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Midterm Review - 2020

Total questions: 121

Worksheet time: 1hrs 14mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A mountaineer is planning an expedition. He wants to follow the easiest possible path, which means he needs to find the most gentle slope up the mountain. Which route should the mountaineer choose?
a)
Route A
b)
Route B
c)
 Route C
d)
Route D
2.
The distance in degrees north or south of the equator
a)
longitude
b)
prime meridian
c)
latitude
3.
The measure of the volume of water that flows over a particular location within a given period of time is called
a)
Run off
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
d)
Discharge
4.
What is the term for the land formed as a river enters a large body of water and it decreases in velocity?
a)
Deposition
b)
Watershed
c)
Discharge
d)
Delta
5.
Which weathering process is most common in a hot, dry environment?
a)
carbonation 
b)
root wedging
c)
oxidation
d)
abrasion 
6.
Rocks sometimes show evidence of ancient glaciers.  Which is the best sign that glaciers once covered an area?
a)
Rocks are angular & have many scratches
b)
Rocks are rounded & contain fossils
c)
Rocks are angular & covered by moss
d)
Rocks are rounded & deep underground
7.
These depressions form from a large piece of ice that broke off of a glacier, became buried in sediment and then melted. 
a)
Moraines
b)
Aretes
c)
Kettles
d)
Fjords
8.
The sediment deposited by the valley glacier at position X is best described as
a)
sorted and layered
b)
sorted and not layered
c)
unsorted and layered
d)
unsorted and not layered
9.
The sediment deposited in each bed is best described as
a)
sorted mainly according to particle shape
b)
a mixture of sorted and unsorted particles
c)
sorted mainly according to particle size
d)
showing no evidence of sorting
10.
This elongated hill, called a drumlin, is most likely composed of
a)
cemented sediments
b)
unsorted sediments
c)
horizontally layered sediments
d)
vertically layered sediments
11.
According to the ESRT, what must be the size of a boulder?
a)
greater than 25.6 cm in diameter
b)
0.2 to 6.4 cm in diameter
c)
less than 0.2 cm in diameter
d)
6.4 to 25.6 cm in diameter
12.
Which kind of sediment would probably be deposited farthest offshore when a stream enters a lake?
a)
silt
b)
sand
c)
clay
d)
pebbles
13.
The diagrams  shows a natural process that weathers rock.
 Which statement best explains why this process results in weathering?
a)
frozen water acts as a solute
b)
water expands when it freezes
c)
the mass of water increases when it freezes
d)
frozen water dissolves most types of rock
14.
A marble statue is left exposed to the weather.  Within a few years, the details on the statue have begun to weather away.  This weathering probably is caused by...
a)
oxygen in the air
b)
carbonic acid in rainwater
c)
lichens
d)
abrasion
15.
What is the relationship between surface area and the rate of weathering?
a)
As surface area increases, the rate of weathering decreases
b)
As surface area increases, the rate of weathering increases
c)
As surface area decreases, the rate of weathering increases
d)
There is no relationship
16.
Plants prevent soil erosion by-
a)
holding dirt in place with their roots
b)
providing food for herbivores
c)
the process of photosynthesis
d)
releasing water into the atmosphere through transpiration
17.
What type of current flows parallel to the shoreline in a lake or ocean due to wave impact?
a)
gulf current
b)
longshore current
c)
sediment current
d)
wind current
18.
When a stream flows into a lake, in what order are sediments deposited?
a)
clay, silt, sand then pebbles
b)
sand, silt, clay then pebbles
c)
pebbles, clay, silt then sand
d)
pebbles, sand, silt then clay
19.
What most likely deposited these sediments?
a)
wind
b)
water
c)
glaciers
d)
gravity
20.
What agent of erosion most likely created this landform?
a)
wind
b)
water
c)
glacier
d)
gravity
21.
What agent of erosion most likely created this landform?
a)
wind
b)
water
c)
glacier
d)
gravity
22.
What agent of erosion most likely created this landform?
a)
wind
b)
water
c)
glacier
d)
gravity
23.
Rust that forms on rocks or metal because of extended exposure to oxygen is what example of chemical weathering?
a)
carbon dioxide (carbonic acid)
b)
acid rain
c)
oxidation
d)
lichens
24.
A pothole is an example of 
a)
abrasion
b)
frost action
c)
carbonation
d)
root wedging
25.
Which of the following is an example of chemical weathering? 
a)
freezing of water in the cracks of a sandstone sidewalk
b)
abrasion of a streambed by tumbling rocks
c)
grinding of talc into a powder
d)
dissolving of a limestone tombstone by acid rain
26.
What type of climate causes the most chemical weathering?
a)
warm and humid
b)
warm and dry
c)
cold and humid
d)
cold and dry
27.
Which mineral will weather LEAST if left in a river for 100 years?
a)
calcite
b)
pyrite
c)
garnet
d)
talc
28.
Which type of soil is most common in New York?
a)
transported
b)
residual
c)
bedrock
d)
sand
29.
An increase in which of the following will make topsoil more suitable for plant growth?
a)
erosion
b)
biological activity
c)
compaction
d)
uplift
30.
How does angularity affect the settling rate of a particle in water?
a)
As angularity increases, settling rate increases.
b)
As angularity increases, settling rate decreases.
c)
Angularity does not affect settling rate.
31.
How does particle size affect weathering rate?
a)
As size increases, weathering rate increases.
b)
As size increases, weathering rate decreases.
c)
Size does not affect weathering rate.
32.
How does density affect the settling rate of a particle in water?
a)
As density increases, settling rate increases.
b)
As density increases, settling rate decreases.
c)
Density does not affect settling rate.
33.
How fast does water have to move to carry 1.0 cm pebbles?
a)
.02 cm/sec
b)
5 cm/sec
c)
50 cm/sec
d)
200 cm/sec
34.

What is the largest size sediment that can be carried by 100 cm/sec water?

a)

1 cm

b)

3 cm

c)

26 cm

d)

200 cm

35.
Sediments deposited by mass movement are usually
a)
angular
b)
rounded
c)
pitted
d)
scratched
36.
As slope increases, river velocity...
a)
increases
b)
decreases
c)
stays the same
37.
As discharge increases, river velocity...
a)
increases
b)
decreases
c)
stays the same
38.
The streambank on the inside of this meander has a gentler slope than the streambank on the outside of this meander because the water on the inside of this meander is moving
a)
slower, causing deposition
b)
faster, causing deposition
c)
slower, causing erosion
d)
faster, causing erosion
39.
What causes most waves?
a)
Wind
b)
Underwater earthquakes
c)
Large fish
d)
The moon
40.
On which side of the groin will the beach become larger due to deposition of sand?
a)
North
b)
West
c)
South 
d)
East
41.
In which general direction is the sand being moved along this shoreline by ocean (longshore) currents?
a)
northeast 
b)
southeast 
c)
northwest
d)
southwest
42.
A valley eroded by a river is generally V-shaped, as opposed to a glacier which is 
a)
S-shaped
b)
U-shaped
c)
W-shaped
d)
J-shaped
43.
What is the driving force behind erosional agents?
a)
Convection currents
b)
Wind
c)
Gravity
d)
Mineral Composition
44.
This sand dune most likely formed by
a)
water flowing from the left
b)
water flowing from the right
c)
wind blowing from the left
d)
wind blowing from the right
45.
Where are most glaciers found?
a)
High elevation and high latitude
b)
High elevation and low latitude
c)
Low elevation and high latitude
d)
Low elevation and low latitude
46.
What is the name for a pile of unsorted sediment deposited in front of a glacier?
a)
Kettle hole
b)
Outwash plain
c)
Delta
d)
Moraine
47.
What may be found on bedrock to provide evidence of a past glacier?
a)
Sorted sediments
b)
A pitted surface
c)
Striations
d)
Ventifacts
48.

Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks are classified into those groups based on

a)

how they formed

b)

how they look

c)

how they feel internally (emotionally)

d)

their physical and chemical properties

49.

Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed by the processes of

a)

deposition, burial, compaction and cementation

b)

melting and solidification

c)

heat and pressure

d)

weathering and erosion

50.

Land derived sedimentary rocks will have textures referred to as

a)

clastic (fragmental)

b)

crystalline (chemical)

c)

bioclastic (organic)

51.

Which list shows sediments that are increasing in size?

a)

clay, silt, sand, pebble, cobble & boulder

b)

boulder, cobble, pebble, sand, silt & clay

c)

clay, sand, pebble, silt, boulder & cobble

d)

clasy, sand, silt, cobble, pebbles & boulders

52.

Sedimentary Rock - sea water evaporates and leaves behind a precipitate/evaporite = (clastic, crystalline, bioclastic)

a)

clastic

b)

crystalline

c)

bioclastic

53.

Sedimentary Rock - shells or plants = (clastic, crystalline, bioclastic)

a)

clastic

b)

crystalline

c)

bioclastic

54.

Which features Sedimentary Rock will often contain?

a)

horizontal layers & fossils

b)

horizontal layers & glassy textures

c)

fossils & vesicles

d)

fossils & foliation

55.

Sedimentary Rock - found as a (thin, thick) layer of rocks along the surface of Earth compared to igneous and metamorphic rocks

a)

thin

b)

thick

56.

Compared to a Conglomerate, a Breccia will be composed of fragments that are

a)

angular

b)

rounded

c)

equal in size

d)

equal in density

57.

Which processes are involved in the formation of Igneous rocks?

a)

melting and solidification

b)

heat and pressure

c)

deposition, burial, compaction and cementation

58.

What is the environment of formation for Intrusive igneous rocks?

a)

Volcanic

b)

Plutonic

59.

What is the environment of formation for Extrusive igneous rocks?

a)

Volcanic

b)

Plutonic

60.

What is the texture and grain size of Intrusive igneous rocks?

a)

fine and less than 1mm

b)

fine and greater than 1mm

c)

coarse and less than 1 mm

d)

coarse and greater than 1mm

61.

In Igneous rock, an increase in the cooling time of magma will lead to ________ crystal size.

a)

larger

b)

smaller

62.

What is the texture and grain size of Extrusive igneous rocks?

a)

fine and less than 1mm

b)

fine and greater than 1mm

c)

coarse and less than 1mm

d)

coarse and greater than 1mm

63.

What type of rock may contained preserved traces of trapped gases known as vesicles or a vesicular texture?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

64.

Igneous Rock = (Fossils, No fossils)

a)

fossils

b)

no fossils

65.

Compared to mafic rocks, the color and density of felsic igneous rocks are generally

a)

lighter color and lower density

b)

lighter color and higher density

c)

darker color and lower density

d)

darker color and higher density

66.

Which processes lead to the formation of Metamorphic rocks?

a)

heat and/or pressure

b)

melting and solidification

c)

deposition, burial, compaction and cementation

67.

During contact metamorphism, rocks recrystallize due to changes in

a)

heat

b)

pressure

68.

During regional metamorphism, rocks recrystallize due to ___________ which leads to a texture known as _______________.

a)

pressure and heat, foliated

b)

heat alone, foliated

c)

pressure alone, foliated

d)

pressure and heat, non-foliated

69.

During metamorphism an older rock will change and often become

a)

more dense & less porous

b)

more dense & more porous

c)

less dense & less porous

d)

less dense & more porous

70.

During regional metamorphism, the rock shale can change into

a)

marble

b)

metaconglomerate

c)

slate

d)

quartzite

71.

Which metamorphic rock only forms by the process of contact metamorphism?

a)

anthracite coal

b)

slate

c)

hornfels

d)

quartzite

72.

The intrusion of igneous rock (magma and lava) into pre-existing rocks results in recrystallization of old rocks in a process known as ____________________ metamorphism.

a)

contact

b)

regional

73.

Mineral physical characteristics depend on their (external, internal) arrangement of atoms.

a)

external

b)

internal

74.

Color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, crystal form are all examples of a minerals

a)

physical properties

b)

chemical properties

75.

Rocks and minerals make up Earth's _______________.

a)

atmosphere

b)

hydrosphere

c)

lithosphere

76.

Silicate minerals are the most common minerals on Earth's surface. Silicate minerals will always contain the elements

a)

nitrogen and oxygen

b)

silicon and nitrogen

c)

silicon and oxygen

d)

oxygen and potassium

77.

The Moh's scale of hardness for Minerals is dominantly controlled by the

a)

chemical composition

b)

way light reflects off the surface

c)

internal arrangement of the atoms

d)

environment of formation

78.

A streak test is performed by rubbing a mineral against an un-glazed ceramic tile. In doing so, an Earth Scientist will observe the

a)

way light reflects off the mineral surface

b)

color of the mineral powder

c)

number of cleavage directions

d)

proportion of mass per density

79.

Fracture = (flat sides, jagged edges)

a)

flat sides

b)

jagged edges

80.

Cleavage = (flat sides, jagged edges)

a)

flat sides

b)

jagged edges

81.

What 2 minerals will form and cleave into cubes when broken?

a)

quartz and calcite

b)

halite and galena

c)

potassium feldspar and halite

d)

calcite and potassium feldspar

82.

Which mineral will form and cleave into rhombohedral crystals?

a)

halite

b)

calcite

c)

quartz

d)

muscovite mica

83.

Which minerals will react with hydrochloric acid?

a)

quartz and calcite

b)

calcite and dolomite when crushed

c)

halite and dolomite when crushed

d)

quartz and halite

84.

What is the contour interval for this map?

a)

500

b)

100

c)

20

d)

1000

85.

What is the difference in elevation from point C to D?

a)

900

b)

200

c)

0

d)

500

86.

What is the contour interval?

a)

100

b)

10

c)

20

d)

50

87.

What is the elevation of Point A

a)

1500

b)

900

c)

1000

d)

1200

88.

Which direction is Maple Stream flowing?

a)

North

b)

South

c)

East

d)

West

89.

What is the contour interval

a)

5

b)

10

c)

15

d)

20

90.
What do contour lines that are farther apart represent?
a)
waterfall
b)
steep area
c)
gentle slope
d)
river
91.
How many mountain tops does this map have?
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
four
92.
Provided is a topographic map of a hill with contour lines drawn showing elevation in meters.
The steepest slope on this hill can be found on the side that is facing which direction?
a)
Southwest
b)
Northeast
c)
Northwest
d)
Southeast
93.
What is the highest elevation this hill could possibly have? (might not be labeled)
a)
1040
b)
1060
c)
1079
d)
1009
94.
It is steep on a topographic map where __________.
a)
lines are closest together
b)
a river flows into a lake
c)
contours bend
d)
contours are far apart
95.
What feature is at the arrow?
a)
volcano
b)
mountain
c)
cliff
d)
river
96.
A mountaineer is planning an expedition. He wants to follow the easiest possible path, which means he needs to find the most gentle slope up the mountain. Which route should the mountaineer choose?
a)
Route A
b)
Route B
c)
 Route C
d)
Route D
97.
What could be the lowest elevation in the depression?
a)
50 feet
b)
41 feet
c)
60 feet
d)
51 feet
98.
The relationship between a distance on the map and the actual distance on the ground
a)
map legend
b)
longitude
c)
map view
d)
map scale
99.
The line of latitude 180 degrees east or west of the prime meridian 
a)
cylindrical projection
b)
time zone
c)
International Date Line
100.
Lines on a topographic map that connect points of equal elevation
a)
contour lines
b)
topography lines
c)
index lines
101.
The elevation difference between contours that are next to each other
a)
contour interval
b)
contour line
c)
slope
102.
The actual shape of Earth is best described as 
a)
a perfect sphere
b)
an oblate spheroid
c)
an oblong spheroid
d)
flat like pancake
103.
The Earth is slightly flattened at the polar regions due to 
a)
its revolution around the Sun
b)
the gravitational pull of the Sun & Moon
c)
its rotation on the axis
d)
storms from the Sun
104.
The approximate latitude of Utica, NY is
a)
43o 05' N
b)
75o 15' E
c)
42o 55' N
d)
75o 15' W
105.
How are latitude and longitude lines drawn on a globe of Earth?
a)
Latitude lines are parallel and Longitude lines meet at the poles
b)
Latitude lines are parallel and Longitude lines meet at the Equator
c)
Longitude lines are parallel and Latitude lines meet at the poles
d)
Longitude lines are parallel and Latitude meet at the Equator
106.
What is the approximate altitude of Polaris from the top of Slide Mountain, NY?
a)
41o
b)
42o
c)
43o
d)
44o
107.
Which two observers would be experiencing the same apparent local solar time?
a)
A and C
b)
D and E
c)
B and D
d)
A and D
108.
What is the latitude and longitude of position E?
a)
10o N, 90o W 
b)
10o S, 90o W
c)
10o S, 80o W
d)
10o N, 80o W
109.
Your local time is 4pm and it is 12 noon at Greenwich England (0o Longitude). What is your longitude?
a)
15o E
b)
60o E
c)
15o W
d)
60o W
110.
A sailor observes the north star (Polaris) at an altitude of 25o above the norther horizon. What is their latitude?
a)
65o S
b)
25o N
c)
65o N
d)
25o S
111.
What is the longitude of the International Date Line?
a)
180o
b)
0o
c)
90o
d)
45o
112.
40.5o of latitude can also be represented in degrees (o) and minutes ('). Which value correctly displays 40.5o in this manner?
a)
40o 00' N
b)
40o 15' N
c)
40o 30' N
d)
40o 45' N
113.
The Earth Science student pictured above is measuring the altitude of Polaris. What is their latitude?
a)
42o N
b)
48o N
c)
42o S
d)
48o S
114.
Which lines of the coordinate system meet at the poles?
a)
Latitude
b)
Longitude
115.
Which lines of the coordinate system are parallel?
a)
Latitude
b)
Longitude
116.
What is a good model of Earth?
a)
Baseball
b)
Orange
c)
Meatball
d)
Ping Pong Ball
117.

An Earth Science student observes Polaris at an altitude of 45o while on vacation in a NY city. Which NY city could they be located, when they made the observation?

a)

Massena

b)

Binghamton

c)

Albany

d)

Old Forge

118.

You are at a location where the local time is 9am while the time in Greenwich England is 12 pm (noon). What is your Longitude?

a)

45o W

b)

135o E

c)

135o W

d)

45o E

119.

You are located on a ship at the 60o E line of longitude, and your local time is 5 pm. What time is it at Greenwich, England (Prime Meridian)?

a)

1 pm

b)

12 pm

c)

4 pm

d)

9 pm

120.

Determine the time at Old Forge, if it is 5pm in Greenwich, England (Prime Meridian).

a)

12pm

b)

4pm

c)

10pm

d)

4am

121.

Which NYS location is found at the following coordinates: 44o 5' N, 73o 55' W?

a)

Mt. Marcy

b)

Old Forge

c)

Plattsburgh

d)

Watertown

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