is a sequence of steps required to implement a solution using giving resources.

Components of Computer Science

The primary component responsible for these computations is called

A processor has two main functions

"Data path" consists of two main components :

"Control unit" consists of two main components :

It has the ability to perform different mathematical operations on numbers, Comparing the magnitude of numbers :

is the small memory component used to hold the data temporarily for the ALU:

The complete list of instructions that a processor can understand and execute is called

ISA defines the types of instructions supported by the processor which typically classified into three type :

تذكر : لوجيتك ححول قفزا

An ISA that implements basic operations is called a Reduced Instruction Set Computer

An ISA that implement complex operations is called a Complex Instruction Set Computer

stores the data as long as power is available.

memory keeps its data even when the power is turned off

RAM can be read and written on, and is usually volatile

An important property of software programs regularly exploited in computer systems is called

ROM is volatile Memory

are most widely used as online/ active storage for desktop computers.

consists of multiple platters, read-write heads

It still used for archival purposes.

has longer shelf life then hard disks.

provide high data rates, fast , have no moving parts

also called: Processor bus ,Front side bus ,Back side bus

is based on non-volatile flash memory, which stores data using transistors.

is a key component of computer science

How much memory can be connected to a processor depends on the bit-size of the processor, Also known as its :

Used to specify the address of a device or memory location to communicate with. typically a 32 bit system would have 32 line for addresses.

Used to transfer data between the address specified by the address bus and the Processor

Used to control the timing ,events ,and transaction

If a larger number of devices is connected to the control bus , performance will suffer

the speed at which the data is passed from one component to another in a computer system

Higher clock speed mean is that the processor think faster.

a higher bus speed means that a processor talks faster

dictates the rate at which data can enter and leaves the processor chips

is the number of instructions a processor can process in one second

Cache is a high-speed access area that can be a reserved section of main memory

Disk caching is used to access commonly accessed data

A disk cache is :

Computer Program is

Intels X86 architecture is an example of ........................... architecture

The standard method of measuring a processors performance is through program called

............... Is used to transfer data between devices

The two processors, Exynos by Samsung and snapdragon by Qualcomm are examples of

Function are able to receive values of variables to work on , called ..............

We move further away from the processor , the memory in the level below become .....

In flowgorithm, it is used to create variables and arrays

The implemented instructions in hardware varies from one processor to another even when both processors implement the same ISA.

Programmer to be able to observe the value of all valuable at every step to program called

Which of the following loops performance a pre-iteration of the loop condition

In a processor which component determines what instruction mean and what needs to be done for the instruction

Available will be used to store text like data , the most appropriate type of variable

( available) in flowgorithm is a ....................

When comparing two processors , which of the following is considered a better metric than others :

هنا اختلف العلماء بين اجابتين ولكن وضعت الخيار الصحيح حسب الكتاب

Which block is used to print a message to the console window ?

Which of the following keyboard keys make you save a flowgorithm file ؟

Set of the value passed to function

Access time is the time taken to position the head on a specific track ?

The CPU understands instructions written in a binary machine language

The three components of computer science are theory , tools and Techniques

All elements of an array are of the same data type

is a system within a computer or device, consisting of a connector or set of wires, that provides transportation for data

-----------design and analyze algorithms to solve computationally intensive problems .

Computer scientists Use :

The success depends on things

.........computation, algorithms and data structures

..........Computer elements and architecture

......Programming methodology and languages

Ability to perform different mathematical operation

part of very small memory component Which receives instructions AND keep track instructions that need executed : ص19

Some processors used for complex applications are still 8-bits or 16-bits.

most high-performance processors used in scientific applications are 128-bit architectures.

its The bit size and it a processor determines the magnitude of integers that it can process

ADD, SUB, XOR. Its a

registers & vise versa.

E.g.: MOV, LOAD

instructions & jumping to instructions at various other locations

results in higher performance but requires more expensive hardware

new data can be stored on it flash memory and Cd card

Main memory ex for

It stores input data, intermediate results, programs, and other information Temporarily

The processor gets all the instructions from it.

and stores all its data in it.

There are some programs and instructions which the computer needs whenever it turns on.

most program tend to reuse data and ins they have used recently

(ins = instructions) معلومة

There are two kind of locality in softwere

pertain item that whose address are near one another and tend to be referenced closely together in time

pertains to recently accessed item are likely to be accessed in the near future

Any hardware that is physically placed closer to the processor is faster.

Which is not directly addressable by the processor but is accesse through an input/output device interface AND It refers to a kind of non-volatile long

term memory.

is safe place for store thing it is first level of memory

Cache is type of memory it place so close to processor

Processor finds request data item in cache it called

Processor don’t found request or data called

example for storage unit

Hard disk have two important parameter which determine access speed

time take to position the head on specific track

the time required to move a requested sector under the head

most embedded computer employed in simpler device suc h as -TV- microwaves - use :

Hard disk slower then RAM

Core I7 runing at 3 GHZ faster then core I7 run at 2.8 GHZ

flow charts

Flowgorithm :

Flowgorithm can change language from press

computers need the ability to store or remember values. This is done using

----------------in computer programs are containers that can store different kinds of numbers or text

Types of variables

------------------- value are write in double quotes (“----”) Number store as string cannot used for collations

Stores only 1 bit of inf with one or two possible option

Simple mathematic operation

10 Mod 3 (يعني باقي القسمة اقسم العدد وشوف كم باقي)

Task Repetition is an essential element of computer program the structure used to define repetition in computer program is called

sequences of blocks, is put inside a loop and is run repeatedly and is called :

Each execution of the code inside a loop

loops are mainly three different types:

----------usually used when it is know beforehand how many time the body of the loop is to be executed

------------.Usually use when it is not known beforehand how manytime the body of the loop is to be executed

Different between do-while , while

While begins by checking the condtion to determine whether to execute thevery iteration then execute the body of loop

Do while begin by executing the first iteration and only after ward cechs the status of the condtion

Each element of an array can be accessed by the name given to the array and a number indicating its location in the array

read statement value from the keyboard and stores the result in a variable

calculates an expression and then stores the result in a variable

diamond chip mean

hexagon

evaluates a Boolean expression and if true executes statement . it rechecks the expression and loop until it is false

Allow program to both reuse code and simplify logic data is passed into function using parameters

transfer control to function inf is passed into the function using “argument”

don’t affect how your program run used for documentation about program for other programmer

refer to process of removing any error in computer program

temporarily halts execution of program is useful both debugging program for demonstration

. “condition check – execute – condition check – execute – ... – condition check –exit

“Execute – condition check – executive – ... – condition check – exit”

When the decision of performing a certain number of step depend on truth or falsehood of logical or mathematical statement the appropriate block to use in flowchart is

Break point is a block that

Number of type variable

The keyboard symbol used to represent the mathematics multiplication operation is