What are molecules?

What are biomolecules?

Organic compounds are biomolecules that contain, at the very least, which of the following elements?

Which are the four major groups of organic compounds (biomolecules) that we will be discussing?

'Mono' in the word monomer means

'Poly' in polymer means

Monomers are used by cells

Carbon atoms have how many valence shell electrons?

Because carbon has 4 valence shell electrons it can bond with other carbon atoms and/or at least ________ other atoms.

Covalent bonds are chemical bonds where atoms __________ electrons to become stable.

An Ionic bond is a type of chemical bond where atoms

Which of the following are the most important elements in living things?

Carbohydrates like glucose are the main source of ____________________ for virtually all living things.

What atoms make up most carbohydrate molecules?

Many carbohydrate names end in which 3 letters?

What is the monomer (building block) of carbohydrates called? Examples include glucose and fructose. Notice the ring structure.

How many sugar units (building blocks) make up a monosaccharide?

The simple sugar from fruit is called________________.

The scientific name for table sugar is ________________. This sugar is made from the sugar cane plant.

Two building blocks connected by a chemical bond make up sucrose. Which two building blocks make up the disaccharide sucrose?

The simple sugar in milk is _________________. This sugar provides energy to newborn animals. Some people cannot digest this type of sugar.

Notice that 5 building blocks make up this type of carbohydrate. What type of carbohydrate is this?

Which polysaccharide is used by plants to store energy?

What is the polysaccharide used by animals to store glucose? Energy is stored in liver and muscle cells.

Which polysaccharide is used by plants for structure?

Your body breaks down and digests most complex carbohydrates like starch into simple _________________ molecules.

What is a protein?

What is the monomer (building block) of proteins?

What elements make up proteins?

The diagram shows the structure of one amino acid. Which type of molecule is formed from the joining of many amino acids?

All proteins

Your body makes proteins that it needs. The instructions for making proteins is stored in your

What is a long chain of amino acids called?

What is an example of a food with lots of protein?

Hemoglobin is a protein that binds to oxygen and helps carry it in the blood and deliver it to other parts of the body. This is an example of what type of protein?

Antibodies protect the body from pathogens. What type of proteins are they considered?

Which of the following can cause protein to unravel (denature)? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

What is an example of protein denaturation?

Lipid molecules are made up of which atoms? Notice how the lipid looks like the letter 'E'.

Steroids are a type of lipid (testosterone and estrogen). Steroids have very neat ring-like structures. Steroids act as very powerful

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?

The building blocks (monomers) of lipids are called

Why are lipids good for long-term energy storage?

All cells on the planet have a protective barrier called the cell membrane that regulates what molecules can move into or out of the cell. The cell membrane is made up of

Which of the following is a characteristic of lipids?

Which specific lipid has the following characteristics:

1. Makes up the cell membrane

2. Has a polar, hydrophilic head

3. Has 2 non-polar, hydrophobic tails

Saturated fats (butter, lard) are _____________ at room temperature.

Unsaturated Fats are ____________________ at room temperature.

All of the following are high in healthy, unsaturated fats EXCEPT

What is the function of Nucleic Acids?

What are two examples of nucleic acids?

DNA stands for

RNA stands for

Nucleic Acids are polymers made from smaller building blocks (monomers) called

A nucleotide is a building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). A nucleotide has 3 main parts:

In DNA, the nucleotides (building blocks) have 3 parts:

In RNA, the nucleotides (building blocks) have 3 parts:

DNA is double-stranded (a double helix) while RNA is

While RNA molecules are found everywhere in the cell, DNA molecules are stored and protected in the cell's

In DNA, what makes up the backbone (sides of the "ladder") of the double helix?

In DNA, what makes up the "rungs" (middle) of the double helix?

In DNA, Adenine bonds with __________ and Guanine bonds with ______________. Remember "All The Cute Guys"

In RNA, Adenine bonds with __________ and Guanine bonds with ______________.

Let's pretend that we can count all the Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine in the nucleus of a cell. If the % of Adenine was 30%, what would be the percentage of Cytosine?

Complimentary base-pairing just means that adenine always bonds with thymine and guanine always bonds with cytosine (in DNA). If one strand (half) of the DNA molecule read A - T - G - C- A- C what would the other half read?

DNA carries the recipe/instructions for making really important molecules called proteins. Where is the information in DNA stored?

How many chromosomes (DNA molecules) do you have in the nucleus of your cells"

You received _____ chromosomes from mom (egg) and ____ chromosomes from dad (sperm).

When you created your DNA molecule, the strands were anti-parallel (one half went in one direction and the other half went in the other direction. Why?