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IB ESS Topic 2 (General Review)

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Natural disasters such as flooding and tornadoes are linked to ________________.
a)
primary
b)
secondary
c)
old field
d)
ecosystem
2.
How do lichens contribute to primary succession?
a)
Lichens decompose organic matter from animals and plants
b)
Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil
c)
Lichens are nitrogen fixing bacteria
d)
Lichens convert carbohydrates into fossil fuels.
3.
What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
soil
c)
climax community
d)
lichens
4.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
eutrophication
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
5.
After a forest fire, an ecosystem would start regrowth through -
a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
c)
climax community
d)
limiting factors
6.
Which catastrophic event will most likely have the effect of returning an ecosystem to primary succession?
a)
A tornado
b)
A volcanic eruption
c)
A flood
d)
A drought
7.

Which experiences the least change over time?

a)

Pioneer Species

b)

Primary Succession

c)

Aquatic Succession

d)

Climax Community

8.

Which of the following best describes primary succession?

a)

Volcano wipes out ecosystem that gradually grows back from ash covered soil

b)

Volcano creates a new island of rock that must break down to form an ecosystem

c)

Forest fire burns down forest that must bounce back over time

d)

Tornado destroys a crop that must slowly grow back over time.

9.

What term could be described as an equilibrium?

a)

pioneer species

b)

primary succession

c)

secondary succession

d)

climax community

10.

If farmers use a controlled burn to prevent forest fires, what would most likely be the first plants to return?

a)

trees

b)

shrubs

c)

mosses

d)

grasses

11.

Which progression best explains secondary succession?

a)

lichens>grass>shrubs>small trees> big trees

b)

mosses>creates soil>grasses>small trees> big trees

c)

Volcano destroys ecosystem>grasses>shrubs>small trees>big trees

d)

Volcano forms new island> lichens>grasses>shrubs>small trees>big trees

12.

In 2015 you visited a forest, when you returned in 2019 there was only small plants. What is the most likely thing to have happened?

a)

passing of a glacier

b)

preservation of a habitat

c)

occurrence of a forest fire

d)

development of a parking lot

13.

Which of the following is the correct aquatic succession stages?

a)

Full ecosystem>trees>shrubs>fish and aquatic animals>plants> water only

b)

Water only>small plants and animals>sediment builds> pond fills with soil

c)

fire>grass>shrubs>trees

d)

bare rock>lichens>grasses>shrubs>trees

14.

Primary succession occurs in areas with:

a)

very little soil

b)

lots of soil

c)

no soil

d)

soil that has been disturbed

15.

What best describes the term succession?

a)

rapid changes that create an ecosystem overnight

b)

gradual changes over time to fully create or restore and ecosystem

c)

forest with the tallest trees

d)

the rate species produce offspring

16.

Why do grasses appear before shrubs in ecological succession?

a)

loosen the dirt for new trees to take roots?

b)

provide food for animals returning to the area

c)

require plenty of sunlight to make their own food

d)

can grow even in areas with shallow soil

17.

A system made up of organisms interacting with one another

a)

biology

b)

society

c)

ecosystem

18.

How does energy enter an ecosystem?

a)

sunlight

b)

soil

c)

animals

19.
The non-living parts of an ecosystem, such as water, sun, & oxygen are called 
a)
habitat
b)
abiotic factors
c)
biotic factors
d)
ecology
20.
All the populations in an ecosystem are called a 
a)
climate
b)
population
c)
community
d)
habitat
21.
The living factors of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, & fungi are called
a)
biotic factors
b)
abiotic factors
c)
ecosystem
d)
population
22.
An important abiotic factor in ALL ecosystems is the 
a)
ecology
b)
climate
c)
plants
d)
animals
23.
All life on Earth exists in a region known as 
a)
an ecosystem
b)
a biome
c)
the biosphere
d)
ecology
24.
Autotrophs are organisms that
a)
rely on other organisms for their energy & food supply.
b)
consume plant & animal remains and other dead matter.
c)
use energy they take in from the environment to convert inorganic molecules to organic molecules.
d)
obtain energy by eating only plants.
25.
The total mass of living tissue at each trophic level can be shown in a(n)
a)
energy pyramid
b)
pyramid of numbers
c)
biomass pyramid
d)
biogeochemical cycle
26.
Why are food chains, such as the one shown, limited to 4-5 organisms?
a)
There are not more organisms in the ecosystem
b)
Organisms must share resources
c)
Energy transfers are inefficient
d)
They are only limited when organisms are living on land.
27.
According to the food web shown, what would occur if there were a drastic decrease in the squirrel population?
a)
There would be fewer vultures
b)
There would be more nuts and seeds.
c)
There would be fewer vultures & there would be more nuts and seeds.
d)
There would be more grass.
28.
In a forest ecosystem, a food chain might look like this:
green plants → rabbit → fox → panther

If the green plants are destroyed in a forest fire, which short-term effect will this have on the organisms in this food chain?
a)
There would be fewer rabbits for the foxes to eat. 
b)
The panthers would have to begin to eat green plants.
c)
There would be an increase in the fox population
d)
There would be more green plants for the rabbits to eat
29.

At which trophic level can you find an herbivore?

a)

1st Level

b)

2nd Level

c)

3rd Level

d)

4th Level

30.

Why are decomposers necessary?

a)

Because we compose too much...

b)

To take basic materials and make them more complex...

c)

To take complex materials and break them down to basic stuff...

d)

So demusic can be really good...

31.
Which organism do the owl and the weasel compete for in the food web?
a)
Hawk
b)
Spider
c)
Grasshopper
d)
Shrew
32.
The pattern of air during thermal inversion is
a)
warm- cold- warm
b)
cold- warm- cold
c)
there is no pattern, it is only cold
33.
__________ primary productivity is the total amount of energy that producers convert to chemical energy in organic molecules per unit of time.   
a)
Net
b)
Total
c)
Gross
d)
None of the above
34.
To measure primary productivity, you can measure carbon dioxide consumption, total carbohydrates produced or ________________.
a)
dissolved oxygen
b)
total proteins produced
c)
light energy entering system
35.
__________productivity = the organic materials that remain after photosynthetic organisms in the ecosystem have used some of these compounds for their cellular energy needs (cellular respiration).
a)
Gross
b)
Primary
c)
Net
d)
Secondary
36.

Which of the following processes removes carbon from the atmosphere?

a)

Plant Respiration

b)

Auto and factory emissions

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Animal Respiration

37.

The rate at which producers convert radiant energy into chemical energy

a)

trophic level

b)

net primary productivity

c)

gross primary productivity

d)

photosynthesis

38.
The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?
a)
They point to the organism that is being eaten.
b)
It shows how sunlight flows within an ecosystem.
c)
They show what direction the energy is flowing between organisms. 
d)
They represent how water is transferred within a habitat.
39.
All of the production by photosynthetic organisms in a defined area over a specified time period is known as
a)
Gross Productivity
b)
Net Productivity
c)
Photosynthesis + Respiration
d)
Photosynthesis - Respiration
40.
If the amount of dissolved oxygen in the light bottle used for the investigation in the lesson does not change, an explanation for this is
a)
The rates of photosynthesis and respiration are equal
b)
Respiration is not occurring
c)
photosynthesis is not occurring
d)
no photosynthesis occurred
41.
Which of the following is an appropriate unit of primary productivity
a)
kg/m2
b)
kg/m/day
c)
kJ/m2
d)
kg/m2/yr
42.

One characteristic feature of the tundra is that only the surface thaws in the summer and refreezes in the winter, leaving a permanently frozen subsoil. This characteristic is known as

a)

Hoarfrost

b)

Glaciation

c)

Permafrost

d)

Crystallization

43.

The kangaroo rat is able to get all of the water it needs through its food and therefore, never needs to drink liquid. This animal has adapted to survive in which biome?

a)

Forest

b)

Tundra

c)

Desert

d)

Grassland

44.
Which biome is characterized by low temperatures and low amounts of rainfall?
a)
Tundra
b)
Desert
c)
Temperate Deciduous Forest
d)
Tropical Rainforest
45.
The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are...
a)
Food and Water
b)
Rain and Sunlight
c)
Temperature and Oxygen
d)
Precipitation and Temperature 
46.
The biome known for trees with broad leaves that fall off the trees in the winter.
a)
Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forests
b)
Temperate Seasonal (Decidious) Forests
c)
Deserts
d)
Tropical Rain Forests
47.

Which biome covers most of the land mass near Earth's equator?

a)

Desert

b)

Grassland

c)

Tropical rainforest

d)

Temperate forest

48.

The rain forest soil is

a)

poor and rocky

b)

frozen soil

c)

thick and nutrient rich

d)

thin and nutrient poor

49.
Which biome, because of its climate, has the largest number of species of plants and animals?
a)
Tundra
b)
Rainforest
c)
Desert
d)
Coniferous forest
50.

Plants with spines and waxy leaves are well suited for life in which environment?

a)

Desert

b)

Temperate forest

c)

Grassland

d)

Tropical Rainfroest

51.
True or false: The amount of nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere tends to vary depending on temperature and latitude.
a)
True
b)
False
52.

A large region characterised by a specific type of climate and certain type of plants is known as.

a)

boreal forest (taiga)

b)

climate

c)

biome

d)

canopy

53.

__________ primary productivity is the total amount of energy that producers convert to chemical energy in organic molecules per unit of time.

a)

Net

b)

Total

c)

Gross

d)

Secondary

54.

__________ primary productivity = the organic materials that remain after photosynthetic organisms in the ecosystem have used some of these compounds for their cellular energy needs (cellular respiration).

a)

Gross

b)

Total

c)

Net

d)

Secondary

55.

Secondary productivity is rate of formation of new organic matter by

a)

Producer

b)

Parasite

c)

Consumer

d)

Decomposer

56.

The biomass available for consumption by the herbivores and the decomposers is called

a)

Net primary productivity

b)

Secondary productivity

c)

Standing crop

d)

Gross primary productivity

57.

Approximately how much of the solar energy that falls on the leaves of a plant is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis?

a)

Less than 1%

b)

2-10%

c)

30%

d)

50%

58.

During the process of ecological succession the changes that take place in communities are

a)

Orderly and sequential

b)

Random

c)

Very quick

d)

Not influenced by the physical environment

59.

The zone at the edge of a lake or ocean which is alternatively exposed to air and immersed in water is called

a)

Pelagic zone

b)

Benthic zone

c)

Littoral zone

d)

Lentic zone

60.

Succulent plant grows in

a)

Tundra

b)

Desserts

c)

Tropical rain forests

d)

Temperate deciduous forests

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