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APES Earth Systems and Resources Review

Total questions: 56

Worksheet time: 2hrs 41mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In a transform plate boundary, the ...

a)

plates are the same age

b)

convergent plate is older, oceanic plate is younger

c)

convergent plate is younger, divergent plate is older

d)

closer the plates are the younger they are

2.

The surface of the earth, otherwise known as the ______, is broken into seven major pieces and sits atop a liquid layer called the _______

a)

lithosphere, asthenosphere

b)

astenosphere, mantle

c)

crust, litosphere

d)

asthenosphere, lithosphere

3.
The San Andrea's Fault in California is which type of boundary?
a)
Convergent
b)
Divergent
c)
Subductive Zone
d)
Transform
4.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
5.
The layer of soil which the topsoil is found.
a)
Horizon A
b)
Horizon B
c)
Horizon C
d)
Horizon D or R
6.
Which horizon is made up of partially weathered rocks?
a)
Horizon A
b)
Horizon B
c)
Horizon C
d)
Horizon D or R
7.
In which horizon is most of the HUMUS?
a)
Horizon A
b)
Horizon B
c)
Horizon C
d)
Horizon D or R
8.

When did the super continent Pangaea exist?

a)

20 million years ago

b)

100 million years ago

c)

175 million years ago

d)

250 million years ago

9.
The most common gas in the atmosphere (78%).
a)
Nitrogen
b)
Oxygen
c)
Carbon Dioxide
d)
Trace gases
10.
Most of Earth's freshwater is ___________
a)
under ground
b)
as a liquid on the surface
c)
frozen
d)
in Olympic swimming pools
11.
Most of the freshwater around the world is used for the following purpose.
a)
industry
b)
residential
c)
agriculture
d)
recreation
12.

Where the naturally occuring good ozone layer is located

a)

troposphere

b)

mesosphere

c)

stratosphere

d)

thermosphere

13.
In which layer do all the pressure, wind, and precipitation changes occur?
a)
Outer space 
b)
stratosphere
c)
troposphere
d)
mesosphere
14.
The Coriolis effect is a result of the Earth's 
a)
gravitation
b)
temperature
c)
rotation
d)
curvature
15.
The thin layer of gases surrounding Earth
a)
atmosphere
b)
biosphere
c)
hydrosphere
d)
lithosphere
16.
All of the water on and near Earth's surface
a)
hydrosphere
b)
atmosphere
c)
biosphere
d)
lithosphere
17.
All living things on earth are part of the....
a)
Biosphere
b)
Geosphere
c)
Hydrosphere
d)
Cryosphere
18.

The Geosphere is...

a)

All liquid water on Earth

b)

A 100km thick layer of gases

c)

frozen water on earth

d)

Earths entire solid body

19.
Which of the following is a way igneous rock is formed?
a)
weathering
b)
erosion
c)
transportation
d)
cooling & crystallization
20.

Which layer of the atmosphere is largely responsible for weather experienced on Earth?

a)

troposphere

b)

stratosphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

thermosphere

e)

exosphere

21.

Which layer of the atmosphere has the lowest atmospheric pressure?

a)

troposphere

b)

stratosphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

thermosphere

e)

exosphere

22.

In this phenomenon, air pollutants can become trapped close to the earth's surface, resulting in a concentration of air pollutants near the surface (which can cause lung and eye irritation).

a)

albedo

b)

greenhouse effect

c)

thermal inversion

d)

heat-island effect

e)

stratification

23.

The process of upwelling in a water body

a)

increases surface temperatures.

b)

brings up nutrients from the benthos.

c)

causes a decrease in precipitation on one side of a mountain.

d)

reduces turbidity in a water body.

24.

The high sea surface temperature in 1998 was most likely due to

a)

global warming.

b)

El Nino.

c)

La Nina.

d)

eutrophication.

e)

Pacific Annual Oscillation.

25.

This phenomenon occurs when a coastal mountain range blocks the passage of precipitation to the leeward side of the mountains.

a)

thermal inversion.

b)

Coriolis effect.

c)

rain shadow effect.

d)

urban heat island effect.

e)

ENSO.

26.

This air circulation pattern occurs between 0 degrees latitude and 30 degrees latitude.

a)

Hadley cell

b)

Ferrell cell

c)

polar cell

d)

Coriolis effect

27.

Which type of surface would have the highest albedo?

a)

dark pavement in a parking lot

b)

rich, dark soil

c)

a passive solar hot water heater collection box

d)

snow on a mountain top

28.

This effect describes the pattern of deflection taken by objects not firmly connected to the ground as they travel long distances around and above the Earth. It is responsible for many large-scale weather patterns.

a)

rain shadow effect

b)

Coriolis effect

c)

urban heat island effect

d)

ENSO

e)

thermal inversion

29.
All of the land that drains into a particular body of water is called a(n):
a)
watershed
b)
bedrock
c)
island
d)
aquifer
30.
What is an area of higher elevation that separates watersheds?
a)
Estuary
b)
Divide
c)
Wetland
d)
Transition zones
31.
What is a watershed?
a)
Water in an area
b)
Water that flows into a river or stream
c)
Land that water flows over and through
d)
Water that is salty
32.
What is all the water that runs off the surface of the land and washes into rivers, streams, and other waterways called?
a)
Runoff
b)
Storm Drain
c)
Surface Water
d)
Tributary
33.
What is a stream or river that feeds into a larger body of water?
a)
Tributary
b)
Estuary
c)
Bay
d)
Watershed
34.

All water eventually empties into

a)

an ocean

b)

a river

c)

the ground

d)

a lake

35.

40 % Sand

50% Silt

10% Clay

a)

Clay

b)

Clay Loam

c)

Silt Loam

d)

Sandy Loam

36.

70 % Sand

15% Silt

15% Clay

a)

Sandy Loam

b)

Clay

c)

Silt Loam

d)

Clay Loam

37.

35 % Sand

15% Silt

50% Clay

a)

Clay Loam

b)

Sandy Loam

c)

Silt Loam

d)

Clay

38.
Which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing particle size?
a)
clay-sand-silt
b)
sand-clay-silt
c)
silt-clay-sand
d)
clay-silt-sand
39.
Which is the correct order of soil horizons starting at the surface?
a)
A, B, E,C, O
b)
O, A, B, C, E
c)
O, E, A, B, C
d)
O, A, E, B, C
40.
Which soil component has the least capacity for holding water?
a)
silt
b)
clay
c)
sand
d)
humus
41.
Water gets into the cracks of rock and freezes, causing the rock to break.  What is this an example of?
a)
erosion
b)
weathering
42.

All of the layers of soil, taken together, are referred to as a

a)

soil horizon.

b)

soil diagram.

c)

soil profile.

d)

soil cake.

43.

Larger pore spaces generally create soils with

a)

high permeability.

b)

low permeability.

44.

Soils that hold water well typically have a lot of

a)

clay.

b)

sand.

c)

silt.

d)

loam.

45.

What is the primary cause of Earth's seasons?

a)

Its rotation

b)

Its revolution

c)

Its precession

d)

Its tilted axis

46.
What causes wind to blow?
a)
Differences in longitude 
b)
Shock waves from clouds 
c)
Differences in air temperature and pressure 
d)
The rotation of the earth
47.

Ozone in the stratosphere is responsible for blocking __ emitted by the sun

a)

infrared radiation

b)

gamma radiation

c)

visible light

d)

x-ray radiation

e)

ultraviolet radiation

48.

Which is the correct order of the convection cells, starting from the equator?

a)

Polar, Ferrell, Hadley

b)

Ferrell, Hadley, Polar

c)

Polar, Hadley, Ferrell

d)

Hadley, Ferrell, Polar

e)

Hadley, Polar, Ferrell

49.

Temperature in adiabatic heating occurs due to

a)

water vapor condensing

b)

a pressure increase

c)

absorption of sunlight

d)

a pressure decrease

e)

a volume increase

50.

High productivity and nutrient availability occurs in the ocean with

a)

gyres

b)

El Nino

c)

upwelling

d)

prevailing westerlies

e)

warm waters

51.

Which of the following has the highest soil nutrient levels?

a)

Temperate seasonal forest

b)

Hot desert

c)

Taiga/boreal forest

d)

Tropical rainforest

e)

Temperate rainforest

52.

Which is a direct result of the Coriolis Effect?

a)

Upwellings

b)

tides

c)

ocean conveyor belt

d)

Tsunami

e)

Ocean gyres

53.

Where is new crust created?

a)

Convergent Boundaries

b)

Transform Faults

c)

Divergent Boundaries

d)

Mountain Ranges

54.

Islands in the middle of a tectonic plate are usually associated with what phenomena?

a)

Subduction zones

b)

Hot Spots

c)

Divergent Boundaries

d)

Transform Faults

55.

The image associated with this questions is an example of what natural phenomena?

a)

La Nina

b)

El Nino

c)

Hadley Cells

d)

Coriolis Effect

56.

Which of the following changes in eastern Pacific Ocean food webs is typically associated with La Niña events?

a)

Decreased populations of squid

b)

Decreased populations of anchovies

c)

Increased phytoplankton concentrations

d)

Increased famine among sea lions and seals

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