Free Printable Chapter 5 Earthquakes

1.

What are the types of stress and how do they change the crust of the Earth’s surface?

a)

Tension - type of stress that pulls the crust and stretches rock so that it gets thinner in the middle.

b)

Compression - type of stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

c)

Shearing - type of stress that pushes rock into two opposite directions. Cause racks to break and slip apart.

d)

All of the above

2.

Where are faults usually found and why do they form?

A. Faults occur along plate boundaries.

B. Faults form because of the continuous movement of the plate boundaries.

C. Faults form because of Earthquakes.

D. They form on the ring of fire

a)

b and a

b)

d and a

c)

a and c

d)

d and c

e)

a and b

3.

The rocks are pushed apart causing a normal fault. The fault is at an angle so one block of rock lies above the other block of rock. The rock that hangs above (or is pushed up) is the hanging wall and the rock that is below is called the footwall (stays in its regular position).

a)

Normal Fault

b)

Reverse Fault

c)

Strike-Slip Fault

d)

These are all good ideas

4.

The rocks are pushed together so compression causes a reverse fault. A reverse fault also has the same structure as a normal fault, however the blocks of rock move in opposite direction. This causes the hanging wall to move up relative to the footwall.

a)

Normal Fault

b)

Reverse Fault

c)

Strike-Slip Fault

d)

These are all good ideas

5.

In places where rocks move past each other creates shearing. The rocks slip past each other sideways without any up and down motion. The San Andreas fault is an example of a strike-slip fault.

a)

Normal Fault

b)

Reverse Fault

c)

Strike-Slip Fault

d)

All of these are good ideas

6.

The first waves to arrive. They compress and expand the ground like an accordian. They can move through both solids and liquids.

a)

P waves

b)

S waves

c)

Surface Waves

7.

P waves

a)

The first waves to arrive. They compress and expand the ground like an accordian. They can move through both solids and liquids.

b)

The second waves to arrive. They vibrate from side to side as well as up and down. S waves can not move through liquids

c)

When P waves and S waves make it to the surface, they become surface waves. The move slower than P and S waves but can produce more ground movements

8.

S Waves

a)

The first waves to arrive. They compress and expand the ground like an accordian. They can move through both solids and liquids.

b)

The second waves to arrive. They vibrate from side to side as well as up and down. S waves can not move through liquids

c)

When P waves and S waves make it to the surface, they become surface waves. The move slower than P and S waves but can produce more ground movements.

9.

The second waves to arrive. They vibrate from side to side as well as up and down. S waves can not move through liquids

a)

P waves

b)

S waves

c)

Surface waves

10.

Surface Waves

a)

The first waves to arrive. They compress and expand the ground like an accordian. They can move through both solids and liquids.

b)

The second waves to arrive. They vibrate from side to side as well as up and down. S waves can not move through liquids

c)

When P waves and S waves make it to the surface, they become surface waves. The move slower than P and S waves but can produce more ground movements.

11.

When P waves and S waves make it to the surface, they become surface waves. The move slower than P and S waves but can produce more ground movements.

a)

P wave

b)

S wave

c)

Surface Wave

12.

Measure an earthquake's intensity or strength at a given place. This scale uses roman numerals I - XII. Each group of roman numerals are used for each area affected by an earthquake because the intensity varies at different locations. So the smaller the roman numeral, the further it is from the epicenter. And the higher the roman numeral the closer it is to the epicenter.

a)

Mercalli Scale

b)

Richter Scale

c)

Moment Magnitude Scale

13.

It measures the magnitude of an earthquake. This number is determined by geologist measuring the both the seismic waves and fault movements. The seismic waves are measured by a seismograph. It provides accurate measurements for small and nearby earthquakes.

a)

Mercalli Scale

b)

Richter Scale

c)

Moment Magnitude Scale

14.

Estimates the total energy released by an earthquake. This scale can be used to measure all sizes of earthquakes both near and far. Geologist use both the data from seismographs and the data from the movement and the strength of the rocks that broke when the fault slipped.

a)

Mercalli Scale

b)

Richter Scale

c)

Moment Magnitude Scale

15.

To monitor faults, geologist use instruments to measure changes in...

a)

elevation

b)

water

c)

tilting of the land surface

d)

ground movements along faults

e)

temperature outside

16.

Like a carpenter's level, tiltmeters measure the tilting or raising of the ground. They use containers of water that are connected with a smaller tube. As the earth has vertical movement along a fault the water will move from one container of water to another.

a)

Tiltmeters

b)

Creep Meters

c)

Laser

d)

GPS satellites

17.

use wire stretched across a fault to measure horizontal movement.

a)

Tiltmeters

b)

Creep Meters

c)

Laser

d)

GPS satellites

18.

Ranging devices - uses a laser beam that is pointed to a reflector. It also measures horizontal movements of a fault.

a)

Tiltmeters

b)

Creep Meters

c)

Laser

d)

GPS satellites

19.

Measures changes in elevation as well as horizontal movement of a fault. Scientist can measure tiny movements of markers that are set up on both side of a fault.

a)

Tiltmeters

b)

Creep Meters

c)

Laser

d)

GPS satellites

20.

Seismographs and _____monitoring devices provide date used to make faults and detect changes along faults. Geologist are using this data to to develop a method of predicting earthquakes.

a)

fault

b)

temperature

c)

computerized

d)

plates

e)

crust

21.

Geologist can determine _____ risk by locating where faults are active, where past earthquakes have occured, and where the most ________ was caused

a)

earthquake and damage

b)

damage and earthquake

c)

radiation and damage

d)

earthquake and radiation

22.

Can trigger landslides or avalanches and destroy buildings and bridges. It can also topple utility poles and fracture gase and water mains. Loose soil shakes more violently than rock.

a)

Shaking

b)

Liquefaction

c)

Aftershocks

d)

Tsunamis

23.

Shaking

a)

Can trigger landslides or avalances and destroy buildings and bridges. It can also topple utility poles and fracture gase and water mains. Loose soil shakes more violently than rock.

b)

occurs when earthquakes violet shaking suddenly turns loose soft soil into liquid mud. Happens most where the soil is full of moisture. The ground will give way and buildings will sink and pull apart.

c)

an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. The can strike hours, days or even months later.

d)

The water that is displaced by an earthquake on the ocean floor. The height of the wave is small in the ocean but as the wave approaches shallow water the wave grows into a mountain of water.

24.

occurs when earthquakes violet shaking suddenly turns loose soft soil into liquid mud. Happens most where the soil is full of moisture. The ground will give way and buildings will sink and pull apart.

a)

Shacking

b)

Liquefaction

c)

Aftershocks

d)

Tsunamis

25.

Liquefaction

a)

Can trigger landslides or avalanches and destroy buildings and bridges. It can also topple utility poles and fracture gase and water mains. Loose soil shakes more violently than rock.

b)

occurs when earthquakes violet shaking suddenly turns loose soft soil into liquid mud. Happens most where the soil is full of moisture. The ground will give way and buildings will sink and pull apart.

c)

an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. The can strike hours, days or even months later.

d)

The water that is displaced by an earthquake on the ocean floor. The height of the wave is small in the ocean but as the wave approaches shallow water the wave grows into a mountain of water.

26.

an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. The can strike hours, days or even months later.

a)

Shaking

b)

Aftershocks

c)

Liquefaction

d)

Tsunamis

27.

Aftershocks

a)

Can trigger landslides or avalances and destroy buildings and bridges. It can also topple utility poles and fracture gase and water mains. Loose soil shakes more violently than rock.

b)

occurs when earthquakes violet shaking suddenly turns loose soft soil into liquid mud. Happens most where the soil is full of moisture. The ground will give way and buildings will sink and pull apart.

c)

an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. The can strike hours, days or even months later.

d)

The water that is displaced by an earthquake on the ocean floor. The height of the wave is small in the ocean but as the wave approaches shallow water the wave grows into a mountain of water.

28.

Tsunamis

a)

The water that is displaced by an earthquake on the ocean floor. The height of the wave is small in the ocean but as the wave approaches shallow water the wave grows into a mountain of water.

b)

an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. The can strike hours, days or even months later.

c)

occurs when earthquakes violet shaking suddenly turns loose soft soil into liquid mud. Happens most where the soil is full of moisture. The ground will give way and buildings will sink and pull apart.

d)

Can trigger landslides or avalances and destroy buildings and bridges. It can also topple utility poles and fracture gase and water mains. Loose soil shakes more violently than rock.

29.

The water that is displaced by an earthquake on the ocean floor. The height of the wave is small in the ocean but as the wave approaches shallow water the wave grows into a mountain of water.

a)

Aftershock

b)

Tsunami

c)

Liquefaction

d)

Shaking

30.

Tension...

a)

pushes rock together

b)

stretches rock

c)

can cause masses of rock to slip

31.

Compression...

a)

pushes rock together

b)

stretches rock

c)

can cause masses of rock to slip

32.

Shearing...

a)

pushes rock together

b)

stretches rock

c)

can cause masses of rock to slip

33.

A force that acts on an area of rock to change its shape or volume is...

a)

stress.

b)

tension.

c)

compresion.

d)

shearing.

e)

normal fault

34.

Tension in the Earth's crust pulls rock apart causing...

a)

normal faults.

b)

reverse faults.

c)

footwalls.

d)

strike-slip faults.

35.

The block of rock that lies above is called the...

a)

hanging wall

b)

footwall

36.

The rock that lies below is the...

a)

hanging wall

b)

footwall

37.

In a reverse fault the blocks move...

a)

in the same direction.

b)

in the opposite direction.

38.

In a strike-slip fault, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways, with little up or down motion.

a)

This is accurate!

b)

This is seriously wrong.

39.

Seismic waves carry energy from an earthquake away from the focus, through Earth's interior and across the surface.

a)

This is accurate!

b)

This is seriously wrong.

40.

Seismic waves carry energy from an earthquake toward from the focus, through Earth's interior and and into the sky.

a)

This is accurate!

b)

This is seriously wrong.

41.

Surface waves move more slowly than P waves and S waves, but they can cause more severe ground movements.

a)

This is accurate!

b)

This is seriously wrong.

42.

Surface waves move faster than P waves and S waves, but they can cause more severe ground movements.

a)

This is accurate!

b)

This is seriously wrong.

43.

Geologists use seismic waves to locate an earthquake's epicenter.

a)

That is accurate!

b)

This is seriously wrong.

44.

The best way to protect yourself during an earthquake is to drop, cover, and

a)

hold

b)

pray

c)

roll

d)

run

e)

fly

45.

A base-isolated building is designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake.

a)

That is accurate!

b)

This is seriously wrong.

46.

type of stress that pulls the crust and stretches rock so that it gets thinner in the middle

a)

Tension

b)

Compression

c)

Shearing

47.

How many faults are there?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

e)

5

48.

Which ones are faults?

a)

Normal Fault

b)

Big Fault

c)

Reverse Fault

d)

Opposite Fault

e)

Strike-Slip Fault

49.

Faults occur along plate boundaries.

a)

True

b)

False

50.

Faults occur along..

a)

Plate Boundaries.

b)

Holes in the ground.

c)

Shaking.

d)

Grand Canyon.

51.

What does a seismograph measure?

a)

seismic waves

b)

earthquakes

c)

P waves

d)

S waves

e)

Surface Waves

52.

Why do faults form?

a)

continuous movement of the plate boundaries

b)

paper plates keep moving

c)

earthquakes

d)

people keep drilling holes in the ground

53.

What kind of fault is the San Andreas fault?

a)

Reverse Fault

b)

Normal Fault

c)

Strike-Slip Fault

54.

Which Scale uses Roman Numerals I - XII?

a)

Mercalli Scale

b)

Richter Scale

c)

Moment Magnitude Scale

55.

Which scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake?

a)

Mercalli Scale

b)

Richter Scale

c)

Moment Magnitude Scale

56.

Which scale estimates the total energy released by an earthquake. This scale can be used to measure all sizes of earthquakes both near and far.

a)

Mercalli Scale

b)

Richter Scale

c)

Moment Magnitude Scale

Chapter 5 Earthquakes

Total questions: 56

Worksheet time: 28mins

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