Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria of cells:

ATP stands for:

Bands of smooth muscle that constrict or dilate to allow things to pass through:

What percentage of body temperature is produced involuntarily by contractions of skeletal muscles (shivering)?

The ability of a muscle to respond to chemicals from nerve cells or hormones to create an action potential:

The ability of a muscle to return to the original shape after being stretched:

The ability of a muscle to shorten and lengthen:

The ability of a muscle to be stretched without damaging the tissue:

-Involuntary

-Striated

-Central nucleus

-Intercalated discs

-Found in the heart

-Voluntary

-Striated

-Attached to bones

-Nonstriated

-Involuntary

-Found in blood vessels, walls of GI tract and hollow organs

Contractile proteins of muscle:

Regulatory proteins of muscle:

What type of muscle is the arrestor pili muscle of hair follicles?

Alternating light and dark bands resulting from the arrangement of internal contractile proteins:

Connective tissue that surrounds the outside of the whole muscle, extends to form the tendon that attaches muscle to the periosteum:

Connective tissue that surrounds groups (fascicles) of 10-100 muscle cells:

Connective tissue that separates individual muscle cells:

Red colored protein that causes the red color of muscle: The more a muscle has, the more mitochondria it has and the more action it can handle.

Loose connective tissue and fat under the skin that provides cushion and protection:

Muscle growth is a result of cellular division.

Early muscle cells are called:

Dense irregular connective tissue around the muscle that allows for individual movement:

Muscle cell membrane:

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell filled with myofibrils (actin and myosin) and myoglobin:

These prefixes mean "muscle"

Invaginations of the sarcolemma that carry muscle action potentials down into the cell:

What part of the cell produces ATP?

Which myofilaments are thin?

Which myofilaments are thick?

Contractile elements that change position, not length:

Where is calcium stored when a muscle is relaxed?

Troponin and tropomyosin cover the myosin binding site on the actin molecule to allow the muscle to:

The axon of the motor neuron branches and synapses to approximately how many muscle cells?

One somatic neuron and the muscle cell that it stimulates makes up:

-Sensory neuron

-Moves TOWARD the central nervous system

-Motor neuron

-Moves AWAY from the central nervous system

An effector is:

Axons release:

Troponin and tropomyosin uncover the myosin binding site on the actin molecule to allow the muscle to:

When relaxation begins, what chemical breaks down acetylcholine?

The wasting away of muscles caused by disuse or severing of the nerve supply. Muscle turns to fat, cannot be reversed.

Energy (ATP) is NOT needed for a muscle to relax

-State of muscular rigidity that begins 3-4 hours after death

-Lasts about 24 hours

-Body has no energy. Not even enough energy to pump calcium back into storage (SR) for relaxation to occur. -Calcium continues to leak out causing a constant state of contraction

Toxin that causes botulism but is also used for botox because it blocks the release of neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction so muscle contraction cannot occur.

Sources of ATP production within the muscle:

At what age does skeletal muscle begin to be replaced by fat?

Anabolic steroids are testosterone based.

This method of energy production produces enough energy to sustain contraction for 15 seconds

This method of energy production provides energy for 30-40 seconds of maximal activity

This method of energy production provides 90% of the ATP energy if the activity lasts more than 10 minutes

Type of contraction in which no movement occurs at all, ie: maintaining posture

This type of contraction results in movement

Muscular Distrophies are X-linked diseases

Involuntary contraction of a single muscle:

Involuntary twitching of muscles normal under voluntary control such as eyelid or facial muscles

Involuntary, brief twitch of a motor unit visible under the skin:

Rhythmic, involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups:

Actin and myosin are arranged into compartments called ___________ and separated by ______________.