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New Path Learning Quiz: Unit I (Biochemistry) and Unit II (Cell Structure)

Total questions: 111

Worksheet time: 3hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which major macromolecule is being represented in this image? 
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
2.
Which of the following contains the genetic code for protein synthesis?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
3.
What type of macromolecule is being represented in this image? 
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
4.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
a)
amino acid
b)
fatty acid
c)
nucleotide
d)
lipid
5.
What are the single sugars that are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
a)
monosaccharides
b)
disaccharides
c)
polysaccharides
d)
amino acid
6.
Why are lipids insoluble in water?  
a)
lipids are polar
b)
lipids are non-polar
c)
lipids have a negative charge
d)
lipids are building blocks of protiens
7.
Glycerol and fatty acids combine to form...?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
8.
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are elements in what biomolecule?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic acid
9.
Important to the structural integrity of plant cells, this is the single most popular polysaccharide in the world.
a)
Starch
b)
Glycogen
c)
Cellulose
d)
Chitin
10.
Which of the following examples would represent negative feedback?
a)
a)As carbon dioxide levels rise in the blood of a mammal, the rate of breathing increases, leading to a decrease in blood levels of carbon dioxide.
b)
a)As global temperatures rise, more ice melts, leading to greater planetary absorption of sunlight and additional temperature increase.
c)
a)The speed of a racehorse decreases after running a mile.
d)
a)The metabolic rate and energy consumption of grizzly bears decreases during hibernation.
11.
Water has an unusually high specific heat. This is directly related to which one of the following?
a)
a)At its boiling point, water changes from liquid to vapor.
b)
a)More heat is required to raise the temperature of water.
c)
a)Ice floats in liquid water.
d)
a)Salt water freezes at a lower temperature than pure water.
12.
Which of the following explains what is happening when sodium chloride dissolves in water?
a)
a)More hydrogen bonds are forming between water molecules.
b)
a)Sodium and chloride atoms are separating from one another.
c)
a)Hydration shells are forming around the sodium and chloride ions.
d)
a)Nonpolar substances are mixing with polar substances.
13.
In humans, blood pH is around 7.4, and a decrease in blood pH to 6.4 would be fatal. A drop by 1 pH unit represents which of these?
a)
a)1/10 as many H+ ions in the solution
b)
1/7 as many H+ ions in the solution
c)
a)1 time as many H+ ions in the solution
d)
a)ten times as many H+ ions in the solution
14.
Based on carbon’s valence (4), how many different molecular shapes can be made from 6 carbons?
a)
less than 4
b)
exactly 4
c)
less than 6
d)
more than 6
15.

The sickle cell hemoglobin mutation alters what level(s) of protein structure?

a)

Primary

b)

tertiary

c)

quarternary

d)

all of the above

e)

primary and tertiary structures only

16.

Identify

a)

Triglyceride

b)

Glucose

c)

Nucleotide

d)

Amino Acid

17.

Identify the biomolecule

a)

monosaccharide

b)

disaccharide

c)

polysaccharide

d)

glycogen

18.

Which of these organelles are absent in plant cells?

a)

mitochondria

b)

flagellum

c)

chloroplast

d)

peroxisomes

e)

2 of the above are absent in plant cells

19.

A membrane protein synthesized in the rough ER may be directed to

a)

peroxisomes

b)

lysosomes

c)

mitochondria

d)

nucleolus

e)

all of the above

20.

Brefeldin A is a drug that disrupts transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. What other organelles and membranes are affected?

a)

lysosomes, vesicles, plasma membrane

b)

lysosomes, peroxisomes, plasma membrane

c)

vacuoles, mitochondria, plasma membrane

d)

lysosomes, vacuoles, nuclear membrane

e)

all intracellular organelles in the cytoplasm

21.

An animal cell membrane will be more fluid at room temperature if it contains

a)

more cholesterol

b)

longer saturated fatty acids

c)

more polyunsaturated fatty acids

d)

more steroids

e)

more phospholipids

22.

Which of the following molecules will diffuse most quickly across a lipid bilayer membrane?

a)

hemoglobin

b)

nitrogen gas

c)

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

d)

chitin

e)

Sodium ion (Na+)

23.

If a marine algal cell is suddenly transferred from seawater to freshwater, the algal cell will initially

a)

lose water and decrease in volume.

b)

stay the same: neither absorb nor lose water.

c)

absorb water and increase in volume

d)

absorb water and burst

e)

lose water and plasmolyze

24.

Which of the curves below illustrates uptake of nitrous oxide into the cell, if nitrous oxide diffuses passively across the membrane?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

A and C

e)

A, B or C

25.
Statement: When an ionic compound such as sodium chloride (table salt) is placed in water, as shown in the figure above, water molecules surround and separate the positive and negative charge.
Question: What happens to the Sodium ions and Chloride ions in the solution?
a)
Both Sodium and Chloride ions dissolve in water  
b)
Both Sodium and Chloride ions are destroyed  
c)
Both Sodium and Chloride ions hide temporarily   Option 3 (optional)
d)
  The Sodium ions are destroyed, the Chloride ions hide temporarily  
26.
Question:  What does it mean when a molecule is said to be “polar”?
a)
The molecule has tendency to absorb a lot of heat, therefore it remains 'cold' easily
b)
The molecule has an even distribution of charges, all parts are positive
c)
The molecule has an even distribution of charges, all parts are negative
d)
The molecule has an uneven distribution of charges, some parts are positive while others are negative
27.
According to the figure, A hydrogen bond can form between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and which atom of another molecule?
a)
Carbon
b)
Hydrogen
c)
Oxygen
d)
Sodium
28.
According to the figure above, polar molecules such as water have
a)
no negative or positive poles.
b)
both negative and positive poles.
c)
only a negative pole.
d)
only a positive pole.
29.
Reading Passage: The molecules on the surface of the water are not surrounded by similar molecules on all sides, so they're being pulled only by cohesion from other molecules deep inside. These molecules cohere to each other strongly but adhere to the other medium weakly. One example of this is the way that water beads up on waxy surfaces, such as leaves or waxed cars. Yet, it is hard to break through the surface of liquid water.Question: The reason that small insects such as water striders can walk on liquid water is due to water's
a)
Low Specific Heat
b)
High Specific Heat
c)
High Surface Tension
d)
Low Surface Tension
30.
Reading Passage: Water molecules have unusual chemical and physical properties. Water can exist in all three states of matter at the same time: liquid, gas, and solid.  Imagine that you’re sitting in your hot tub (filled with liquid water) watching the steam (gas) rise from the surface as you enjoy a cold drink from a glass filled with ice (solid) cubes. Very few other chemical substances can exist in all these physical states in this close of a temperature range. It is no wonder why water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life.Question: Which of the following properties of water enables water molecules to stick to one another?
a)
Water expands as it freezes.
b)
Water is an excellent solvent.
c)
Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
d)
Water is able to moderate temperature.
31.
Statement: Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. Water can absorb a large amount of energy without a large rise in temperature.Question: This is called _________________. As the sun shines on bodies of water, they absorb great amounts of its energy without a large fluctuation in temperature.
a)
an acid.
b)
versatile solvent.
c)
high heat capacity.
d)
buffer.
32.
Reading Passage: Polar ice caps are dome-shaped sheets of ice found near the North and South Poles. They form because high-latitude polar regions receive less heat from the sun than other areas on Earth. As a result, average temperatures at the poles can be very cold. The polar ice caps contain the majority of Earth’s supply of freshwater. In fact, scientists estimate that 70 percent of Earth’s freshwater supply remains in an ice sheet at the South Pole.Question: Why does ice stay at the top of oceans instead of sinking to the bottom?
a)
Ice is colder than liquid water.
b)
Solid ice is less dense than liquid water.
c)
Solid ice is more dense than liquid water.
d)
Ice is warmer than liquid water.
33.
Question: Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent?
a)
purity
b)
polarity and cohesion
c)
high heat capacity
d)
expansion upon freezing
34.

The figure above depicts a eukaryotic cell. Which number corresponds to the cell membrane?

a)

3

b)

6

c)

8

d)

14

35.

The figure above depicts a eukaryotic cell. Which number corresponds to the ribosome?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

10

d)

5

36.

The figure above depicts a eukaryotic cell. Which number corresponds to the nucleus?

a)

2

b)

1

c)

3

d)

14

37.

The figure above depicts a eukaryotic cell. Which number corresponds to the mitochondria?

a)

9

b)

10

c)

12

d)

13

38.

The figure above depicts a eukaryotic cell. Which number corresponds to the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum respectively?

a)

8 and 3

b)

3 and 5

c)

5 and 8

d)

8 and 5

39.

The figure above depicts a eukaryotic cell. Which number corresponds to the golgi apparatus?

a)

6

b)

8

c)

10

d)

12

40.

The figure above depicts a eukaryotic cell. Which number corresponds to the lysosome?

a)

10

b)

9

c)

3

d)

13

41.

The figure above depicts a eukaryotic plant cell. Which letter corresponds to the cell wall?

a)

H

b)

G

c)

K

d)

F

42.

The figure above depicts a eukaryotic plant cell. Which letter corresponds to the central vacuole?

a)

F

b)

B

c)

I

d)

A

43.

The figure above depicts a eukaryotic plant cell. Which letter corresponds to the chloroplast?

a)

I

b)

F

c)

L

d)

J

44.

Which type of transport is depicted in the above image? (be as specific as possible)

a)

Active transport

b)

Passive transport

c)

Diffusion

d)

Osmosis

45.

Which of the following statements involving diffusion is NOT true?

a)

Diffusion of water has a special name: osmosis

b)

Diffusion requires energy to take place

c)

Diffusion is a form of passive transport

d)

Facilitated diffusion uses assistive proteins to help move molecules across the membrane

46.

In the figure above, the solution that the cell is placed in is _________ compared to the cell.

a)

hypertonic

b)

hypotonic

c)

isotonic

d)

equal

47.

In the figure above, the solution that the cell is placed in is _________ compared to the cell.

a)

hypertonic

b)

hypotonic

c)

isotonic

d)

equal

48.
An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semipermeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table on the image shows the results of the investigation.
Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semipermeable membranes?
a)
Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.
b)
Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane.
c)
Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.
d)
Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes
49.
Question: Which means of particle transport is shown in the figure above?
a)
active transport
b)
facilitated diffusion
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
50.
Reading Passage: Osmosis and diffusion are of prime importance in living organisms, where they influence the distribution of nutrients and the release of metabolic waste products. If blood cells (or other cells) are placed in contact with an isotonic solution, they will neither shrink nor swell. If the solution is hypertonic, the cells will lose water and shrink (plasmolyze). If the solution is hypotonic (or if pure solvent is used) the cells will swell; the osmotic pressure that is developed may even be great enough to rupture the cell membrane. Saltwater from the ocean is hypertonic to the cells of the human body; the drinking of ocean water dehydrates body tissues instead of quenching thirst.Question: An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes
a)
water to move into the cell.
b)
solutes to move out of the cell.
c)
solutes to move into the cell.
d)
water to move out of the cell.
51.
During diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will reach dynamic equilibrium and ...
a)
stop moving across the membrane.
b)
move across the membrane to the outside of the cell.
c)
move across the membrane to the inside of the cell.
d)
continue to move across the membrane in both directions.
52.
Question: Refer to the illustration above. Which cell is most likely to lose both water molecules and solute molecules as the system approaches equilibrium?
a)
Cell 1
b)
Cell 2
c)
Cell 3
d)
Cell 4
53.
Question: Refer to the illustration above. In this system, solute molecules in cell 2 are most likely to
a)
remain in cell 2.
b)
adhere to cell 2’s membrane.
c)
diffuse into cell 1.
d)
diffuse into cell 4.
54.
Question: Refer to the illustration above. In which direction are water molecules in this system most likely to diffuse?
a)
from 1 to 2
b)
from 2 to 4
c)
from 4 to 3
d)
from 3 to 1
55.
Question: The dispersal of ink in a beaker of water is an example of
a)
diffusion.
b)
osmosis.
c)
active transport.
d)
endocytosis.
56.
As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances
a)
always remains greater inside a membrane.
b)
eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane.
c)
always remains greater on the outside of a membrane.
d)
becomes imbalanced on both sides of a membrane.
57.
Diffusion takes place
a)
only through a lipid bilayer membrane.
b)
from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
c)
only in liquids.
d)
from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
58.
Refer to the illustration above. The process shown is called
a)
osmosis.
b)
facilitated diffusion.
c)
active transport.
d)
diffusion.
59.
Question: Ridding the cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell surface is called
a)
pinocytosis.
b)
phagocytosisphagocytosis
c)
exocytosis.
d)
endocytosis.
60.
Question: Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by
a)
osmosis.
b)
endocytosis.
c)
lipid carriers.
d)
diffusion.
61.
A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the plant cell?
a)
It will swell but not burst
b)
It will shrink.
c)
it will swell and burst
d)
It will wilt and plasmolyze
62.
Question: Algal cells are placed in an isotonic solution. Additional amounts of solutes are slowly added to the solution. What happens to the cells?
a)
They will begin to swell.
b)
They will burst.
c)
They will stay the same.
d)
They will shrink.
63.
Question: Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane (as shown in the figure above) against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell?
a)
passive transport by diffusion
b)
active transport using ATP (energy)
c)
passive transport by osmosis
d)
phagocytosis
64.
Reading Passage: An osmosis investigation was conducted using 20 chicken eggs to represent cells with semipermeable membranes.
The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. The eggs were then transferred to corn syrup for 24 hours and then to distilled water for 24 hours. The mass of each egg was measured before and after each soaking to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The table below shows the average mass of the eggs at each step of the investigation:

Question: Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semipermeable membranes?
a)
Question: Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semipermeable Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.
b)
Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.
c)
Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.
d)
Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes.
65.
Which solution is hypertonic to the interior of the cell?
a)
10% salt
b)
2% salt
c)
30% salt
d)
none of these
66.
Which solution is hypotonic to the interior of the cell?
a)
10% salt
b)
2% salt
c)
30% salt
d)
none of these
67.
A solution that has a higher concentration of solute than the inside of a cell is considered to be 
a)
hypertonic
b)
hypotonic
c)
isotonic
d)
merotonic
68.
If oxygen has a stronger pull on electrons than hydrogen then oxygen has
a)
a lower electronegativity
b)
a higher electronegativity
69.
Which type of bond results in partial charges on the atoms involved?
a)
polar covalent
b)
nonpolar covalent
c)
ionic
d)
hydrogen
70.
Pumping a molecule from where it is low in concentration to where it is high involves
a)
facilitated diffusion
b)
simple diffusion
c)
osmosis
d)
active transport
71.
If a molecule of salt can cross the membrane down its concentration gradient by traveling through a protein, this is
a)
facilitated diffusion
b)
active transport
c)
simple diffusion
d)
osmosis
72.
The variable that is controlled by the researcher in an experiment is the
a)
independent variable
b)
dependent variable
c)
constant
73.
If a particular factor is to remain the same for all subjects in an experimental group (such as type of soil in a plant experiment) then this factor would be a
a)
independent variable
b)
dependent variable
c)
constant
74.
In diffusion
a)
molecules move from high to low concentration without energy input
b)
molecules move from low to high concentration without energy input
c)
molecules move from high to low concentration with energy input
d)
molecules move from high to low concentration without energy input
75.
If a plant cell is placed into a solution that causes water to move out of the cell and the plasma membrane to shrink away from the cell wall, it has been placed in a _____________and _____________has occurred
a)
hypotonic solution......crenation
b)
hypertonic solution....crenation
c)
hypotonic solution.....plasmolysis
d)
hypertonic solution.....plasmolysis
76.
When doing an experiment, the variable that is being measured to see how it is affected by what the researcher changes is called the
a)
independent variable
b)
dependent variable
c)
constant
77.
 Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below. The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane? 
a)
simple osmosis
b)
active transport
c)
simple diffusion
d)
facilitated diffusion
78.
Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell?
a)
passive transport by diffusion
b)
active transport using ATP 
c)
passive transport by osmosis
d)
 osmosis
79.
 Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below. The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane? 
a)
simple osmosis
b)
active transport
c)
simple diffusion
d)
facilitated diffusion
80.
 In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?
a)
cell membrane
b)
cell wall
c)
 mitochondrion
d)
nucleus
81.
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called 
a)
active transport
b)
facilitated diffusion
c)
osmosis
d)
phagocytosis
82.
During diffusion molecules tend to move 
a)
   up the concentration gradient
b)
 from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
c)
 in a direction that doesn’t depend on concentration
d)
 down the concentration gradient
83.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of _____ concentration to an ______ concentration
a)
High, low
b)
Low, high
c)
Low, low,
d)
High, high
84.
The cell below is in a _________ solution.
a)
Hypotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Isotonic
85.
What type of solution allows water to enter the plant cell?
a)
hypotonic solution
b)
hypertonic solution
c)
isotonic solution
d)
active transport
86.
Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
87.
All polymers are made up of...
a)
monosaccharides
b)
monomers
c)
proteins
d)
None of these
88.
Attractions between the negative Oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive Hydrogen atom of another water molecule are called
a)
Covalent bonds
b)
Ionic bonds
c)
Polar bonds
d)
Hydrogen bonds
89.

Which of the following statements is true?

a)

Water is transported actively against a concentration gradient.

b)

Water flows into the direction of the lowest water potential.

c)

Active transport is ATP-independent.

d)

Osmosis requires impermeable membranes.

90.

Assume that the “cell” below is permeable to sucrose, glucose, and water but impermeable to starch. Which of the following statements is correct?

a)

(A) Starch will diffuse into the cell.

b)

(B) Starch will diffuse out of the cell.

c)

(C) There will be no net movement of glucose

d)

(D) Glucose will diffuse into the cell

e)

(E) Sucrose will diffuse into the cell

91.

Assume the “cell” is permeable to water only. If the cell contains a 0.3 M solution of glucose and the environment contians a 0.1 M solution of glucose, which of the following statements would be true?

a)

(A) The cell will decrease in volume.

b)

(B) Glucose will enter the “cell.”

c)

(C) Pinocytosis will occur.

d)

(D) There would be a net movement of water into the “cell.”

e)

(E) There would be no net movement of water.

92.

If a cell with a solute potential of - 0.2 MPa and a pressure potential of 0.4 MPa is placed in a chamber filled with pure water that is pressurized with 0.5 MPa, what will happen?

a)

A)Water will flow out of the cell.

b)

B)Water will flow into the cell.

c)

C)The cell will be crushed.

d)

D)The cell will explode.

93.

You place a piece of potato weighing 0.3 gram with a water potential of 1 MPa in a beaker of Pepsi. After 10 minutes, you remove the potato piece, and it now weighs 0.25 gram. You conclude that

a)

a). Pepsi Cola has a water potential greater than 1 MPa.

b)

b). Pepsi Cola has a water potential of 0 MPa.

c)

c). Pepsi Cola has a water potential less than 1 MPa.

d)

d). Pepsi Cola does not have turgor pressure, and so you cannot conclude anything about its water potential.

94.

The sodium-potassium pump is an important component of cellular membranes. Based on this illustration, which statement is correct?

a)

a. This is an example of facilitated transport.

b)

b. Sodium is pumped into the cell.

c)

c. This is an example of active transport.

d)

d. Potassium moves with its concentration gradient.

95.

Active transport and facilitated transport differ in their mechanisms but are similar in that they both use transport proteins in the membrane. Which of the following is used by both types of transport?

a)

a. Channel protein

b)

b. Carrier protein

c)

c. Essential protein

d)

d. Peripheral protein

96.

An animal cell with a solute potential of -2.0 bar is placed into a solution with a solute potential of -1.5 bar. What is the net direction of water?

a)

a. Into the cell

b)

b. Out of the cell

c)

c. The cell is at equilibrium.

d)

d. Equal amounts of water move into and out of the cell.

97.
What is the approximate sucrose concentration in the potato core?
a)
.43 M
b)
.30 M
c)
0.0 M
d)
1.0 M
98.

Which of the following processes includes all the others?

a)

(A) osmosis

b)

(B) diffusion of a solute across a membrane

c)

(C) passive transport

d)

(D) transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient

99.

Which of the following processes includes all the others?

a)

(A) osmosis

b)

(B) diffusion of a solute across a membrane

c)

(C) passive transport

d)

(D) transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient

100.
The image below shows a polymer of glucose molecules. What type of macromolecule is this?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
protein
c)
lipid
d)
nucleic acid
101.
Larger polymers are formed when monomers are joined together by a _______ reaction.
a)
dehydration synthesis
b)
digestion
c)
hydrolysis
d)
redox
102.
What is the monomer of proteins?
a)
monosaccharides
b)
amino acids
c)
phospholipids
d)
nucleotide
103.
Identify the macromolecule in the image below.
a)
carbohydrate
b)
nucleic acid
c)
protein
d)
lipid
104.
The image depicts which level of structure in proteins?
a)
primary
b)
secondary
c)
tertiary
d)
quaternary
105.
Which kingdoms contain Eukaryotes?
a)
Bacteria and Archaea
b)
Bacteria and Animalia
c)
Fungi and Protista
d)
Archaea and Plantae
106.
Which type of lipid forms the primary structure of the cell membrane?
a)
triglycerides
b)
wax
c)
cholesterol
d)
phospholipid
107.

Which of the following is most closely related to the secondary structure of proteins?

a)

lipids

b)

peptide bonds

c)

alpha helix

d)

cellulose

108.

The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to a partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this type of attraction called?

a)

a polar covalent bond

b)

an ionic bond

c)

a hydration shell

d)

a hydrogen bond

109.

The tremendous variation and unique properties of proteins are most likely a result of

a)

interactions between R groups of the amino acids

b)

hydrogen bonds lining amino acids

c)

the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of the protein

d)

peptide bonds lining amino and carboxyl groups

110.

Water is an excellent solvent. Select the property that justifies this statement.

a)

as a polar molecule, it can surround and dissolve ionic and polar molecules

b)

it forms ionic bonds with ions, hydrogen bonds with polar molecules, and hydrophobic interactions with non polar molecules

c)

it forms hydrogen bonds with itself so cohesion is possible

d)

it is liquid and will adhere to many substances

111.
The element present in all organic molecules is
a)
Nitrogen
b)
Phosphorus
c)
Hydrogen
d)
Carbon

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