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Spring 2019 Final Semester Review

Total questions: 146

Worksheet time: 2hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The science of heredity
a)
heredity
b)
genetics
c)
trait
d)
gene
2.
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
a)
heredity
b)
genetics
c)
trait
d)
alleles
3.
Characteristics can also be called
a)
heredity
b)
traits
c)
gene 
d)
alleles
4.
The different forms of a gene
a)
heredity
b)
genetics
c)
gene
d)
alleles
5.
The factors that control a trait
a)
genetics
b)
trait
c)
gene
d)
alleles
6.
This trait always shows up in an organism when the allele is present
a)
dominant allele
b)
codominance
c)
probability
d)
recessive allele
7.
This trait is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present
a)
dominant allele
b)
codominance
c)
recessive allele
d)
Punnett Square
8.
A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
a)
dominant allele
b)
codominance
c)
probability
d)
Punnett Square
9.
The mathematical chance that an event will occur
a)
dominant allele
b)
probability
c)
recessive allele
d)
Punnett Square
10.
When alleles are neither dominant nor recessive (As a result, both alleles are expressed in the offspring.).
a)
codominance
b)
probability
c)
recessive allele
d)
Punnett Square
11.
An organism's physical appearance or visible traits
a)
fertilization
b)
genotype
c)
phenotype
d)
homozygous
12.
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (hybrid)
a)
fertilization
b)
genotype
c)
homozygous
d)
heterozygous
13.
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (hybrid)
a)
fertilization
b)
genotype
c)
homozygous
d)
heterozygous
14.
A new organism begins to form when egg and sperm join in a process called
a)
fertilization
b)
phenotype
c)
homozygous
d)
heterozygous
15.
The science of heredity
a)
Physics
b)
Chemistry
c)
Genetics
d)
Ecology
16.
Heredity is the passing of traits from _____________________ to _____________________
a)
predators to prey
b)
water to rain
c)
parents to offspring
d)
fungi to protists
17.
____ is when members of a species that are best suited for their environment survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other members of the species
a)
natural selection
b)
artificial selection
c)
speciation
d)
adaptation
18.
Which of the following means "change over time"
a)
natural selection
b)
speciation
c)
evolution
d)
isolation
19.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
theories
b)
variations
c)
adaptations
d)
genes
20.
___ are mistakes in the DNA that cause variation within a species.
a)
mutations
b)
adaptations
c)
speciations
d)
isolations
21.
A type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing an offspring 
a)
Asexual Reproduction
b)
Sexual Reproduction
22.
All of the offspring of an organism have the same genetic material, which is identical to the parent organism. From this, we can conclude that this organism -
a)
makes its own food
b)
is unicellular
c)
live in a marine habitat
d)
reproduces asexually
23.
Which is a type of Asexual Reproduction
a)
Sexual 
b)
Binary fission
c)
Cells 
d)
organism 
24.
What are some of the facts about asexual reproduction?
a)
Takes only one mate to reproduce and takes a longer time to reproduce
b)
Takes a shorter amount of time to reproduce and it takes two mates to reproduce
c)
Reproduces diverse offspring and takes a longer time to reproduce
d)
Takes only one mate to reproduce and takes a shorter time to reproduce
25.
What are some of the facts about sexual reproduction?
a)
Takes two mates to reproduce and takes a longer time to reproduce
b)
Takes one mate to reproduce and takes a shorter amount of time to reproduce
c)
Takes two mates to reproduce and takes a shorter amount of time to reproduce
d)
Takes one mate to reproduce and takes a shorter amount of time to reproduce
26.
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
a)
Allows genetic variation
b)
Only needs one parent
c)
Happens very quickly
d)
Offspring are exact copies of parent
27.
What is one disadvantage of sexual reproduction?
a)
Only one parent needed
b)
Off spring are exact copies of parents
c)
Happens very quickly
d)
Needs two parents
28.
When a starfish grows a new body off a broken arm, what kind of reproduction is this?
a)
Sexual
b)
Differentiation
c)
Asexual 
d)
Specialization
29.
Sexual reproduction requires _____ parents and asexual reproduction requires ___ parents
a)
1,1
b)
2,2
c)
2,1
d)
1,2 
30.
What type of asexual reproduction is taking place?
Fishermen work hard to catch and remove all the starfish that get into their favorite shell fishing beds and the “underwater farms” where they raise clams and oysters. In the past, they put the starfish into their boats, cut them up with knives, and then throw the pieces of starfish overboard. They thought this would kill the starfish. What they did not know was that each piece of starfish will grow into a whole new animal.
a)
Regeneration
b)
Vegetative propagation
c)
Budding
d)
Fission
31.
This is when a new organism grows by cell division on the body of its parent. The bud, or offspring is identical to the parent. The bud, when large enough, can break off of the parent and live on its own.  Examples of this include yeast, hydra and potatoes.
 
a)
Regeneration
b)
Vegetative propagation
c)
Fission
d)
Budding
32.
In asexual reproduction, all of the offspring are:
a)
Physically Identical
b)
Genetically Identical
c)
Physically and Genetically Identical
d)
Not Identical
33.
If an environment suddenly changes, which type of reproduction would be most beneficial? Why?
a)
Asexual, because asexual organisms always have variation within species.
b)
Sexual, because sexual organisms have variation within species.
c)
Both Asexual and Sexual reproduction would be beneficial, because they both have variation within species.
d)
Asexual, because asexual organisms have no variation, so they can adapt to a changing environment.
34.
The offspring from asexually reproduced organisms are?
a)
Different than their parents
b)
Identical to parents
c)
Like a combination from both parents
d)
A different species
35.
If two organisms reproduce sexually, then their offspring will exhibit a genetic makeup that is -
a)
identical to only one parent
b)
identical to all of its siblings
c)
a unique combination of traits
d)
the recessive traits of each parent
36.
Organism produces offspring without fertilization 
a)
Sexual Reproduction 
b)
Asexual Reproduction 
37.
Survival of the Fittest and Evolution were proposed by what scientist?
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Albert Einstein
c)
Steven Hawking
d)
Isaac Newton
38.
When every organism of a species has died.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artificial Selection
39.
Where the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artifical Selection
40.
What are the most studied animals in the galapagos?
a)
Finches
b)
Tortoises
c)
Turtles
d)
Lizards
41.
What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?
a)
To look different from other species.
b)
To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.
c)
To protect itself against predators.
d)
To protect itself against prey.
42.
The theory of evolution by natural selection means that what is changing over time?
a)
The inherited traits of a population.
b)
The acquired traits of a population.
c)
Hair color and eye color
d)
Attractive features.
43.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
44.
Mutations are a change in what?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
genotype
d)
phenotype
45.
Which is not an example of an adaptation?
a)
A bird's beak allows it to crack open hard nuts.
b)
A zebra's stripes allow it to confuse its predators.
c)
A frog's large hind legs allow it to jump from danger.
d)
A cat sleeps on the sofa to avoid the vacuum cleaner.
46.
Which of the following is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring?
a)
individual
b)
population
c)
species
d)
fossil
47.
What is it called when better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to their offspring.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artifical Selection
48.
When there is higher biodiversity
a)
more organisms are likely to die because they can't adapt to environmental changes.
b)
there is less diversity.
c)
there is more diversity and higher sustainability of life.
d)
there is more diversity and lower sustainability of life
49.
A small marine area has phytoplankton as its only producer.  Should the marine biologist be concerned about this ecosystem?
a)
No the fish do not need the phytoplanton. Since there are so many fish, there is high biodiversity.
b)
Yes, this ecosystem has low biodiversity.  Without a producer the herbivores will die out leaving no food.
c)
Yes, this system has high biodiversity; however the fish can adapt and get food from another source.
d)
Yes, the fish will overate to get all of the phytoplankton that is left, then they will die.
50.
How do biodiversity and sustainability work together?
a)
The lower the biodiversity the greater the sustainability.
b)
The higher the biodiversity, the less sustainable the ecosystem
c)
The higher the biodiversity, the greater the sustainability.
d)
Biodiversity has nothing to do with sustainability.
51.
High biodiversity is 
a)
having a lot of the same organism.
b)
having a few of the same organism.
c)
having a lot of variety of different organisms.
d)
only having one of each organism. 
52.
Different biomes support different varieties of organisms.  Think of a desert biome.  In this environment you will see organisms that have adapted to the heat and low availability of water, such as a cacti, mouse or rattle snake.  In which biome would you find an animal that has padding on its feet, white fur?
a)
Desert
b)
Tundra
c)
Forest 
d)
Savannah
53.
An organism has 
*  long legs
*  no fur on it belly
*  hunts at night (nocturnal)
In what biome would we find this organism?
a)
Grassland
b)
Desert
c)
Tundra
d)
Forest
54.
This organism has a special adaptation that allows it to absorb oxygen.  Where would you see this organism?
a)
Desert, where there is little water and hot temperatures.
b)
Tundra, where the animal lives at high altitudes and there is less breathable oxygen.
c)
Marine, Salt water or fresh waster where the oxygen must be absorbed from the water.
d)
All organisms have this adaptation.
55.

A student walks the schoolyard and observes that there are many living things such as different plants and animals. She notices that moss grows in moist shady areas but did not see any in the open yard where its sunny. What is the best explanation for her observation?

a)

Different habitats support different plants and animals

b)

All plants and animals can live in any environment

c)

Schoolyards are not able to sustain living things

d)

Schoolyards are the only places where moss can grow.

56.

Which plants would most likely be found in a rain forest?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

57.

What is one important way the arctic fox is adapted to its environment?

a)

its strong paws help it climb trees

b)

Its small size helps the fox hide below forest plants

c)

Its white fur helps the fox stand out to other animals

d)

its small ears and nose help slow the fox's heat loss in a cold climate

58.

Which of the following factors determines a biome's identity

a)

the climate that exists there

b)

the number of people who live there

c)

the amount of pollution that occurs there

d)

the types of activities that can be done there

59.
What is the order of succession shown in this figure?
a)
A, B, C, D
b)
B, A, D, C
c)
C, D, A, B
d)
D, A, B, C
60.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
ecological succession
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
61.
The picture shows what type of succession?
a)
primary
b)
secondary
62.
The picture shows what type of succession?
a)
primary
b)
secondary
63.
What are examples of pioneer species in a primary succession?
a)
Bushes and Shrubs
b)
Oak trees
c)
Mosses and Lichens 
d)
A rose Bush
64.
After a volcanic eruption, lava covers the land. What is the order that plants grow to repopulate the area?
a)
Lichens → Shrubs → Grasses → Trees
b)
Lichens → tree → shrubs→Grasses
c)
Grasses → Lichens → Shrubs → Trees
d)
Lichens → Grasses → Shrubs → Trees
65.
What is the correct order from oldest (happened first) to youngest (happened last) in this pond succession?
a)
A, B, C, D
b)
D, C, B, A
c)
B, A, D, C
d)
C, D, A, B
66.
In which type of succession is soil is already present?
a)
primary succession 
b)
secondary succession
c)
both types of succession
67.
What is the first species you will see after a primary succession?
a)
lichens
b)
grasses
c)
small plants
68.
This is an example of...
a)
Secondary Succession
b)
Primary succession
c)
Utter and complete destruction! RAWR!
d)
Climax Communities
69.
A pioneer species is...
a)
a large organism
b)
the first organisms to adapt to a new environment 
c)
The best organism 
d)
Abiotic organisms 
70.
What is the most important function of pioneer species?
a)
To create rocks
b)
To create soil and add nutrients to the environment 
c)
To look nice
d)
Food for animals 
71.
Which of the following organisms is a herbivore.
a)
butterfly
b)
snake
c)
fox
d)
ladybird
72.

Which of the following organisms is a carnivore.

a)

greenfly

b)

plant

c)

mouse

d)

buzzard

73.
The owl receives energy from which organisms?
a)
grasshopper and mouse
b)
mouse and rabbit
c)
rabbit and butterfly
d)
butterfly and frog
74.
Name the producers in this food web.
a)
seagull and fish
b)
penguin and crab
c)
phytoplankton and seaweed
d)
seaweed and zooplankton
75.
How many predators does the squid have?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
76.
Which consumer receives energy from the leopard seal?
a)
blue whale
b)
penguin
c)
killer whale
d)
elephant seal
77.
What type of consumer is the wolf?
a)
herbivore
b)
omnivore
c)
carnivore
d)
decomposer
78.
What is a producer?
a)
an organism that gets energy from eating other organisms
b)
an organisms that uses sunlight to make its own food
c)
an organism that gets energy from eating dead organisms, non-living material or waste
d)
an organism that uses chemical energy to make its own food
79.
An organism that gets energy from eating other organisms is a ______________.
a)
producer
b)
consumer
c)
decomposer
d)
prey
80.
An animal that is hunted and eaten for food is a __________.
a)
predator
b)
prey
c)
population
81.
An organism that gets energy from breaking down dead organisms, non-living material or waste is a(an) ___________.
a)
producer
b)
consumer
c)
decomposer
d)
autotroph
82.
The shrew provides energy for the _______.
a)
cricket
b)
grasshopper
c)
frog
d)
snake
83.
A connection of food chains with many food energy paths in an ecosystem is a ____________.
a)
ecosystem
b)
food web
c)
environment
d)
population
84.
What does a food chain represent?
a)
How all living organisms within a habitat are connected.
b)
All of the things that a particular animal eats.
c)
How plants create their own food.
d)
A single path of energy transfer within a habitat.
85.
What does every food chain start with?
a)
producers
b)
sun
c)
consumer
d)
decomposers
86.
How many carnivores are shown in this food web?
a)
6
b)
4
c)
5
d)
3
87.
A consumer that hunts is called:
a)
a producer.
b)
an omnivore.
c)
a predator.
d)
a herbivore.
88.

What would happen to the bird if the green fish died out?

a)

the bird population would grow

b)

the bird population would die out

c)

the smaller fish will die out

89.

What is the bottom layer of the an energy pyramid?

a)

producer

b)

tertiary consumer

c)

Secondary consumer

d)

primary consumer

90.

the top layer of an energy pyramid a primary consumer?

a)

true

b)

false

91.

What does an energy pyramid show?

a)

Energy flow in a community

b)

Longest lifespans

c)

The stronger animal the higher it is on the pyramid

92.

What would happen if their were no producers?

a)

Every population would grow larger

b)

Everything would die out

c)

The animals would make their own food

93.

decomposers are producers.

a)

true

b)

false

94.

A cheetah can be a primary, secondary, tertiary consumers.

a)

yes

b)

No

95.

What amount of percentage does the energy decrease as it goes up the pyramid?

a)

100%

b)

1000%

c)

10%

d)

1%

96.

Does the energy get lower or higher when it is transferred through each animal?

a)

It gets higher

b)

It gets lower

97.

How does the energy flow in an energy pyramids?

a)

up the pyramid

b)

down the pyramid

98.
What part of trees, grass, or other plant holds soil in place to prevent erosion?
a)
flowers
b)
trunk or stem
c)
roots
d)
leaves
99.
Smooth, shiny rocks that have tumbled along the river bottom have been rounded and polished by
a)
water abrasion 
b)
wind abrasion
c)
chemical weathering
d)
ice wedging
100.
Plants usually break open small cracks in rocks with their
a)
seeds
b)
roots
c)
branches
d)
pollen
101.
Which  could contribute to acid precipitation (acid rain)?
a)
abrasion and all forms of oxidation
b)
root wedging and animal burrowing
c)
hurricanes and tornadoes
d)
volcanoes and burning fossil fuels
102.
U shaped valleys are formed by
a)
rivers
b)
glaciers
c)
wind
d)
human activity
103.

The process by which rock and soil are moved from one place to another is called-

a)

Chemical weatherin

b)

Erosion

c)

Mechanical weathering

d)

Deosition

104.

The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Exfoliation

105.

This type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.

a)

Chemical weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Mechanical weathering

d)

Deposition

106.

What do we call the process in which rock is broken down by changes in its chemical makeup.

a)

Chemical weathering

b)

Mechanical weathering

c)

Erosion

d)

Deposition

107.

The grinding/scratching away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind

a)

Frost wedging

b)

Exfoliation

c)

Oxidation

d)

Abrasion

108.

The image above depicts the effects of chemical weathering breaking down limestone. Which type of chemical weathering causes this reaction?

a)

Acid rain

b)

Oxidation

c)

Exfoliation

d)

Abrasion

109.

Over millions of years, the shape of mountains on Earth's surface can change to low hills and then rolling plains. These changes are most likely caused by-

a)

Folding and faulting

b)

Volcanoes and Earthquakes

c)

Human activity

d)

Weathering and Erosion

110.

A student wanted to demonstrate weathering and erosion. The student put the same number/size of rocks into 2 tin cans, then added a small amount of water to both cans. Can A was shaken at a constant rate for 15 minutes, and can B was shaken for 60 minutes. The student then drained out all of the water and placed the rocks on the desk to observe. What is the best prediction of how how the rocks will look after this experiment?

a)

The rocks in can B will become larger and rounder than can A

b)

The rocks in can B will become smaller and rounder than can A

c)

The rocks in can A will become smaller and rounder than can B

d)

The rocks in can A will become Larger and rounder than can B

111.

Which type of sediment does wind erosion most strongly affect?

a)

Loose, sandy soil

b)

Wet rocks

c)

Wet, compacted soil

d)

Dry, compacted soil

112.

Which of the following agents is the usually responsible for the formation of canyons?

a)

Gravity pulling

b)

Wind blowing

c)

Flowing water

d)

Glaciers moving

113.

The tallest sand dunes in North America are found in Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in Colorado. These dunes were formed from the sand at the bottom of a dry lake bed. Which of the following agents is most likely responsible for the formation of the sand dunes?

a)

Wind

b)

Water

c)

Ice

d)

Gravity

114.
Which catastrophic event will most likely have the effect of returning an ecosystem to primary succession?
a)
A tornado
b)
A volcanic eruption
c)
A flood
d)
A drought
115.
Which of the following describes large areas of ground that fall or flow on slopes due to gravity?
a)
floods
b)
hurricanes
c)
landslides
d)
wildfires
116.
Where are hurricanes most likely to do the most damage?
a)
Near the coast
b)
In the forest
c)
In a desert
d)
On the North Pole
117.
What catastrophic event would be of greatest risk to a grassland?
a)
hurricane
b)
flood
c)
tsunami
d)
wildfire
118.
What catastrophic event results in destruction along a narrow path?
a)
a volcanic eruption
b)
a tsunami
c)
a hurricane
d)
a tornado
119.
How are tsunamis generated?
a)
generated from earthquakes
b)
generated from tornadoes
c)
generated from crazy people
120.
A prolonged period lacking rainfall that leads to a shortage of water.
It hadn't rained for three months straight and the _________ began to kill our crops. 
a)
Forest Fire
b)
Epidemic
c)
Heatwave
d)
Drought
121.
Which of the following natural disasters have had the LEAST impact on TEXAS
a)
hurricanes
b)
floods
c)
tornadoes
d)
earthquakes
122.
Which of the following natural disasters have the MOST impact on TEXAS?
a)
hurricanes
b)
floods
c)
tornadoes
d)
earthquakes
123.

Water that stands or flows across the Earth’s surface.

a)

Groundwater

b)

Surface water

c)

Runoff

d)

Divide

124.
Water stored below the Earth's surface is called:
a)
Groundwater
b)
Bogs
c)
Water in the ground
125.
An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water?
a)
Reservoir
b)
Aquifer
c)
Groundwater
d)
Watershed
126.

What is all of the land area whose water drains into a stream system?

a)

Runoff

b)

Watershed

c)

Divide

d)

Suspension

127.
The measure of how easily water can flow through an aquifer. 
a)
porosity
b)
permeability
c)
gradient
d)
divide
128.
The top boundary of the zone of saturation in an aquifer which can fluctuate based on precipitation and the amount of draw from wells
a)
aquifer
b)
water table
c)
watershed
d)
drainage system
129.
What do all the sources of groundwater contamination shown have in common?
a)
caused by humans so it is preventable
b)
naturally occurring so it cannot be prevented
130.

Protects life on Earth from harmful particles from solar winds.

a)

distance from the sun

b)

magnetic field

c)

atmosphere

d)

water

131.

Keeps Earth's temperature stable and cool.

a)

distance from the sun

b)

magnetic field

c)

atmosphere

d)

water

132.

Is necessary for life as we know it.

a)

distance from the sun

b)

magnetic field

c)

atmosphere

d)

water

133.

Affects temperature of a planet.

a)

distance from the sun

b)

magnetic field

c)

atmosphere

d)

water

134.

Earth's _____ helps protect life from ultraviolet radiation.

a)

water

b)

oxygen

c)

ozone layer

d)

ice

135.

Earth's atmosphere is mostly made up of the gases _____ and _____.

a)

water and ice

b)

atmosphere and ozone layer

c)

oxygen and nitrogen

d)

oxygen and water

136.

If Earth were much smaller than it is now, it would not support life because it would not have enough mass to -

a)

collect needed radiant energy from the Sun

b)

maintain a gravitational pull on the Moon

c)

have sufficient gravity to hold an atmosphere

d)

rotate on its axis

137.

Ozone contributes to supporting life on earth by blocking -

a)

ultraviolet light

b)

water vapor

c)

helium ions

d)

atmospheric heat

138.

Which of the following accommodations on the space station is used by astronauts to combat the effects of microgravity on their bones?

a)

special handles

b)

Velcro straps

c)

Exercise equipment

d)

oxygen system

139.

Space stations require an oxygen system because the atmosphere in space -

a)

is airless

b)

is poisonous

c)

smells bad

d)

is humid

140.

Radios are not required for astronauts to talk to each other when they are in the same room inside the space station because -

a)

the space station is filled with air that carries sound waves

b)

astronauts keep their helmets on inside the space station

c)

computers are used to communicate inside the station

d)

astronauts communicate with sign language inside the station

141.

Astronauts wear thick gloves when they perform a space walk outside the space station. The gloves provide protection against -

a)

low gravity

b)

nearby comets

c)

low oxygen

d)

low temperatures

142.

Spacesuits have layers that have high capacity for thermal insulation in order to -

a)

regulate body temperature in the extremes of space

b)

prevent the spread of bacteria that thrive in space

c)

allow communication with the space station

d)

prevent the astronaut from sweating inside the suit

143.

What design element of an astronaut's spacesuit protects him or her from micrometeoroids, which are tiny bits of space debris travelling at high speeds?

a)

large oxygen tank

b)

powerful jet pack

c)

small radio communicator

d)

tough outer shell

144.

How do astronauts counteract the effects of microgravity on their bones while they are in space?

a)

monitor sensors outside the space station

b)

consume twice as many calories as normal

c)

use exercise equipment on the space station

d)

breathe at a faster rate than normal

145.

The protective gear that protects astronauts from the cold, airless environment of space.

a)

space station

b)

space suit

c)

accommodations

d)

instruments

146.

A man-made laboratory that is placed in space for research.

a)

space station

b)

space suit

c)

accommodations

d)

instruments