WorksheetsInterim #4 Review
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 43mins
An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semi-permeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation.Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semi-permeable membranes?
A. Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.
B. Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane.
C. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.
D. Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes
Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person’s pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person’s pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person’s pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music. Which component is missing from Carmen’s experiment?
A. a question
B. a hypothesis
C. a control group
D. a description of the experiment
The graph below shows atmospheric carbon dioxide levels since the year 1880. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
A. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are responsible for global temperature change.
B. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at about the same rate for the past century.
C. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have remained the same over the past century.
D. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at an increasingly higher rate as the past century has progressed.
A scientist performs an experiment to see if acids have an effect on the health of a particular type of plant. Three sets of plants were treated with acidic solutions of known pH while the control set was treated with a solution of neutral pH 7. Which is the best conclusion for this experiment?
A. Acid has no effect on the health of this type of plant.
B. High acidity is helpful to this type of plant.
C. Low acidity is harmful to this type of plant.
D. High acidity is harmful to this type of plant.
A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat. The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph?
A. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period.
B. Protozoans were more common in creek-fed ponds than embanked ponds.
C. Protozoans reproduce more quickly in embanked ponds than creek-fed ponds.
D. Infection in creed-fed ponds remained constant throughout the sampling period.
Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?
A. All living things are made of cells.
B. All cells come from other preexisting cells.
C. Cells form through spontaneous generation.
D. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory?
A. X-rays
B. computers
C. the light microscope
D. the scanning electron microscope
There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. lysosome
B. mitochondrion
C. nucleus
D. ribosome
Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell?
A. passive transport by diffusion
B. active transport using ATP
C. passive transport by osmosis
D. phagocytosis
Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?
A. bacteria
B. only animal cells
C. protists
D. both plant and animal cells
Which characteristic do most plants have in common?
A. they are unicellular
B. they are prokaryotic
C. they produce seeds
D. they are autotrophic
Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?
A. ribosome - protein synthesis
B. mitochondrion - movement
C. vacuole - cell division
D. nucleus - storage of nutrients
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?
A. The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.
B. The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.
C. The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient.
D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.
Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes and event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?
A. two stages of cell division
B. replication of cellular genetic material
C. daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
D. four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell
How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other?
A. sexual reproduction requires two parents and asexual reproduction requires only one parent
B. asexual reproduction requires two parents and sexual reproduction requires only one parent
C. mutation rates are lower in sexual reproduction than in asexual reproduction
D. asexual reproduction occurs only in multicellular organisms
Which type of reproduction leads to increased genetic variation on a population?
A. Parthenogenesis
B. asexual reproduction
C. Sexual reproduction
D. Vegetative reproduction
Which of the following phrases best describes cancer?
A. absence of cyclins in the DNA
B. multiple gene mutations on a chromosome of DNA
C. uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle
D. presence of genetic defects caused by hereditary disorders
As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloride acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?
A. It becomes inactive.
B. It begins to replicate.
C. It's shape changes to engulf large proteins.
D. It's activity increases to digest more proteins.
You are analyzing a compound in the laboratory. You find that it is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. How will you classify the compound?
A. lipid
B. protein
C. carbohydrate
D. nucleic acid
What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction?
A. The reaction rate will increase.
B. The equilibrium of the reaction will be maintained.
C. The reaction rate will decrease.
D. The reaction will stop.
The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements?
A. Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.
B. The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia.
C. The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action.
D. There is no connection between the two statements.
The enzyme lactase will break down the sugar lactose into which of the following components?
A. monosaccharides
B. nucleic acids
C. amino acids
D. phospholipids
In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
A. Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.
B. Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.
C. Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.
D. Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?
A. Only species Y is aerobic.
B. Only species Y is anaerobic.
C. Both species X and Y are aerobic.
D. Both species X and Y are anaerobic.
Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?
A. Only species Y is aerobic.
B. Only species Y is anaerobic.
C. Both species X and Y are aerobic.
D. Both species X and Y are anaerobic.
A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event?
A. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
B. As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells.
C. The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing.
D. As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP.
Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?
A. hydrogen
B. oxygen
C. nitrogen
D. carbon dioxide
Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
A. Water expands as it freezes.
B. Water is an excellent solvent.
C. Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
D. Water is able to moderate temperature.
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
A. Water is an acid.
B. Water is a versatile solvent.
C. Water has a high heat capacity.
D. Water acts as a buffer
Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent?
A. purity
B. polarity and cohesion
C. high heat capacity
D. expansion upon freezing
The diagram below represents a cell of a green plant.
Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Which of these best completes this concept map?
A. an animal cell
B. a prokaryotic cell
. a prokaryotic cell C. a virus
D. a plant cell
Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes and event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?
A. two stages of cell division Bl
B. replication of cellular genetic material
C. daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
D. four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell
How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other?
A. sexual reproduction requires two parents and asexual reproduction requires only one parent
B. asexual reproduction requires two parents and sexual reproduction requires only one parent
C. mutation rates are lower in sexual reproduction than in asexual reproduction
D. asexual reproduction occurs only in multicellular organisms
Which row in the chart below indicates the correct process for each event indicated?
A. row 1
B. row 2
C. row 3
D. row 4
The diagram below shows two strawberry plants. Plant 2 is produced asexually from Plant 1. If the leaf cells of Plant 1 have 56 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be found in the leaf cells of Plant 2?
A. 14
B. 28
C. 56
D. 112
The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms. What is the name of this process?
A. meiosis
B. mitosis
C. endocytosis
D. phagocytosis
The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur. Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?
A. Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.
B. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
C. Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration.
D. Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.
A diagram representing the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is shown below. The numbered boxes in the diagram represent which of the following?
A. 1 - water; 2 - nitrogen
B. 1 - nitrogen; 2 - oxygen
C. 1 - oxygen; 2 - carbon dioxide
D. 1 - carbon dioxide; 2 - water
Scientists are studying the evolutionary history of a group of plants in the United States, and they developed an evolutionary tree, as shown below. What information about the organisms best helps the scientists to determine the evolutionary relationships among them?
A. DNA sequences
B. Anatomical features
C. Habitat types
D. Reproductive Strategies
The diagram below shows a proposed theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, called endosymbiosis. Which of the following explains why cells that contained mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage?
A. They were able to photosynthesize .
B. They had more DNA
C. They were able to make more use of available energy
D. They were immune to bacterial invasion
A human baby boy inherits a recessive allele from his mother. In which circumstance would he most likely show the trait coded for by the recessive allele?
A. The baby inherits the dominant allele from his father.
B. The allele is on an autosomal chromosome and the baby is a twin. .
C. The allele is on the X chromosome.
D. The allele is on the Y chromosome
Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait. This hypothesis is supported by which observation?
A. Haploid cells are produced by mitosis.
B. Diploid cells are produced by mitosis.
C. Haploid cells are produced by meiosis.
D. Diploid cells are produced by meiosis.
This diagram shows a diploid cell with two pairs of homologous chromosomes. Due to independent assortment, what is the possible genetic make-up of gametes produced by this organism?
A. SsTt
B. Ss, Tt
C. S, s, T, t
D. ST, St, sT, st
This diagram shows a pedigree for a recessive genetic disorder. What is the genotype of individual 6?
A. XHXH
B. XHXh
C. XHY
D. Xh Y
Genes for medically important proteins can be cloned and inserted into bacteria, as shown in the diagram below.
A. DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same.
B. Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells.
C. The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.
D. Bacterial cells and human cells contain the same kind of chromosomes.
A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed only one the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?
A. The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil.
B. UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.
C. Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.
D. Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid.
A diagram of a cellular process is shown below.
Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?
A. Translation
B. Translocation
C. Replication
D. Transcription
During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.
A. yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for.
B. yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype.
C. Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur.
D. It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.
Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented below
There is an error in the DNA in which molecule?
A. segment 1 only
B. segment 3 only
C. segment 2 and 3
D. segment 2 and 4
The Miller-Urey experiment of 1953 was designed to test the hypothesis that lightning supplied the energy needed to turn atmospheric gases into organic molecules such as amino acids. Which of the following describes why the Miller-Urey theory is widely accepted today?
A. Amino acids spontaneously form from molecules in the atmosphere today.
B. Organic molecules are present today in extremely high concentrations.
C. The process of synthesizing organic molecules from a mixture of gases has been successfully modeled in the laboratory.
D. No other alternative hypotheses have been introduced
Which of the following best illustrates natural selection?
A. An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.
B. A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.
C. A community whose members work together utilizing all existing resources and migratory routes.
D. The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.
The diagram illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms. Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos shown in the diagram?
A. The organisms share a common ancestry.
B. The organisms belong to the same genus.
C. The organisms are native to the same geographic areas.
D. The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults.
Scientists have found evidence that about 2.4 million years ago a gene regulating jaw muscles mutated and may have led to the more graceful human jaw we see today. The diagram below shows the skulls of 3 hominid species. Which statement below most closely explains the link between jaw size and hominid evolution?
A. The jaws of hominids evolved to be smaller and less protruding over time.
B. The jaws of hominids evolved to be larger and more protruding over time.
C. There appears to be no change in the jaws of hominids over time.
D. The jaws of hominids changed over time due to a change in brain size.
Scientists are studying the evolutionary history of a group of plants in the United States, and they developed an evolutionary tree, as shown below. Which statement can be inferred from the evolutionary tree?
A. Species 1 is most closely related to Species 8.
B. Species 2 is most closely related to Species 3.
C. Species 3 is most closely related to Species 7.
D. Species 5 is most closely related to Species 6.
The scientific theory of evolution is supported by different types of evidence. The diagrams below show the skeletons of two different animal species. How does comparing the skeletons of these animals provide support for the scientific theory of evolution?
A. It provides information about the organisms' habitats.
B. It shows possible common ancestry between organisms.
C. It provides information to determine the organisms' ages.
D. It shows possible chromosomal similarities between organisms.
The ability to develop and use tools was first seen in early hominids. Which of the following characteristics was the main factor that contributed to this ability?
A. small jaw
B. bipedalism
C. compact skull
D. language skills
Stem cell research has been a controversial subject in past years. What is the reason for this?
A. Cells for study are often taken from human embryos.
B. Stem cell techniques will not accomplish the intended purpose.
C. The cells cannot be isolated.
D. Replacement tissue will never be grown from a person's own stem cells.
While genetic engineering has positive benefits, there are also concerns associated with widespread use of genetic engineering in agriculture. If many farmers begin to plant more genetically modified crops that have an increased tolerance to insects, which of the following may result?
A. an increase in the use of pesticides
B. a decrease in genetic diversity of the crops
C. an increase in the contamination of the water supply
D. a decrease in crop productivity
Which technology below would probably be the most important to a person who had diabetes and had to take insulin every day?
A. testing parents for genetic disorders before they have children
B. engineering fruits and vegetables that resist insects and other pests
C. developing ways to identify criminals through DNA fingerprinting
D. using recombinant DNA to produce human hormones from bacteria
Mutations within a DNA sequence are
A. natural processes that produce genetic diversity
B. natural processes that always affect the phenotype
C. unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
D. unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
