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GROUNDWATER/WATERSHEDS AND WED REIVEW

Total questions: 68

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
When fertilizers enter surface water, they cause problems in 
the watershed by -
a)
increasing the amount of nutrients available to fish in lakes and streams.
b)

clogging narrow streams and preventing water from flowing properly.
c)
raising the water level in nearby rivers to levels leading to flooding.
d)
causing rapid algal growth that decrease oxygen levels and choke aquatic life.
2.
Which would increase the amount of runoff you get?
a)
Vegetation
b)
More plants
c)
Urban Development
3.
What do you call the land that water flows across, under, and through on its way to a body of water?
a)
Tributary
b)
River system
c)
Headwaters
d)
Watershed
4.

All bodies of fresh water, salt water, ice, and snow that are found above ground

a)

Groundwater

b)

Surface water

c)

Runoff

d)

Swimming pool

5.
___________________ washes agricultural wastes, including animal wastes, fertilizers, and pesticides, into bodies of water, causing algae to grow.
a)
Runoff
b)
Peak flow
c)
Groundwater
d)
Municipal sewage
6.
Wastes produced by agriculture, households, industry, mining, and other human activities can end up in ______________.
a)
groundwater
b)
streams and rivers
c)
oceans
d)
All of these choices
7.
An area of permeable layer of rock or soil that holds a large amount of water in the saturated zone is called what?
a)
Aquifer
b)
Spring
c)
Well
d)
Reservoir
8.
The water that fills lakes and rivers
a)
groundwater
b)
surface water
c)
water table
d)
saturated zone
9.
Water stored  in cracks and pores below the Earth's surface is called:
a)
Groundwater
b)
Bogs
c)
Water in the ground
d)
surface water
10.
What is the top of the water-filled spaces  (saturated zone) in the ground called?
a)
Groundwater
b)
Reservoir
c)
Water Table
d)
Well
11.
Sand is ___________, meaning that water can pass through easily.
a)
Permeable
b)
Impermeable
c)
Solid
d)
Soft
12.
Suppose there is a drought in this area. The level of the river drops because of it.
What else could happen here?
a)
The river will immediately rise again.
b)
The water table will rise. 
c)
The water table will fall. 
d)
A new aquifer will form.
13.
What is an area of higher elevation that separates watersheds?
a)
Estuary
b)
Divide
c)
Wetland
d)
Transition zones
14.
What is the water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers called?
a)
Groundwater
b)
Water Table
c)
Precipitation
d)
Snow
15.
The top of the groundwater’s zone of saturation - E
a)
Zone of Aeration
b)
Aquifer
c)
Surface water
d)
Water table
16.

The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Exfoliation

17.

The process by which rock and soil are moved from one place to another is called-

a)

Chemical weatherin

b)

Erosion

c)

Mechanical weathering

d)

Deosition

18.

This type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.

a)

Chemical weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Mechanical weathering

d)

Deposition

19.

What do we call the process in which rock is broken down by changes in its chemical makeup.

a)

Chemical weathering

b)

Mechanical weathering

c)

Erosion

d)

Deposition

20.

The grinding/scratching away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind

a)

Frost wedging

b)

Exfoliation

c)

Oxidation

d)

Abrasion

21.

Plants/animals digging under ground with roots or claws to break apart rocks.

a)

Frost wedging

b)

Abrasion

c)

Burrowing

d)

Exfoliation

22.

The breaking off of the curved sheets or slabs from a rock's surface due to drastic changing temperatures.

a)

Frost wedging

b)

Exfoliation

c)

Abrasion

d)

Burrowing

23.

A type of chemical weathering in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust.

a)

Acid rain

b)

Oxidation

c)

Reaction to water

d)

Exfoliation

24.

The image above depicts the effects of chemical weathering breaking down limestone. Which type of chemical weathering causes this reaction?

a)

Acid rain

b)

Oxidation

c)

Exfoliation

d)

Abrasion

25.

Over millions of years, the shape of mountains on Earth's surface can change to low hills and then rolling plains. These changes are most likely caused by-

a)

Folding and faulting

b)

Volcanoes and Earthquakes

c)

Human activity

d)

Weathering and Erosion

26.

A student wanted to demonstrate weathering and erosion. The student put the same number/size of rocks into 2 tin cans, then added a small amount of water to both cans. Can A was shaken at a constant rate for 15 minutes, and can B was shaken for 60 minutes. The student then drained out all of the water and placed the rocks on the desk to observe. What is the best prediction of how how the rocks will look after this experiment?

a)

The rocks in can B will become larger and rounder than can A

b)

The rocks in can B will become smaller and rounder than can A

c)

The rocks in can A will become smaller and rounder than can B

d)

The rocks in can A will become Larger and rounder than can B

27.

Which type of sediment does wind erosion most strongly affect?

a)

Loose, sandy soil

b)

Wet rocks

c)

Wet, compacted soil

d)

Dry, compacted soil

28.

Which type of area is more likely to weather and erode? An area with a lot of vegetation (plants) or an area with very little? Why?

a)

The area with very little vegetation, because the roots won't be able to burrow through the rocks to weather it down.

b)

The area with a lot of vegetation, because the roots will burrow through the rocks causing a landslide.

c)

The area with very little vegetation, because it has not roots to absorb extra water or hold the soil together. The extra water and loose soil is likely to become a landslide/mudslide.

d)

The area with a lot of vegetation, because the roots will absorb any extra rain water, and will also hold the soil together preventing a landslide.

29.

Which of the following agents is the usually responsible for the formation of canyons?

a)

Gravity pulling

b)

Wind blowing

c)

Flowing water

d)

Glaciers moving

30.

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

a)

Erosion breaks down the rocks, and weathering carries the broken pieces away.

b)

Erosion carries broken pieces away, and weathering builds the pieces back up into another land mass.

c)

Weathering carries broken pieces away, and erosion builds the pieces back up into another land mass.

d)

Weathering breaks down rocks, and erosion carries the broken pieces away.

31.

The tallest sand dunes in North America are found in Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in Colorado. These dunes were formed from the sand at the bottom of a dry lake bed. Which of the following agents is most likely responsible for the formation of the sand dunes?

a)

Wind

b)

Water

c)

Ice

d)

Gravity

32.

A student prepares a model by filling a plastic bottle with water, capping it tightly, and placing it in the freezer for 24 hours. After 24 hours, there are large cracks on the bottle's sides. The student's model most likely represents which of the following types of weathering:

a)

Acid rain

b)

Oxidation

c)

Frost wedging

d)

Abrasion

33.

Which term best describes the graphic organizer in circle T?

a)

Ice wedging

b)

Abrasion

c)

Oxidation

d)

Burrowing animals

34.

Which of the following terms best describes the graphic organizer in circle S?

a)

Acid rain

b)

Oxidation

c)

Deposition

d)

Abrasion

35.

Which of the following pair of terms explains why pebbles in a river are smoother and more rounded than rocks found on land?

a)

Exfoliation and deposition

b)

Weathering and deposition

c)

Weathering and erosion

d)

Deposition and Burrowing

36.

Flood water pounding against a canyon wall and wearing it down

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

37.

Rain washing away soil from a hill side

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

38.

Layers of sediment forming at the bottom of the ocean

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

39.

A mudslide flowing down a steep hill

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

40.

Glaciers dropping rock and sand to form terminal moraines

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

41.

Waves dropping sand on the beach

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

42.

Caves being formed by acid rain dissolving underground limestone

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

43.

Deltas forming at the mouths of rivers

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

44.

Water getting into cracks, freezing and breaking the rocks or pavement apart

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

45.

Wind blowing sand from one location to another

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

46.

Wind blasting sand at rock and carving out arches

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

47.

Glaciers scraping rocks across the Earth’s surface

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

48.

Muddy water being carried away by a fast-moving river

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

49.

Rocks being made smooth by tumbling across a streambed

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

50.

Ponds filling up with sediment and becoming marshes

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

51.

Flood waters moving soil from one location to another

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

52.

Any area of land where precipitation collects and drains into a common outlet, such as a river, bay, or ocean.

a)

Divide

b)

Water Table

c)

Done of Saturation

d)

Watershed

53.

Area underground where all gaps are filled with only water.

a)

zone of saturation

b)

zone of aeration

c)

divide

d)

drainage basin

54.

Area underground where gaps in soil and rock are filled with both air and water.

a)

zone of saturation

b)

zone of aeration

c)

water shed

d)

tributary

55.
Large areas of Texas are made up of flat farm land covered by layers of soil.  Underground, there is a large aquifer that stretches beneath most of the region.  Over a period of many years, much of the water in the aquifer is removed through wells and used to irrigate crops. If the amount of precipitation does not increase over the same period of years, what effect could the irrigation of crops have on the aquifer?
a)
The groundwater will decrease
b)
The groundwater will increase.
c)
The groundwater will stay the same.
d)
The groundwater will expand.
56.
Which best explains why population growth can result in water shortages and rationing in certain areas?
a)
Aquifers recharge slowly
b)
Lake water is reserved for recreation
c)
Increasing biomass decreases evaporation rates
d)
Tall buildings impede the development of rain clouds
57.
During droughts, lack of rain can lead to wells drying up. This is because the drought has lowered the ____.
a)
water trough
b)
zone of aeration
c)
water table
d)
zone of porosity
58.
In karst regions, caves are carved by the flow of water through limestone bedrock. How do the stalagmites and stalactites in the caves develop?
a)
They are granite intrusions that remain behind after water dissolves the surrounding limestone
b)
They are carbonate deposits formed by dripping water in air-filled cavities
c)
They are carvings made in limestone by the swirling water as it hollows out the cavern
d)
They are crystals that grow as water hollows out the cavern
59.
Which of the following is an example of chemical weathering?
a)
Splits in a rock due to tree roots
b)
Pulverized rock resulting from a landslide
c)
A rock broken into chunks after being carried by rapidly flowing water
d)
The dissolving of limestone by acid rain
60.
Which best represents the most common arrangement of zones in a water table
a)
surface, aerated zone, bedrock, saturated zone
b)
surface, bedrock, aerated zone, saturated zone
c)
surface, aerated zone, saturated zone, bedrock
d)
surface, bedrock, saturated zone, aerated zone
61.
When water can pass through rock or sediment it is said to be ____.
a)
impermeable
b)
transparent
c)
permeable
d)
extrusive
62.
How does water move underground?
a)
trickles down between particles pulled by gravity
b)
moves up and down depending on the hemisphere
c)
is forced down through particles by pressure
d)
moves in and out of the ground due to the atmosphere
63.
If you install a well, what must you make sure of?
a)
the well is dug at least 100 ft deep
b)
the well is dug horizontally
c)
the well is dug at least 75 ft from the house
d)
the well is dug below the water table
64.
Suppose there is a drought in this area. The level of the river drops because of it.
What else could happen here?
a)
The river will immediately rise again.
b)
The water table will rise. 
c)
The water table will fall. 
d)
A new aquifer will form.
65.
The top of the groundwater’s zone of saturation - E
a)
Zone of Aeration
b)
Aquifer
c)
Surface water
d)
Water table
66.
The area below the water table -D
a)
Zone of Saturation
b)
Aquifer
c)
Zone of Aeration
d)
Delta
67.
An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water?
a)
Reservoir
b)
Aquifer
c)
Groundwater
d)
Watershed
68.
Because they have large connected pores, materials such as sand and gravel allow water to pass through.  This is known as 
a)
Permeable
b)
Impermeable

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