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WorksheetsBio9 6 Meiosis and Mendel
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 30mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
A kidney cell is an example of which type of cell?
a)
sex cell
b)
germ cell
c)
somatic cell
d)
haploid cell
2.
How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?
a)
46
b)
23
c)
22
d)
44
3.
Which of the following best describes the genetic material a person receives from his or her father?
a)
22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and an X and Y chromosome
b)
22 haploid cells and an X or Y chromosome
c)
23 diploid cells and an X and Y chromosome
d)
22 autosomes and an X or Y chromosome
4.
Which phrase best describes the process of meiosis?
a)
occurs in body cells
b)
results in genetically identical cells
c)
happens only in haploid cells
d)
produces haploid gametes
5.
At fertilization, what happens to the sex cells?
a)
They retain half of their chromosomes.
b)
Half of the cells copy their DNA twice.
c)
Their nuclei fuse to form one nucleus.
d)
One becomes an egg, and one becomes a sperm cell.
6.
Which of the following statements is true of homologous chromosomes?
a)
They are exact copies.
b)
They contain the same genes.
c)
They divide during meiosis II.
d)
They connect to each other.
7.
Which phrase best describes meiosis I?
a)
duplication of paired chromosomes
b)
fusion of sister chromatids
c)
division of homologous chromosomes
d)
creation of two diploid cells
8.
What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis II?
a)
They duplicate.
b)
They are divided.
c)
They remain together.
d)
They do not take part.
9.
Gametogenesis is the term for
a)
the production of gametes.
b)
the fertilization of eggs.
c)
the development of polar bodies.
d)
the movement of sperm.
10.
What does an egg contribute to the embryo that a sperm does not contribute?
a)
polar bodies
b)
organelles
c)
DNA
d)
germ cells
11.
Which of the following is an example of a biological trait?
a)
personality
b)
hair style
c)
eye color
d)
regional accent
12.
Mendel began his experiments with purebred pea plants. This approach enabled him to determine that variations among offspring were the result of
a)
random mutations.
b)
self-pollination.
c)
genetic uniformity.
d)
his crossings.
13.
When Mendel crossed plants that were purebred purple-flowered with plants that were purebred white-flowered, the resulting offspring all had purple flowers. When allowed to self-pollinate, this F1 generation gave rise to white-flowered plants as well as purple. As a result, Mendel determined that individual traits are
a)
inherited as discrete units.
b)
diluted in offspring.
c)
merged with successive generations.
d)
lost in the pollination process.
14.
Mendel was able to identify predictable patterns of heredity. He succeeded mainly because he chose to study traits that
a)
were always dominant.
b)
tended to be recessive.
c)
could be diluted.
d)
had only two forms.
15.
Which of the following conclusions was a result of Mendel’s observations?
a)
Organisms that give rise to purebreds are genetically superior.
b)
Organisms that have intermediate features are self-pollinating.
c)
Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent.
d)
Organisms that self-pollinate do not have “either-or” features.
16.
Which phrase best describes the term genome?
a)
the genetic makeup of a chromosome
b)
the genes that make up an organism
c)
the location of a specific set of genes
d)
the sum of an organism’s physical traits
17.
Hair color and eye color are examples of a person’s
a)
recessive traits.
b)
dominant alleles.
c)
genotype.
d)
phenotype.
18.
When an organism has two alleles at a particular locus that are different, the organism is called
a)
purebred.
b)
dominant.
c)
heterozygous.
d)
recessive.
19.
If a pea plant were homozygous recessive for height, how would its alleles be represented?
a)
Tt
b)
TT
c)
tt
d)
tT
20.
An allele is dominant in a heterozygote when it is
a)
expressed and the other allele is not.
b)
a very common allele in a population.
c)
the stronger of the two alleles.
d)
more desirable than the other allele.
21.
What do the letters inside the grid of a Punnett square represent?
a)
phenotypes of parents
b)
genotypes of offspring
c)
testcrosses of offspring
d)
chromosomes of parents
22.
What is the probability that the offspring of a cross between a homozygous recessive parent and a heterozygous parent will be homozygous recessive?
a)
1/1
b)
0.5
c)
0.3333333333333333
d)
0.25
23.
The term for a cross that involves just one trait, such as pod shape, is called a
a)
homozygous cross.
b)
test cross.
c)
monohybrid cross.
d)
dihybrid cross.
24.
What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?
a)
3:1
b)
1:2:1
c)
9:3:3:1
d)
1:2:2:1
25.
Which of the following observations did Mendel make as a result of his experiments with dihybrid crosses?
a)
Dominant traits are inherited together.
b)
Different traits are inherited separately.
c)
Similar traits are inherited in pairs.
d)
Recessive traits are inherited unpredictably.
26.
About how many different combinations of chromosomes can be produced through the random fertilization of human gametes?
a)
24 x 24
b)
216 x 216
c)
223 x 223
d)
246 x 246
27.
Which phrase best describes the process of crossing over?
a)
Pairs of homologous chromosomes exchange segments.
b)
Pairs of sister chromatids exchange segments.
c)
Pairs of homologous chromosomes become linked.
d)
Pairs of sister chromatids become linked.
28.
Suppose a gene that codes for flower color is linked with a gene that codes for leaf shape. Which statement is true of this pair of genes?
a)
They have similar loci on homologous chromosomes.
b)
They cross over separately during recombination.
c)
They are close together on the same chromosome.
d)
They likely will be inherited separately.
29.
During what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
a)
prophase I of meiosis I
b)
anaphase II of meiosis II
c)
telophase I of meiosis I
d)
metaphase II of meiosis II
30.
Which of the following is a result of the study of gene linkage?
a)
The precise genes in the human genome have been mapped.
b)
The exact order of genes on a chromosome can be found.
c)
The relative distances between genes can be calculated.
d)
The specific characteristics of offspring can be predicted.
31.
Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from your parents (one from your mother, one from your father) are called
a)
homologous chromosomes.
b)
sister chromatids.
c)
sex chromosomes.
d)
homozygous alleles.
32.
In humans, meiosis produces cells with how many chromosomes?
a)
44
b)
22
c)
46
d)
23
33.
Which of the following cell types is diploid?
a)
ovum
b)
sex cell
c)
somatic cell
d)
gamete
34.
A distinguishing characteristic that can be inherited is a(n)
a)
cross.
b)
allele.
c)
gene.
d)
trait.
35.
Which of the following phrases describes the Punnett square in Figure 6.1?
a)
1/4 probability of heterozygous offspring
b)
monohybrid heterozygous-heterozygous cross
c)
3/4 probability of homozygous offspring
d)
dihybrid heterozygous-heterozygous cross
36.
Which of the following statements is true of homozygous alleles?
a)
They are always inherited together.
b)
They are different forms of the same trait.
c)
They are identical forms of the same gene.
d)
They are identical forms of two different genes.
37.
Which law states that organisms inherit two copies of each gene and donate one copy to each of their offspring?
a)
law of genetic linkage
b)
law of segregation
c)
law of independent assortment
d)
law of inheritance
38.
Mendel knew that the variations in the offspring generations resulted from his experiments because he
a)
allowed plants to cross-pollinate.
b)
ensured that plants self-pollinated.
c)
controlled the fertilization process.
d)
changed the growing conditions.
39.
Which pair of genes in Figure 6.2 would be most likely to be inherited together?
a)
A and B
b)
A and C
c)
A and D
d)
A and E
40.
Which event takes place during anaphase II of meiosis II?
a)
Nuclear membrane breaks down.
b)
Spindle fibers disassemble.
c)
Sister chromatids separate.
d)
Cytoplasm divides.
41.
Recessive alleles may not be expressed because they are
a)
masked by a dominant allele.
b)
the least common allele in a population.
c)
the most common allele in a population.
d)
less likely to have crossing over.
42.
Mendel’s second law of genetics, the law of independent assortment, is one explanation of the
a)
random fertilization of gametes.
b)
genetic variation within species.
c)
greater strength of dominant alleles.
d)
final stages of gametogenesis.
43.
Which of the following events is an important factor in increasing variety among sexually reproducing organisms?
a)
testcross
b)
gene linkage
c)
crossing over
d)
mitosis
44.
Mendel’s observation that traits are inherited separately was based on which set of experiments?
a)
monohybrid crosses
b)
purebred crosses
c)
testcrosses
d)
dihybrid crosses
45.
Imagine two heterozygous parents. Each has a dominant allele X for brown eyes and a recessive allele x for blue eyes. The phenotypic ratio for brown:blue eyes in their children is
a)
1:2:1.
b)
3:1.
c)
9:3:3:1.
d)
1:3:1.
46.
In Mendel’s monohybrid cross of a purebred white-flowered plant and a purebred purple-flowered plant, the F1 generation
a)
showed only the dominant trait.
b)
showed only the recessive trait.
c)
did not receive any recessive alleles.
d)
remained purebred.
47.
Which of the following phrases best describes the function of meiosis?
a)
conserves chromosome number, produces genetically identical cells
b)
conserves chromosome number, produces haploid cells
c)
reduces chromosome number by half, produces diploid cells
d)
reduces chromosome
48.
Which of the following cell types is haploid?
a)
liver cell
b)
somatic cell
c)
sperm cell
d)
germ cell
49.
The fusion of haploid gametes is called
a)
gametogenesis.
b)
meiosis.
c)
reassortment.
d)
fertilization.
50.
All of the genetic material that makes up an organism is its
a)
gamete.
b)
genome.
c)
phenotype.
d)
testcross.
51.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the information shown in the diagram in Figure 6.1?
a)
a parental genotype that will be masked in offspring
b)
a parental phenotype that will be masked in offspring
c)
a monohybrid cross of heterozygous parents
d)
a phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1 for offspring
52.
Which of the following statements is true of heterozygous alleles?
a)
They are identical genes at the same locus on brother chromatids.
b)
They are identical genes at the same locus on sister chromatids.
c)
They are different forms of the same gene on homologous chromosomes.
d)
They are more likely than homozygous alleles to cross over.
53.
Mendel’s law of segregation states that organisms inherit two copies of each gene and that
a)
organisms donate copies to offspring in unpredictable ratios.
b)
organisms donate copies to offspring in predictable ratios.
c)
organisms donate only dominant alleles to offspring.
d)
organisms donate recessive alleles as discrete units.
54.
Which pair of genes in Figure 6.2 would be most likely to have a genetic linkage?
a)
A and C
b)
C and D
c)
E and A
d)
B and D
55.
Which was a key factor in the success of Mendel’s experiments?
a)
He started with plants that were native to the area.
b)
He started with several different types of plants.
c)
He started with self-pollinating, purebred plants.
d)
He started with cross-pollinating, flowering plants.
56.
In a genotype for plant height, such as Tt, what does each letter represent?
a)
one allele
b)
one genome
c)
one gene
d)
one gamet
57.
When is a recessive allele expressed in offspring?
a)
when two copies are present
b)
when parents have no dominant alleles
c)
when the offspring is heterozygous
d)
when one copy is present
58.
Which of the following cell types could have 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome?
a)
sperm
b)
ovum
c)
somatic
d)
germ
59.
Crossing over is an important factor in increasing the
a)
likelihood of genre linkage on homologous chromosomes.
b)
frequency with which a recessive allele is masked.
c)
genetic diversity by making new allele combinations.
d)
frequency with which a dominant allele is expressed.
60.
Which observation of dihybrid crosses led to Mendel’s law of independent assortment?
a)
Particular individual traits persisted for many generations.
b)
Many combinations of traits were always inherited together.
c)
Some combinations of traits were not passed to offspring.
d)
The presence of one trait did not affect the presence of another.
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