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WorksheetsA-Level Exchange surfaces
Total questions: 62
Worksheet time: 37mins
Which block has the smallest surface area to volume ratio?
Green
Pink
Yellow
Exchanges between oganisms and their environment can take place by
Diffusion
Active Transport
Osmosis
All of the above
Find out the surface area to volume ratio for a cube with sides 2cm
1:3
3:1
0.33
2:1
Which of these is NOT a feature of specialised exchange surfaces?
large surface area relative to the volume of the organism
very thin so that diffusion distance is short
fully permeable to allow all materials to cross
movement of the environmental medium (e.g. air) to maintain a diffusion gradient
A transport system to ensure the movement of the internal medium, for example blood, in order to maintain a diffusion gradient
The flow of oxygen (in order) into the cells of an insect is
spiracles - trachea - tracheole fluid - cells - tracheole
spiracles - cells - trachea - tracheole - tracheole fluid
cells - tracheole fluid - tracheole - trachea - spiracles
spiracles - trachea - tracheole - tracheole fluid - cells
To prevent moisture loss Insects have a?
permeable exoskeleton
impermeable exoskeleton
Name the structure through which gases enter and leave the body of an insect.
tracheoles
alveoli
spiracle
lungs
Tubifex worms are small, thin animals that live in water. They have no specialised gas exchange or circulatory system. Name the process by which oxygen reaches the cells inside the body of a tubifex worm.
active transport
respiration
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
Which adaptations help reduce water loss in insects? (tick all that apply)
guard cells that open and close the spiracles
valves that open and close the spiracles
hairs around the spiracles
True or false:
Tracheoles have rings of chitin
true
false
To prevent moisture loss Insects have a?
permeable exoskeleton
impermeable exoskeleton
Respiratory gases move in and out of the tracheal system in insects in which THREE ways?
Mass transport-Contraction of muscles in insects can squeeze the trachea enabling movement of air in and out
Along a diffusion gradient
Countercurrent flow
The ends of the tracheoles are filled with water
Why is there a conflict in terrestrial insects between gas exchange and conserving water?
Gas exchange requires a thick permeable surface with a small area. Conserving water requires a thick, waterproof surface with a small area.
Gas exchange requires a thin permeable surface with a large area. Conserving water requires a thick, waterproof surface with a small area.
Gas exchange requires a thin impermeable surface with a large area. Conserving water requires a thick, waterproof surface with a small area.
How does the tracheal system limit the size of insects?
It relies on diffusion to bring oxygen to the respiring tissues. If insects were large, it would take too long for oxygen to reach the tissues rapidly enough to supply their needs
The extra chitin would make insects inflexible
It relies on active transport to bring oxygen to the respiring tissues. If insects were large, it would take too long for oxygen to reach the tissues rapidly enough to supply their needs
Name the three parts of a gill.
filament, lamellae, gill arch
filament, lamellae, operculum
surface area, filaments, gill
The gill cover is called the Operculum.
What is the percentage dissolved oxygen in water?
1%
5%
10%
20%
To overcome the low percentage of dissolved oxygen in water, bony fish have two major adaptations. These include?
Ventilation of the gills and unidirectional supply of water
Unidirectional supply of water and counter-current exchange of gases
Ventilation of the gills and counter-current exchange of gases.
Which gas exchange method is most efficient?
Parallel flow
Counter-current flow
How and why do most sharks constantly swim?
Mouth open, to drink water.
Mouth closed, to swim faster.
Mouth closed, to force water across their gills.
Mouth open, to force water across their gills.
Which structures increase the surface areas of the gills in fish? (select two)
Gill filaments
Lamellae
Gill arch
Operculum
How can some fish maintain a steep diffusion gradient across the entire gill lamellae?
Counter-current flow
Concurrent flow
Parallel flow
Unidirectional flow
What percentage of oxygen can bony fish absorb from the water?
50%
60%
70%
80%
Name the structure that protects fish gills from damage.
filaments
lamellae
operculum
gill arch
What is meant by a counter-current system?
A short distance for gases to diffuse
When water flows in an opposite direction to blood flow
having a higher concentration inside the lungs than outside
The counter-current flow of water and blood ensures that?
There is an equilibrium of oxygen between the blood and the water.
There is a weak concentration gradient between the blood and the oxygen in the water.
There is a continuous diffusion gradient of oxygen along the entire length of the gill filament
A parallel current flow would not achieve the same oxygen extraction rates because?
The concentrations across the gill would increase.
The concentrations across the gill would decrease.
The concentrations across the gill would quickly reach equilibrium
This type of gas exchange system is found in land animals.
Cutaneous respiration
Gills
Tracheal systems
Lungs
This type of gas exchange systems is exhibited by underwater organisms.
Cutaneous respiration
Gills
Tracheal systems
Lungs
This type of gas exchange system occurs through the skin of the organism.
Cutaneous respiration
Gills
Tracheal systems
Lungs
This type of gas exchange system is exhibited by earthworms.
Cutaneous respiration
Gills
Tracheal systems
Lungs
Which part of the human brain is considered the breathing center?
Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
These are the sites of gaseous exchange in the leaves and stems of young plants
Lenticels
Stomata
Alveoli
Capillaries
Which of these are leaf adaptations for rapid diffusion?
Large surface area of mesophyll cells
Many inter-connecting air spaces throughout mesophyll
Long diffusion pathway
Many small pores called stomata
I. High surface area
II. Thin walls
III. Dry surfaces
What happens when you breathe in? (tick all that apply)
diaphragm relaxes and moves up
diaphragm contracts and flattens
increases volume in thorax
reduces volume in thorax
pressure in thorax lower than outside
The diagram shows the structure of the human gas exchange system. Name organ P.
alveolus
trachea
bronchus
diaphragm
The diagram shows the structure of the human gas exchange system. Name organ Q.
alveolus
trachea
bronchus
diaphragm
Just before a person starts to exhale, the composition of the air in an alveolus differs from the composition of the air in the trachea. How would the composition differ? (tick all that apply)
less oxygen
more oxygen
more carbon dioxide
more water vapour
less water vapour
How does an increase in lung volume lead to air entering the lungs?
Produces higher pressure
Produces lower pressure
Which term describes the physical movements in the thorax which bring fresh air to the alveoli and remove stale air?
gas exchange
respiration
ventilation
circulation
Which of the following is/are true for inhalation?
internal intercostal muscles contract
ribcage moves up and out
volume in the thorax decreases
air enters when pressure in the thorax is below atmospheric pressure
Which of the following is/are true for exhalation?
internal intercostal muscles contract
abdominal muscles relax
diaphragm muscle relaxes and is dome-shaped
the pressure in the thorax increases above atmospheric pressure
Which of the following is/are correct adaptations of alveoli for fast gas exchange?
thin cell wall gives a short diffusion distance
moist inner surface to dissolve O2 and CO2
gas exchange maintains concentration gradients between alveoli and blood
close to blood capillaries gives a short diffusion distance
Ventilation maintains a high concentration of oxygen in the alveoli.
Which one of the following maintains a low concentration of oxygen in blood capillaries that are close by?
respiration
perspiration
circulation
evaporation
Which of the following muscles relax during inhaling?
A only
B only
A and C
B and C|
Which of the following muscles relax during exhaling?
A only
B only
A and C
B and C
