystalization

Rocks that form from materials created by living organisms removing ions from water and falling to the bottom to become sediments. → volcanic rock

When fluids deposit ions to create a cement that hardens loose sediments. → cementation