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WorksheetsSteele HS Midterm Review 2020 #2
Total questions: 34
Worksheet time: 17mins
Cyclins are a family of closely related proteins that
regulate the cell cycle.
produce p 53.
cause cancer.
work to heal wounds.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?
Little happens during the G1 and G2 phases.
DNA replicates during cytokinesis.
The M phase is usually the longest phase.
Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases.
Checkpoints occur between the stages of the cell cycle. If a cell does not meet certain criteria at the end of a stage, it will not move to the next stage.
Which of these occurs just before the cell enters the G2 stage of the cell cycle?
The nuclear membrane disintegrates.
The nucleolus divides.
Centrioles form.
DNA replicates.
People infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of dying from secondary infections. Which of these best explains how HIV increases the danger of secondary infections?
HIV produces antigens that damage red blood cells
HIV adds genetic material from harmful microbes
HIV destroys T cells
HIV consumes beneficial microbes in the body
Which organelle is the powerplant of the cell that converts the chemical energy stored in food into ATP?
chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
Which of the following can be found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
mitochondria
nucleus
genetic material (DNA)
chloroplast
Name the structure labeled A
mitochondria
cytoplasm
nucleus
ribosome
There are four blood types: A, B, AB and O. The genes for both A and B types are dominant over O. What is the probability of a father with type O and a mother with type AB producing a child with blood type O?
0%
25%
75%
100%
A red flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white flowered plant (WW) and produces plants with pink flowers (RW). If two pink flowered plants are crossed, what color offspring could be produced?
Red, white and pink
Red and white
Pink and red
Pink and white
Two plants with the genotypes TT and Tt –
would have the same phenotype.
would have different phenotypes.
have all dominant alleles.
have all recessive alleles.
The four cells at the bottom of the diagram are significant because -
they contain half of the normal chromosomal number of the species to which they belong. This allows combination with another sex cell for reproduction of a new individual with genes from two separate parents.
they can reproduce themselves to create a new organism without genetic input from another of their species, allowing for continuing reproduction of the species.
they have a special cell membrane which allows them to transfer DNA to another of their species and thus share genes which may help others survive difficult environmental conditions.
they express only the genetic sequences required for their particular function in the body and so have a special structure which allows them to perform their function. As a result, they are known as differentiated somatic cells.
The four cells at the bottom of the diagram are -
somatic cells.
gametes.
prokaryotic.
cancer cells.
What are the genotypes of the parents in this cross?
TTRr and ttRr
TtRr and TtRr
TTrr and TtRr
TTRr and TtRr
What is the correct genetic combination of offspring x?
Tr
Tr x Tr
TTrr
TtRr
Which of the following represents the genotype of offspring Ttrr?
Heterozygous tall, homozygous wrinkled
Heterozygous short, homozygous wrinkled
Heterozygous short, homozygous round
Homozygous tall, homozygous wrinkled
Which diagram demonstrates how crossing over contributes to genetic variety during meiosis?
Cell differentiation is critical during embryonic development. The process of cell differentiation results in the production of many types of cells, including germ, somatic, and stem cells. Cell differentiation is most directly regulated by --
ATP
DNA
Lipids
Sugars
A mutation causes the following change in DNA:
Which amino acid substitution will result from this point mutation?
His replaces Ala
Tyr replaces Thr
His replaces Arg
Ala replaces Met
RNA molecules use instruction from DNA to assemble proteins. There are three types of RNA molecules:
-mRNA
-rRNA
-tRNA.
What specific function does mRNA perform in the process of making proteins?
It brings instructions from DNA in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
It attaches to messenger RNA and uses its information to assemble amino acids.
It transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins.
It creates another molecule of DNA through replication.
What process is represented by letter Y?
Replication
Mutation
Transcription
Translation
What process is represented by letter X?
Replication
Mutation
Transcription
Translation
The process represented by letter X produces a molecule that is complementary to the template strand of DNA. This molecule is marked by the letter D above. What type of molecule is represented by letter D?
new DNA
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
Given the DNA sequence, CACGTATGCAAAATT, the primary structure of the protein it codes for is described as:
Valine, Histidine, Threonine, Phenylalanine
Histidine, Valine, Cysteine, Lysine, Isoleucine
Leucine, Aspartate, Serine, Phenylalanine
Methionine, Valine, Histidine, Threonine, Phenylalanine
Which of these changes to the DNA triplet GCT will affect the the protein produced?
GTT
TCT
TCC
GCA
The genetic code of organisms determines their traits. The sequence of __________ within DNA makes up this genetic code.
hydrogen bonds
nitrogenous bases
deoxyribose sugars
phosphate groups
What is a nucleotide?
A molecule made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
A molecule made of adenosine triphosphate and a 5 carbon sugar.
A molecule made of DNA or RNA.
A molecule made of a 5-carbon sugar and 4 nitrogenous bases.
Sickle-shaped red blood cells result from a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This mutation results in the disease known as sickle-cell anemia. A partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a sequence that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown below.
Normal Hemoglobin: T-G-A-G-G-T-C-T-C-C-T-C
Sickle-cell Hemoglobin: T-G-A-G-G-T-C-A-C-C-T-C
What type of mutation is depicted in this sequence?
Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
Frameshift
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration allow plants and animals to recycle carbon dioxide and oxygen. Which statement best summarizes this relationship?
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of respiration.
The products of photosynthesis inhibit respiration.
The products of photosynthesis are the products of respiration.
The reactants of photosynthesis are the reactiants of respiration.
Which pathway(s) would your muscle cells use to produce energy during strenuous exercise?
A
B
A & B
C
Which pathway(s) would yeast use to produce energy?
A
B
A & B
C
What equation best describes the process occurring at A?
H2O + CO2 -> C6H12O6 + H2O
O2 + C6H12O6 -> H2O + CO2
H2O + CO2 -> C6H12O6 + O2
H2O + O2 -> C6H12O6 + CO2
Using Fig 8.3, choose the terms that complete the diagram at X and Y.
X = oxygen, Y = Carbon Dioxide
X = radiant energy, Y = ATP
X = glucose, Y = ATP
X = oxygen, Y = water
Which of the following would complete the analogy?
chloroplast : _____________ : : ____________ : ____________
respiration : : mitochondria : photosynthesis
photosynthesis : : mitochondria : respiration
respiration : : cell membrane : photosynthesis
photosynthesis : : cell membrane : respiration
Which statement concerning ATP and activity within the cell below is correct?
The absorption of ATP occurs at structure A.
The synthesis of ATP occurs within the structure B.
ATP is produced most efficiently by structure C.
The template for ATP is found in structure D.
