All of the metabolic wastes are excreted as water soluble solutes by the kidneys.

Carbon dioxide is considered metabolic waste and is excreted though the lungs.

Nitrogenous wastes are produced from the breakdown of nitrogen-containing compounds like amino acids and nucleotides.

In humans, the main nitrogenous waste produced is ____.

_____________ is the first step of urine formation; water and certain dissolved substances are filtered out of capillaries into a glomerular capsule.

_____________ is the second step of urine formation; substances move from the tubular fluid back into the blood.

_____________ is the third step of urine formation; substances move from the blood into the fluid of the renal tubule

What is the name of the process within the kidney where high pressure forces fluids (water) and dissolved substances (salt, urea, nutrients) through the walls of the capillaries of the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.

What is the name of the process where water, salts and nutrients move by diffusion or active transport from the Loop of Henle into the surrounding capillaries.

Name the process in the kidney where excess ions and chemicals (e.g drugs) are secreted from surrounding capillaries into the tubule.

The plasma that is filtered by all of the glomeruli in both kidneys as a function of time is called the glomerular filtration rate.

The ___________mechanism is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow within the blood vessel constant.

____________is an adaptive mechanism that links the rate of glomerular filtration to the concentration of salt in the tubule fluid at the macula densa. A high [NaCl] and reabsorption rate at this site causes contraction of the afferent arteriole and a reduction in GFR.

The __________ is responsible for contraction of the urinary bladder during micturition.

Why is the external urinary sphincter under conscious control?

Voluntary micturition

The urge to urinate results from the ____________.

Name the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidney

Name structure A

Name Structure B

Name structure C

Name structure D

Name structure E

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a specialized structure formed by the distal convoluted tubule and the glomerular afferent arteriole. It is located near the vascular pole of the glomerulus and its main function is to regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus.

Which word should be in number 5?

Which word should be in number 7?

Which word should be in number 9?

Which word should be in number 11?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone secreted from the right _________in response to atrial stretch from hypervolemia as well as in response to ___________.