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Benchmark 2 Review

Total questions: 83

Worksheet time: 1hrs 2mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
If the environment gets cold, we will often shiver in order to:
a)
keep body temperature the same as the external temperature
b)
decrease body temperature
c)
increase body temperature
d)
regulate blood pressure
2.

Homeostasis

a)

allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment

b)

is impossible in vertebrates

c)

is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation

3.

Homeostasis in the human body is more often maintained by a:

a)

neutral feedback loop

b)

solar feedback loop

c)

positive feedback loop

d)

negative feedback loop

4.
When you are cold, you shiver and your blood vessels contract, which warms you up. When you are hot, you sweat and your blood vessels expand, which cools you down.  
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
5.
Which diagram represents an organ?
a)
#1
b)
#2
c)
#3
d)
#4
6.
What is mean by homeostasis?
a)
Controls and coordinates body activities through chemical 
b)
controls and coordinates body activities through electrical impulses
c)
For maintenance of a steady state in the internal environment
d)
remove metabolic waste products from the cel
7.

Which two systems work together to maintain homeostasis while transporting oxygen throughout the body and removing carbon dioxide?

a)

circulatory and respiratory

b)

respiratory and excretory

c)

circulatory and digestive

d)

respiratory and digestive

8.
The heart is an example of a(n) _________.
a)
Organ system
b)
Organ
c)
Organism
d)
Tissue
9.
The circulatory (cardiovascular) system is an example of a(n) _______.
a)
Organism
b)
Organ system
c)
Organ
d)
Cell
10.
A peach tree is an example of a(n) __________.
a)
Organ
b)
Organ system
c)
Tissue
d)
Organism
11.

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

a)

It creates chemicals, or hormones, that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

b)

It creates electrical messages that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

c)

It maintains the correct level of oxygen in the body to maintain homeostasis.

d)

It releases waste from the body to maintain homeostasis.

12.

The body system that controls and coordinates all body activities through electric impulses/messages between brain, spinal cord and nerves.

a)

endocrine system

b)

nervous system

c)

nerve

d)

neuron

13.
The nervous system controls:
a)
only the heart
b)
all body systems and the whole entire body
c)
the digestive system
d)
the brain
14.

What level of structure is represented by the diagram?

a)

organ

b)

organ system

c)

cell

d)

tissue

15.

Which system is responsible for the overall control of all the internal processes that occur in the body?

a)

muscular system

b)

nervous system

c)

digestive system

d)

skeletal system

16.
Identify the phase.
a)
Metaphase I
b)
Metaphase II
c)
Anaphase I
d)
Anaphase II
17.
Identify the process.
a)
Mitosis
b)
Meiosis I
c)
Meiosis II
d)
Interphase
18.
After meiosis II the daughter cells will contain ____ chromosomes if the original cell contained 78.
a)
78
b)
39
c)
23
d)
46
19.
Which of the following cells is a gamete?
a)
egg
b)
bone
c)
heart
d)
muscle
20.
The pair of chromosomes that contain the same genes (but may be coded differently) and are inherited from a male and female parent are termed ___.
a)
gametes
b)
alleles
c)
zygote
d)
homologs
21.
The fertilized egg is termed a/an _____.
a)
gamete
b)
allele
c)
homolog
d)
zygote
22.
In mitosis cells are genetically _______, but in meiosis cells are genetically ______.
a)
diverse, identical
b)
identical, diverse/different
23.
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
a)
chromosomes lining up
b)
crossing over of chromosomes
c)
separation of chromosomes
d)
chromosomes pulling apart
24.
What kind of cells are made in MEIOSIS?
a)
Haploid cells
b)
Diploid Cells
c)
Skin Cells
d)
Liver Cells
25.
The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
prophase 1
c)
prophase 2
d)
telophase 1
26.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
27.
Which of the following best describes meiosis?
a)
It is carried out in all tissues theat require cell replacement
b)
It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of an organism
c)
It happens in all of the tissues except the brain and spinal cord
d)
It is the first stage of mitosis
28.
What phase is represented?
a)
metaphase 1
b)
metaphase 2
c)
anaphase 1
d)
anaphase 2
29.
What phase is  shown in the picture?
a)
metaphase 2
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
30.
products of meiosis are genetically
a)
different
b)
identical
31.
Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells each have _____ chromosomes. Therefore a fertilized human egg cell (sperm and egg cell combined) would create a cell with _____ chromosomes.
a)
23, 46
b)
46, 23
c)
2, 4
d)
50, 100
32.
How many daughter cells does Meiosis create?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
8
d)
1
33.

A cat has a total of 40 chromosomes in its body cells. How many in its sex cells?

a)

38

b)

20

c)

76

d)

10

34.

Meiosis would occur in which of these cells?

a)

skin cells

b)

liver cells

c)

brain cells

d)

sperm cells

35.
Which of the following alleles is homozygous (purebred) recessive?
a)
Tt
b)
tt
c)
TT
d)
t
36.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
Aa
b)
red hair
c)
heterozygous genes
d)
mutated DNA
37.
Aa is
a)
homozygous (purebred)
b)
heterozygous (hybrid)
38.
In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.
a)
recessive
b)
dominant
c)
lower case letter
d)
both 
39.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
40.
Who is considered the "father of genetics"?
a)
Gregor Mendel
b)
Reginald Punnett
c)
James Watson
d)
Justin Bieber
41.
T = tall an t = short
What is the phenotype for Tt?
a)
short
b)
tall
c)
medium sized
d)
neither tall or short
42.
How many alleles (letters) do each person carry for a trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
43.
How many alleles (letters) does a child get from each parent for each trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
44.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
45.
Which of the following is homozygous dominant?
a)
Yy
b)
Y
c)
yy
d)
YY
46.
In a Punnett square each box represents a(n)....
a)
offspring
b)
parent
c)
gene
d)
trait
47.
How many chromosomes are in a sex cell?
a)
46
b)
23
c)
26
d)
43
48.
When two identical alleles for a trait are in an organism, the organism is said to be ____________?
a)
Heterozygous
b)
Homozygous
c)
allele
d)
resseive
49.
When a capital letter is used, what kind of allele is being represented?
a)
Recessive Allele
b)
Codominance
c)
Punnett Squares
d)
Dominant Allele
50.

A physical characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive.

a)

genes

b)

allele

c)

chromosome

d)

trait

51.

The outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes.

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

c)

haploid

d)

deploid

52.
What is one advantage of sexual reproduction?
a)
offspring are identical to parents
b)
offspring are resistant to viruses
c)
offspring are born live, rather thna from eggs
d)
offspring inherit a wider variety of genetic information
53.
What is a phenotype?
a)
The expression of a trait; what you see.
b)
refers to the genetic makeup of an individual
c)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (ex. TT or tt)
d)
the passing of traits from parent to offspring
54.
The inherited combination of alleles is known as the offspring's
a)
heredity
b)
phenotype
c)
genotype
d)
redigree
55.
What does heterozygous mean?
a)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (TT or tt)
b)
An organism that has different genes for a trait (Tt)
c)
When neither gene is fully dominant; offspring is a mixture of both
d)
the different forms of a trait (hair color--> brown, blonde, red
56.
A heterozygous yellow pea plant's genotype would be:
a)
YY
b)
yy
c)
Yy
d)
Yg
57.
If T=Tall & t=short, what is the genotypic ratio?
a)
1:3
b)
3:1
c)
1:2:1
d)
2:2
58.
If a heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant, what are the possible genotypes of the future offspring?
a)
100% Tt
b)
50% Tt, 50% tt
c)
75%Tt, 25%tt
d)
25%TT, 50%Tt, 25%tt
59.
A dog gives birth to 5 puppies. What percentage of the chromosomes does each puppy share with the mother?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
60.
A homozygous dominant dog with brown fur is crossed with a heterozygous dog with brown fur. What are the percentages of the possible genotypes?
a)
100% BB
b)
75% BB and 25%Bb
c)
50 % BB and 50% Bb
d)
50% Bb and 50% bb
61.

Squidward has light blue skin, and his genotype for this trait is Bb. Which of the following would describe Squidward?

a)

Purebred

b)

Hybrid

c)

Homozygous

d)

Sex-linked

62.
An offspring will receive how many alleles from each parent to determine a specific trait?
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
five
63.
Magda is a tall, 11 year old drummer. She has a scar on her right cheek. She is good at swimming. Which of her traits did Magda most likely inherit?
a)
height
b)
the scar
c)
ability to swim
d)
ability to play drums
64.
Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?
a)
0 %
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
65.
A dihybrid cross shows the possible outcomes of _______ 
a)
two alleles
b)
two parents
c)
two traits/characters
d)
a self pollination
66.
A red flower (Rr) is crossed with a white flower (rr). What is the genotypic ratio?
a)
0 RR; 0 Rr: 4 rr
b)
2 RR; 0 Rr: 2 rr
c)
4 RR; 0 Rr: 0 rr
d)
0 RR; 2 Rr: 2 rr
67.
T4 - Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). What percentage of the offspring of the cross BbTt x BBtt will have black fur and long tails?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
68.
What gamete possibilities could come from this parent's genotype?
a)
AB, AB, aB, aB
b)
Ab, AB, Ab, ab
c)
Ab, Ab, Ab, Ab
d)
AB, aB, ab, aB
69.
What goes in box 1
a)
AABb
b)
AABB
c)
aabb
d)
AaBb
70.
How can two parents with brown eyes have a child with blue eyes?
a)
The parents may both have recessive genes for blue eyes.
b)
The child was born during the winter
c)
Eye color in humans is not an inherited trait
d)
The child was deprived of oxygen during its birth
71.
A male beetle has the genotype Ttbb. If this beetle mates with a female with genotype TTBb, what is the chance their offspring will have the genotype TtBb?
a)
3/16
b)
4/16
c)
8/16
d)
12/16
72.

This image is an example of a _____________ cross.

a)

Monohybrid

b)

Dihybrid

c)

Purebred

d)

Pure Breeding

73.
If you have a parent who has GgBb as their genotype, what are the possible alleles they could donate to their gametes?
a)
GB, Gb, gB, gb
b)
GB, GB, gb, gb
c)
Gb, Gb, Gb, GB
d)
GG, BB, gg, bb
74.
Assume mom's gametes are on the left, what is her genotype?
a)
TTZz
b)
TtZz
c)
ttZZ
d)
TtZZ
75.
How many letters would go above each box 1, 2, 3, and 4?
a)
1 letter (ie. A)
b)
2 different letter (i.e. AB)
76.
Each identical side of a chromosome is the 
a)
centromere
b)
chromatin
c)
centriole
d)
chromatid
77.
When DNA is in its less coiled, "relaxed," state, between cell divisions, it is called
a)
autosomes
b)
chromatid
c)
chromatin
d)
centromere
78.
The structure that holds two chromosomes together until they separate for cell division is the
a)
chromatid
b)
chromatin
c)
centromere
d)
cytoplasm
79.

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

a)

The two different cells become mutated

b)

The proteins expressed in each cell are different

c)

They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

d)

The genome of the different cells changes

80.
Activation or deactivation of genes by environmental experiences throughout development
a)
turn on genes
b)
gene expression
c)
environmental factors
d)
gene markers
81.
Protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
a)
Histones
b)
Whey
c)
Casein
d)
Hemoglobin
82.
The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes.
a)
genome
b)
epigenome
c)
genetic markers
d)
RNA codon
83.
At what stage in the life of identical twins is the epigenome expected to be most similar?
a)
Age 6 months
b)
Age 21
c)
Age 55
d)
Trick quesiton; the epigenome never changes

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