compound used by cells to store and release energy

phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

process of programmed cell death

water channel protein in a cell

process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

cluster of proteins that span the cell membrane and allow hydrogen ions (H+) ions to pass through it

organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds

particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific

scientific study of life

part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere

stage of early development in mammals taht consists of a hollow ball of cells

light-indepenedent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar

disorger in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth

basic unit of all forms of life

series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells

process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

thin, flexible barrier that susrrounds all cells

fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells

structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division

region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach

principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome

substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones

threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information

group in an experiment that is exposed to the same conditions tas the experimental group except for one independent variable

experiment in which only one variable is changed

one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

in eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus

network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement

evidence; information gathered from observations

variable that is observed and that changes in response to the independent variable

process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents

series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions

developing stage of a multicellular organism

internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells

organisms whose cells contain a nucleus

process of diffusion in which molevules pass across the membrane through cell membrane channels

organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cells

one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells

organism that obtains food by consuming other living things

relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

factor in a controlled experiment that is deliberately changed

a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience

period of the cell cycle between cell divisions

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH

set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light

cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins into small molecules that can be used bye the rest of the cell

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are convenient for the cell to use

part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules

in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA

process of noticing and describing events or processes in a careful, orderly way

specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane

process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches

cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids

light-absorbing molecule used by plants to gather the sun's energy

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible

cell oprganelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell

organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world

property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot

type of reproduction in which cells form two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism

signal to which an organism responds

fluid portion of the chloroplast

phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin

well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations and hypotheses

sacklike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts

cells that are able to develop into any tupe of cell found in the body

mass of rapidly dividing cells taht can damage surrounding tissue

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates