The spiral arms of the Milky Way are best described as:

The center of the Milky Way is found in the direction of the ______ constellation

The centers of most galaxies are thought to host:

A mythological story of the spilling of _____ lead to the word "galaxy."

The largest galaxies of the Local Group are: (PICK MORE THAN ONE)

Hubble's diagram that categorizes the types of galaxies has the appearance of a:

Lenticular galaxies have designation code of:

This would be a ______ galaxy.

This would be a _______ galaxy

A parsec is equal to ____________

Which is the correct ordering of the spectral classes from hottest to coolest stars?

Which of these subclasses within the G spectral class is the hottest?

Which of these would represent a red supergiant?

Which of these would represent a white dwarf?

Which of these would represent the Sun?

This graph indicates __________ relationship between stellar mass and radius.

The most important factor for determining how a star will change over time is:

What is the MOST IMPORTANT difference between brown and red dwarfs?

Stars with masses similar to that of the Sun will likely end up as:

In order to go through a Type II supernova, a star must have a mass _____________ that of the Sun.

Protostars become stars....

Any star that has passed the protostar stage is now...

Which of these stellar explosions can be repeated by its constituent star(s)?

The Chandrasekhar limit is:

The "valley of iron" suggests that:

Other than supernova explosions, which process produces heavier elements in nature?

The Schwarzschild radius of a black hole determines the distance between its ____________ and ____________. (PICK TWO ANSWERS)

The LIGO Observatory made the first confirmed discovery of ______________ in 2015.

According to Einstein, a massive object, like a star or black hole, can _________ light that is moving toward it.

The proton-proton chain, a specific form of fusion, begins with four protons and eventually produces:

Hydrostatic equilibrium describes the two forces that must be comparable in order for a star to remain stable - neither collapsing nor exploding. What two forces are involved? (PICK TWO)

Which layer of the Sun most directly causes these granules to appear on the surface?

Which plasma/part of the convection cycle would produce light that is blue-shifted from our perspective?

Which plasma/part of the convection cycle would produce light that is red-shifted from our perspective?

Which Yerkes luminosity class best describes the Sun?

Overall, the Sun is a _____ star.

The ___________ can only be seen during a total solar eclipse.

The ____________ makes the transfer of energy from the Sun's core to the surface take a tremendously long time due to its density.

In a fusion reaction, the combined mass of the reactants (one ³H and one ²H) is 5 amu , but the combined mass of the products (⁴He and 1 neutron) is slightly less than 5 amu. What equation explains what happens to the "missing" mass?

Stars of similar mass to the Sun live for close to ______ years.

The layer with the greatest temperature, pressure and density:

The visible surface of the Sun:

The layer in which convection cycles occur:

The interstellar medium is mostly made up of these materials: (PICK MORE THAN ONE)

Dust in nebulae causes light to be both _______ and _______ when it is transmitted through the dust. (PICK MORE THAN ONE)

Excited hydrogen gas in emission nebulae emits some red, green, blue and violet light. Which colors get scattered by the nebula, causing it to look mostly one single color? (PICK MORE THAN ONE)

The coldest nebula type is the:

Searching for dark nebulae would be best done with a ___________ telescope.

Molecules, in addition to single atoms, are most likely found in _____ nebulae.

A mostly blue nebula is probably a:

William Herschel incorrectly estimated the size of the Milky Way in part because he (just like you with your unaided eye) couldn't see most of the galactic bulge/center. What blocked his view?

What was the first major "win" in the Space Race?

At the end of World War II, several engineers were recruited to the US from _________ to help kick-start the US space program.

The first major disaster of the US space program was:

Which country put the first person in space?

This NASA program was designed to test and perfect techniques needed for lunar missions but not actually go to the Moon itself:

Sally Ride was the first American woman in space, but did not accomplish this until 1983. Who was the first woman in space almost two decades before?

Neil Armstrong first flew for NASA as part of the ______ program.

Which NASA space disaster ended with the crew alive?

Americans and Russians first collaborated on a space mission during:

Cold weather is thought to have been a root cause of the _______ disaster.

Damaged heat shielding is thought to have been a root cause of the _______ disaster.

Einstein invented the ________ as a way to explain the expansion of the universe.

The cosmic microwave background radiation is one piece of evidence for the _________ theory.