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Genetics Ls. 12

Total questions: 126

Worksheet time: 2hrs 11mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the definition of genotype?
a)
The physical expression of a trait
b)
The genetic combination of alleles 
c)
the genes on a DNA strand
2.
What is the definition of phenotype?
a)
The physical expression of a trait
b)
The genetic combination of alleles
c)
A gene on the DNA strand
3.
The condensed form of DNA is called________________
a)
an allele
b)
a gene
c)
a chromosome
d)
a phenotype
4.
Where, in the eukaryotic cell, is DNA located?
a)
ribosomes
b)
nucleus
c)
E.R.
d)
cytoplasm
5.
What is the percentage of offspring that have green pods?
a)
100%
b)
75%
c)
50%
d)
25%
6.
This image shows a...
a)
Punnett Square
b)
Phenotype
c)
Genotype
d)
Dominant allele
7.
If green is dominant over purple, then what is the genotype for this individual?
a)
Purple
b)
Green
c)
GG
d)
gg
8.
If something is heterozygous, it is also...
a)
purebred
b)
hybrid
c)
dominant
d)
recessive
9.
Another word for homozygous is...
a)
purebred
b)
hybrid
c)
heterozygous
d)
dominant
10.
 Recessive alleles are-
a)
capital
b)
lowercase
c)
both
d)
neither
11.
 Dominant alleles are-
a)
capital
b)
lowercase
c)
both
d)
neither
12.
Tt is-
a)
homozygous dominant
b)
homozygous recessive
c)
heterozygous
d)
none of these
13.
The scientific study of heredity.
a)
Biology
b)
Gene Therapy
c)
Genetic Counseling
d)
Genetics
14.
Genes are passed from parents to offspring on 
a)
DNA
b)
duplicated genes
c)
chromosomes
d)
little boats
15.
Characteristics can also be called
a)
heredity
b)
traits
c)
gene 
d)
alleles
16.
The different forms of a gene
a)
heredity
b)
genetics
c)
gene
d)
alleles
17.

A set of instructions for an inherited trait

a)

Gene

b)

Trait

c)

Allele

d)

Chromosome

18.
This trait always shows up in an organism when the allele is present
a)
dominant allele
b)
codominance
c)
probability
d)
recessive allele
19.
This trait is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present
a)
dominant allele
b)
codominance
c)
recessive allele
d)
Punnett Square
20.

An Austrian monk who studied pea plants and established the laws of heredity; the father of modern genetics.

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

Gregor Mendel

c)

James Watson

d)

Robert Hooke

21.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribonucleic acid
b)
Denitrogenous acid
c)
Deribonucleic acid
d)
Diribonucleic acid
22.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
23.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
24.
In DNA, Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
25.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
26.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
27.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
b)
adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
c)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
d)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
28.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
29.
Which shows the correct complementary base pairing for DNA?
a)
C-A, T-G
b)
A-G, C-T
c)
C-G, U-A
d)
T-A, G-C
30.
Who is responsible for producing this image?
a)
Francis Crick
b)
James Watson
c)
Rosalind Franklin
d)
Watson and Crick
31.
How did Rosalind Franklin's photo 51 affect the work of Watson and Crick?
a)
It was used to determine the physical structure of DNA
b)
It was used to identify the four bases that make up DNA
c)
It was used to determine the theory of independent assortment
d)
It was used to show DNA was the molecule of inheritance
32.
What was Watson and Crick's main scientific accomplishment?
a)
Building the first accurate model of DNA
b)
Isolating strains of pneumonia causing bacteria
c)
Determining base pairing rules
d)
Discovering the process of genetic transformation
33.
Who was responsible for the model shown?
a)
Oswald Avery
b)
Watson and Crick
c)
Erwin Chargaff
d)
Rosalind Franklin
34.
Which sugar is contained in DNA
a)
Dextrose
b)
Ribose
c)
Deoxyribose
d)
Glucose
35.
Watson and Crick were the first to suggest that DNA is _____
a)
a short molecule
b)
the shape of a double helix
c)
a protein molecule
d)
the genetic material
36.
The twisted ladder shape of DNA is known as a
a)
Double Helix
b)
Triple Helix
c)
Single Helix
d)
Triple Helix
37.
The main goal of the Human Genome Project is to
a)
identify the unique parts of each person's DNA.
b)
identify genes responsible for human diseases.
c)
identify genes responsible for human behavior.
d)
determine the entire sequence of human DNA.
38.

Who is the "Father of Modern Genetics"?

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

Gregor Mendel

c)

Robert Hooke

d)

Edward O Wilson

39.

How many genes were discovered by the Human Genome Project?

a)

5,000-10,000

b)

10,000-15,000

c)

20,000-25,000

d)

50,000-55,000

40.

In DNA, cytosine pairs with -

a)

guanine

b)

adenine

c)

uracil

d)

thymine

41.

The hereditary material that controls all cellular activities is called -

a)

cytoplasm

b)

DNA

c)

ATP

d)

chloroplast

42.

What forms the chemical code within a molecule of DNA?

a)

the arrangement of the sugars and bases

b)

the arrangement of the nitrogenous bases

c)

the arrangement of the phosphates and sugars

d)

the arrangement of the chromosomes

43.

DNA is sometimes compared to a ladder. What two molecules make up the sides of the DNA ladder?

a)

phosphate and nitrogen base

b)

nitrogen base and ribose

c)

phosphate and ribose

d)

phosphate and deoxyribose

44.

What are the main components of DNA? CHOOSE 3

a)

sugars

b)

salts

c)

phosphates

d)

oxides

e)

nitrogenous bases

45.

In DNA, adenine pairs with the nitrogenous base -

a)

guanine

b)

thymine

c)

uracil

d)

cytosine

46.

The small segments of DNA that help code for a trait (labeled Z in the image)are called -

a)

nucleotides

b)

genes

c)

chromosomes

d)

DNA

47.

Which of the following statements about heredity are true? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

a)

Men have more chromosomes than women.

b)

Human body cells have 46 chromosomes.

c)

Human sex cells have 23 chromosomes.

d)

Human sex cells have 46 chromosomes.

e)

Women have more chromosomes than men.

48.

In a genotype, what does a lowercase letter represent?

a)

a dominant trait

b)

a recessive trait

c)

incomplete dominance

d)

multiple dominance

49.

The physical appearance of an organism (for example, a flower being either purple or white as in the photo) is called its -

a)

genetic code

b)

allele

c)

genotype

d)

phenotype

50.

In the Punnett square, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). What is the resulting phenotype of all four offspring?

a)

brown fur

b)

white fur

c)

black fur

d)

mixture of brown and black fur

51.

If free ear lobes (L) are dominant over attached ear lobes (l), what would be the phenotype of an individual with the genotype ll ?

a)

attached ear lobes

b)

free ear lobes

c)

one ear lobe attached, one ear lobe free

d)

semi-attached ear lobes

52.

In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). If a hybrid black fur rabbit mated with a purebred white fur rabbit, what percentage of the offspring would have black fur?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

53.

Widow's peak (W) is a dominant trait. Straight hairline (w) is a recessive trait. If both parents are hybrids (Ww) for the trait, and they have 4 children. How many out of the 4 children are likely to have widow's peak?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

e)

none

54.

Which of the following are phenotypes? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY

a)

curly hair

b)

CC

c)

straight hair

d)

ss

e)

blue eyes

55.

Brown eyes (B) is dominant over blue eyes (b). What would be the possible genotype/s for brown eyes? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY

a)

BB

b)

Bb

c)

bb

56.

Which of the following traits are inherited traits? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

a)

pierced ears

b)

a dog with yellow fur

c)

naturally curly hair

d)

a sun tan

e)

a declawed cat

57.

Which is the sex chromosome combination for a female?

a)

XX

b)

XY

c)

XXY

d)

X

58.

If a red snapdragon flower crosses with a white snapdragon flower, the offspring will be pink flowers. What does this represent?

a)

a recessive trait

b)

a dominant trait

c)

purebred dominance

d)

incomplete dominance

59.

The doctor tells a woman her baby has X and Y chromosomes (XY). Is her baby a boy or a girl?

a)

boy

b)

girl

60.

A change or mistake in the DNA can cause -

a)

meiosis

b)

incomplete dominance

c)

a mutation

d)

a phenotype

61.

The term genetic engineering is best described as -

a)

creating new DNA strands from old DNA strands

b)

creating new organisms by combining the DNA of many different organisms

c)

causing organisms to evolve by changing their nucleotide sequence in the zygote

d)

transferring genes from the genetic material of one organism to the genetic material of another organism

62.

The Human Genome Project was completed in April of 2003, through the combined efforts of many scientists around the globe. What best describes the primary objective (purpose) of the project?

a)

to identify people with genetic diseases

b)

to treat people with genetic diseases

c)

to map (find the location) of all genes in the human genome (genetic code)

d)

to map (find the location) of all the chromosomes in the human body

63.

Which two scientists were the first to develop an accurate model of the DNA molecule? CHOOSE 2

a)

James Watson

b)

Gregor Mendel

c)

Robert Hooke

d)

Francis Crick

64.
What is a factor that is covered up by another trait?
a)
Recessive
b)
Dominant
65.
Which generation in Mendel's experiments showed a 3:1 ratio of traits?
a)
The second generation offspring
b)
The first generation offspring
c)
The original parents
d)
None of the above
66.
What did Gregor Mendel find out from his experiments?
a)
Pea plants only reproduce sexually
b)
There must be two sets of instructions for each characteristic
c)
Each parent gives two sets of genes to the offspring
67.
Genes are found on
a)
sex cells
b)
alleles 
c)
chromosomes
d)
ribosomes
68.
What is a pedigree?
a)
A very important historical event
b)
An organism with more than one trait
c)
A diagram that tells you how heredity is passed down through the cells for many organisms
d)
A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait over several generations
69.
A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?
a)
Incomplete Dominance
b)
Co dominance
c)
Independent assortment
d)
Recessive inheritance
70.
In the second generation-how many people have the disease or display the physical trait?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
5
d)
6
71.
If a gene is found only on the X chromosome and not the Y chromosome, it is said to be what?
a)
sex-linked trait
b)
polygenic trait
c)
codominant trait
d)
incomplete dominance trait
72.

The purpose of placing a celery stalk in water with food coloring added to the water is

a)

it will show how water is pulled up the xylem tissue

b)

it will show how water is pulled up the phloem tissue

c)

it will show how a celery stalk loses turgor pressure

d)

it shows nothing

73.

If global climate changed to no snow where the snowshoe hare lives, what will probably happen to the snowshoe hare's fur color in the winter (after several generations)?

a)

The fur will stay white

b)

The fur will be brown all year

c)

The snowshoe hare will not be affected at all

d)

The fur will be light brown.

74.

Sexual reproduction happens in

a)

plants only

b)

animals only

c)

some plants and animals

d)

only in one celled organisms

75.

___________ reproduction happens when sex cells from both parents join.

a)

Asexual

b)

Sexual

c)

Binary fission

d)

Budding

76.

Amoebas, hydras, and yeast reproduce asexually so

a)

offspring is exactly like their parents

b)

offspring is not like either parent

c)

offspring take a long time to be born

d)

offspring will survive if something wipes their parent out

77.

____________ transports water up the plant from the roots

a)

Phloem

b)

Cambium

c)

Leaves

d)

Xylem

78.

Budding is asexual reproduction because

a)

the genetic material is the same as both parents

b)

the genetic material is the same as one parent

c)

the genetic material is different from both parents

d)

the genetic material is the different than both parents

79.

If a chicken farmer wanted to increase hens that produce more eggs, he would

a)

feed the hens more

b)

give hens more antibiotics

c)

breed hens that produce more eggs than other hens

d)

keep the rooster away

80.
Which of the following genotypes is homozygous dominant?
a)
A
b)
Aa
c)
AA
d)
aa
81.
Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?
a)
Bb
b)
BB
c)
bb
d)
B
82.
In a flowering plant species, red flower color (R) is dominant over white flower color (r). What is the genotype of any red-flowering plant resulting from this species?
a)
rr
b)
R
c)
RR
d)
RR or Rr
83.
What you see, or the physical appearance.
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Homozygous
d)
Heterozygous
84.
How many alleles (letters) does a child get from each parent for each trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
85.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
Aa
b)
red hair
c)
heterozygous
d)
DNA
86.
One form of a gene is called_______________
a)
a DNA
b)
a Phenotype
c)
a trait
d)
an allele
87.
In this punnett square, which is the dominant trait?
The B stands for bud.
a)
purple flower bud
b)
white flower bud
c)
dominant
d)
recessive
88.
The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics 
a)
gene
b)
genetics 
c)
meiosis 
d)
hybrid 
89.
this image is an example of
a)
codominance
b)
dominance
c)
incomplete dominance
90.
this image is an example of
a)
codominance
b)
dominance
c)
incomplete dominance
91.
Which of the following cell types is formed by meiosis?
a)
muscle cells
b)
skin cells
c)
sperm cells
d)
blood cells
92.
Sex cells are produced through the process of
a)
mitosis
b)
cytokinesis
c)
binary fission
d)
meiosis
93.
What does heterozygous mean?
a)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (TT or tt)
b)
An organism that has different genes for a trait (Tt)
c)
When neither gene is fully dominant; offspring is a mixture of both
d)
the different forms of a trait (hair color--> brown, blonde, red
94.

A nucleotide consists of

a)

DNA

b)

adenine and thymine

c)

A phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous base

d)

genes

95.

In a double strand of DNA, the nitrogen bases only pair in a certain combination. Which combination is correct?

a)

A-C and T-G

b)

C-T and A-G

c)

A-T and G-C

d)

A-A C-C

96.

A stand of DNA contains the following bases AGCTATAC

What would be the bases on the complementary strand?

a)

AGCTATAC

b)

TCGATATG

c)

TGCTTATG

d)

CTAGCGCT

97.

During meiosis, one parent cell gives rise to how many daughter cells?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

98.

Human gametes contain how many chromosomes?

a)

46

b)

23

c)

12

d)

28

99.
Incomplete dominance means that the traits are
a)
expressed equally
b)
dominant
c)
recessive
d)
blended
100.
A GMO is
a)
A mutant animal
b)
An organism that is made up of lots of different organisms
c)
a genetically mutated option of the human genome
d)
an organism whose DNA has been purposely altered by human intervention
101.
A single cross such as flower color.
a)
mono hybrid
b)
dihybrid
c)
crossing over
d)
homozygous
102.
If "T" is the allele for tall and "t" is the allele for short, then Tt would produce?
a)
tall
b)
short
c)
medium
d)
not enough info
103.
A physical characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring.
a)
behavior
b)
trait
c)
strong muscles
d)
ability to fly a plane.
104.
One of the threadlike structures in the nucleus of a cell that contain directions for the cell's activities
a)
variation
b)
pedigree
c)
DNA
d)
chromosome
105.
A chart that traces the history of traits in a particular family
a)
DNA
b)
pedigree
c)
chromosome
d)
variation
106.
Ability to to ride a motorcycle
a)
inherited triat
b)
acquired trait
c)
genes
d)
Keelan
107.
Organisms that always produce offspring with the same traits are known as
a)
purebred
b)
hybrid
c)
dominant trait
d)
recessive trait
108.
What ratio of the offspring from the cross shown will be homozygous recessive for the trait of tallness? 
a)
0 in 4
b)
1 in 4
c)
2 in 4
d)
4 in 4
109.
The mathematical chance that something will happen is known as...
a)
chance
b)
luck
c)
probability
110.
G = dominant green and y = recessive yellow
A fish has a Gy genotype, what will its phenotype be?
a)
yellow
b)
green
c)
greenish-yellow
d)
red
111.
What are the possible phenotypes in this punnett square?
a)
Bb, bb, BB
b)
purple, white
c)
Bb, bb
d)
light purple
112.

Two identical alleles for a trait is known as

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

c)

mutation

d)

codominance

113.
the children or young, such as babies or puppies, that are the result of reproduction
a)
offspring
b)
parents
c)
genes
d)
code
114.
rods or x-shaped structures made up of the DNA molecule, found in pairs
a)
traits
b)
offspring
c)
chromosomes
d)
genes
115.
characteristics, such as facial features, eye color, hair color, skin color, or height
a)
traits
b)
genes
c)
codes
d)
offspring
116.
This is a
a)
plant cell
b)
animal cell
c)
chromosome
d)
gene
117.
"2" represents a section of DNA
(or stripe on a chromosome) called
a)
a human
b)
a gene
c)
the nucleus
d)
a cell
118.
From SMALLEST, to LARGEST
a)
 gene, chromosome, nucleus, cell
b)
Gene, DNA, nucleus, chromosome
c)
Gene, chromosome, nucleus, DNA
d)
DNA, chromosome, gene, nucleus
119.

Humans with genetic diseases can have a gene inserted into their body using a virus. This is called:

a)

Gene therapy

b)

Cloning

c)

DNA fingerprinting

120.

A circular piece of DNA, found in bacteria, is called:

a)

A plasmid

b)

mRNA

c)

Ribosome

d)

Nucleotide

121.
Corn and rice are two of these most genetically modified crops in the US.
a)
true
b)
false
122.
When DNA is manipulated and moved from one source to another it is known as
a)
genetic engineering
b)
electrophoresis
c)
gene therapy
d)
GMO
123.
Making changes in the DNA of an organism is
a)
selective breeding
b)
artificial selection
c)
genetic engineering
d)
genetic transformation
124.
Which term refers to a farmer choosing the best corn from this year to plant next year?
a)
natural selection
b)
selective breeding
c)
genetic engineering
d)
genetic transformation
125.
Parkinson's is a disease that could be potentially cured through_____. 
a)
Gene Therapy
b)
Gene Modification
c)
Selective Breeding
d)
Animal Husbandry
126.
Why aren't more scientists using gene modification?
a)
Because they are poor
b)
Because they are lazy
c)
Because of ethics and morality
d)
Because of how long it takes

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