Font size
WorksheetsNervous System Review
Total questions: 136
Worksheet time: 7hrs 48mins
What are the TWO (2) main functions of the Nervous system?
Electrical Control Center for All the body's activities
Responds to Motor Outputs with Sensory Inputs
Chemical Control Center for all the body's activities
Responds to Sensory Inputs with Motor Outputs in response to stimuli
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Motor Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of what?
12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves
Brain
31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves
Spinal Cord
Nerves of the Body
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of what?
12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves
Brain
31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves
Spinal Cord
Nerves of the Body
The Peripheral Nervous System PNS divides into what 2 nervous systems?
Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
Sensory Nervous System
Motor Nervous System
What is the function of the sensory nervous system?
Carries output from the brain to control muscles and glands
Carries input from receptors of the body to the brain
Controls fight or flight responses
Controls the automatic reflexes
What is the function of the motor nervous system?
Carries output from the brain to control muscles and glands
Carries input from receptors of the body to the brain with information on pain, touch, temperature and pressure
Controls fight or flight responses
Controls the automatic reflexes
The motor nervous system divides into what two nervous systems?
Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
Sensory Nervous System
Motor Nervous System
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
Receiving sensation from and sending motor output to the skeletal muscle
Controlling all muscles and glands
Controlling rest and digest responses
Receiving sensation from and sending motor output to the cardiac and smooth muscle
What is the function of the somatic nervous system?
Receiving sensation from and sending motor output to the skeletal muscle
Controlling all muscles and glands
Controlling rest and digest responses
Receiving sensation from and sending motor output to the cardiac and smooth muscle
The Autonomic nervous system divides into what two nervous systems?
Motor Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Rest and Digest responses to Cardiac Muscle, Smooth Muscle and Glands
Fight or Flight Responses to Cardiac Muscle, Muscle and Glands
Fight or Flight Responses to Skeletal Muscle
Rest and Digest Responses to Skeletal Muscle
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?
Rest and Digest responses to Cardiac Muscle, Smooth Muscle and Glands
Fight or Flight Responses to Cardiac Muscle, Muscle and Glands
Fight or Flight Responses to Skeletal Muscle
Rest and Digest Responses to Skeletal Muscle
Which of the following would NOT be a response from the parasympathetic nervous system?
Lowering of the Heart Rate
Peristalsis (Movement of food through the GI Tract)
Lowering of the breathing rate
Constricting the pupil of the eye
Rerouting blood flow to skeletal muscle
Which of the following would NOT be a response from the sympathetic nervous system?
Raising the Heart Rate
Peristalsis (Movement of food through the GI Tract)
Raising the Breathing Rate
Dilating the pupil of the eye
Rerouting blood flow to skeletal muscle
What is the major neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
What is the major neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system?
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Identify number 1
Axon
Myelin
Node of Ranvier
Axon Sheath
Axon Terminal
Identify number 2
Axon
Myelin
Node of Ranvier
Axon Sheath
Axon Terminal
Identify number 3
Axon
Myelin
Node of Ranvier
Axon Sheath
Axon Terminal
Identify number 4
Axon
Myelin
Node of Ranvier
Axon Sheath
Axon Terminal
Identify number 5
Nucleus
Axon Hillock
Dendrite
Cell Body/Soma
Identify number 6
Nucleus
Axon Hillock
Dendrite
Cell Body/Soma
Identify number 7
Nucleus
Axon Hillock
Dendrite
Cell Body/Soma
What is the function of number 6?
Sending electrical signals to neighboring neurons
Receive signals from neighboring neurons
Site where action potentials occur
Storage and release of neurotransmitter
Insulates the axon from lost of charge and reduces the amount of membrane that needs to be depolarized
What is the function of number 3?
Sending electrical signals to neighboring neurons
Receive signals from neighboring neurons
Site where action potentials occur
Storage and release of neurotransmitter
Insulates the axon from lost of charge and reduces the amount of membrane that needs to be depolarized
What is the function of number 1?
Sending electrical signals to neighboring neurons
Receive signals from neighboring neurons
Site where action potentials occur
Storage and release of neurotransmitter
Insulates the axon from lost of charge and reduces the amount of membrane that needs to be depolarized
What is the function of number 4?
Sending electrical signals to neighboring neurons
Receive signals from neighboring neurons
Site where action potentials occur
Storage and release of neurotransmitter
Insulates the axon from lost of charge and reduces the amount of membrane that needs to be depolarized
What is the function of number 2?
Sending electrical signals to neighboring neurons
Receive signals from neighboring neurons
Site where action potentials occur
Storage and release of neurotransmitter
Insulates the axon from lost of charge and reduces the amount of membrane that needs to be depolarized
What are glia cells?
Cells that conduct impulses
Cells that support and protect the conduction of impulses
What 4 glia cells are in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Schwann Cells
Ependymal Cells
What is the function of ependymal cells?
Phagocytize bacteria and viruses and debris in the CNS
Line the cavities of the CNS and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Wrap axons of the CNS with Myelin Sheaths
Form the blood barrier, K+ Mop, regulate what enters and exits the CNS and anchors Neurons
What is the function of Astrocytes?
Phagocytize bacteria and viruses and debris in the CNS
Line the cavities of the CNS and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Wrap axons of the CNS with Myelin Sheaths
Form the blood barrier, K+ Mop, regulate what enters and exits the CNS and anchors Neurons
What is the function of Microglia?
Phagocytize bacteria and viruses and debris in the CNS
Line the cavities of the CNS and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Wrap axons of the CNS with Myelin Sheaths
Form the blood barrier, K+ Mop, regulate what enters and exits the CNS and anchors Neurons
What is the function of Oligodendrocytes?
Phagocytize bacteria and viruses and debris in the CNS
Line the cavities of the CNS and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Wrap axons of the CNS with Myelin Sheaths
Form the blood barrier, K+ Mop, regulate what enters and exits the CNS and anchors Neurons
What 2 glia cells are in the PNS?
Microglia
Satellite Cells
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann Cells
What is the function of Schwann cells?
Wraps axons in myelin to increase action potential speed
Supports and protects neurons of the PNS
What is the function of satellite cells?
Wraps axons in myelin to increase action potential speed
Supports and protects neurons of the PNS
An inactive neuron is polarized. What does that mean?
A resting neuron is electrically neutral
A resting neuron is electrically negative
A resting neuron is electrically positive
A resting neuron alternates between being electrically negative and positive
Which Ion is most responsible for the net negative charge inside of the neuron?
Na+
Ca2+
K+
Cl-
Anions or A-
Which of the following biomolecules would NOT be responsible for forming the negative charge of the Anions [A-] in the cell?
Lipids
DNA
RNA
Proteins
Which Ions have high concentrations inside of the neuron?
Na+
Ca2+
K+
Cl-
Anions or A-
Which Ions have high concentrations outside of the neuron?
Na+
Ca2+
K+
Cl-
Anions or A-
What is the resting membrane potential on a neuron?
+30 mV
-55 mV
0 mV
-70 mV
-80 mV
What is threshold, and what is its value?
0 mV; triggers an action potential
-70 mV; triggers an action potential
-55 mV; triggers an action potential
-55 mV; prevents the firing of an action potential
If a neuron is depolarized, but it does not reach threshold, will an action potential occur?
Yes
No
An excitatory signal would open what kind of channel?
Na+
K+
Cl-
Ca2+
What would an excitatory signal do the neuron?
Make it more positive
Make it more negative
What would an inhibitory signal do the neuron?
Make it more positive
Make it more negative
An inhibitory signal would open what kind of channel?
Na+
K+
Cl-
Ca2+
Consider the image attached. Which phase of the action potential is number 5?
Threshold
Hyperpolarization/Overshoot
Resting Membrane Potential
Depolarization
Repolarization
Consider the image attached. Which phase of the action potential is number 6?
Threshold
Hyperpolarization/Overshoot
Resting Membrane Potential
Depolarization
Repolarization
Consider the image attached. Which phase of the action potential is number 7?
Threshold
Hyperpolarization/Overshoot
Resting Membrane Potential
Depolarization
Repolarization
Consider the image attached. Which phase of the action potential is number 8?
Threshold
Hyperpolarization/Overshoot
Resting Membrane Potential
Depolarization
Repolarization
Consider the image attached. Which phase of the action potential is number 10?
Threshold
Hyperpolarization/Overshoot
Resting Membrane Potential
Depolarization
Repolarization
What channels are open during depolarization and what does it do to the cell?
Voltage gated K+ channels. Makes the cell more positive
Voltage gated K+ channels. Makes the cell more negative
Voltage gated Na+ channels. Makes the cell more positive
Voltage gated Na+ channels. Makes the cell more negative
What channels are open during repolarization and what does it do to the cell?
Voltage gated K+ channels. Makes the cell more positive
Voltage gated K+ channels. Makes the cell more negative
Voltage gated Na+ channels. Makes the cell more positive
Voltage gated Na+ channels. Makes the cell more negative
Why does hyperpolarization occur?
Voltage gated K+ channels remain open the same amount of time Voltage gated Na+ are open
Voltage gated K+ channels remain open a shorter amount of time Voltage gated Na+ are open
Voltage gated K+ channels remain open a longer amount of time Voltage gated Na+ are open
What is the function of the Na+/K+ pump?
Preventing the restoration of the resting membrane potential
Restoring the resting membrane potential
Keeping the neuron at hyperpolarization
Keeping the neuron depolarized
After an action potential, the neuron cannot generate another action potential because _____ channels are inactivated. This period is called the ________________________________ period.
K+ , Refractory period
K+, Firing Period
Na+, Refractory Period
Na+, Firing Period
The Refractory period insures that the action potential always flows from the ___________________ to the _____________________ and not back up the axon.
Axon Terminal; Axon Hillock
Axon Hillock; Axon Terminal
Axon Hillock; Dendrite
Axon Terminal; Next Neuron
This portion of the neuron is where the action potential is fired from?
Axon Terminal
Cell Body
Axon Hillock
Synaptic Cleft
What causes the release of neurotransmitter?
The influx of Na+
The Outflow of K+
The Inflow of Ca2+
The Movement of A-
Neurotransmitters are stored in what structure?
Axons
Vesicles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleus
What is Dale’s Principle?
Neurons make and release as many neurotransmitters as possible
Neurons make and release only two types of neurotransmitters
Neurons make and release only one type of neurotransmitter
Neurons make and release no neurotransmitters. Astrocytes make neurotransmitters
Which neurotransmitter is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter?
Serotonin
Glutamate
Acetylcholine
Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA)
Dopamine
Which neurotransmitter is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter?
Serotonin
Glutamate
Acetylcholine
Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA)
Dopamine
Is Serotonin excitatory or inhibitory?
Excitatory
Inhibitory
What happens when serotonin is too low?
Schizophrenia
Parkinson's Disease
Depression, Anxiety, Eating Disorders, OCD
Dangerously high body temperatures, tremors, sweating and death
Is Dopamine excitatory or inhibitory?
Excitatory
Inhibitory
What happens when dopamine is too high?
ALS (Lou Gerhig's Disease), Excitotoxicity
Hallucinations and Schizophrenia
Depression, Tremors, Lost of Pleasure, Parkinson's Disease
Flaccid paralysis, Alzheimer's Disease and can not form long term memories
What happens when dopamine is too low?
ALS (Lou Gerhig's Disease), Excitotoxicity
Hallucinations and Schizophrenia
Depression, Tremors, Lost of Pleasure, Parkinson's Disease
Flaccid paralysis, Alzheimer's Disease and can not form long term memories
Is acetylcholine excitatory or inhibitory?
Excitatory
Inhibitory
What happens when acetylcholine is too low?
ALS (Lou Gerhig's Disease), Excitotoxicity
Hallucinations and Schizophrenia
Depression, Tremors, Lost of Pleasure, Parkinson's Disease
Flaccid paralysis, Alzheimer's Disease and can not form long term memories
What disease occurs when glutamate is too high?
ALS (Lou Gerhig's Disease), Excitotoxicity
Hallucinations and Schizophrenia
Depression, Tremors, Lost of Pleasure, Parkinson's Disease
Flaccid paralysis, Alzheimer's Disease and can not form long term memories
What diseases can occur if GABA is too low?
Seizures, Epilepsy and Anxiety Disorders,
Alzheimer's Disease
Hyper-sleepiness, Reduced Consciousness, Headaches, Coma and possibly death.
Huntington's Chorea
What diseases can occur if GABA is too high?
Seizures, Epilepsy and Anxiety Disorders,
Alzheimer's Disease
Hyper-sleepiness, Reduced Consciousness, Headaches, Coma and possibly death.
Huntington's Chorea
What are the three major parts of the brain?
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Spinal Cord
Rhombencephalon
What is grey matter?
Collection of myelinated axons
Collections of cell bodies outside the CNS
Collections of Neurotransmitters
Collection of Dendrites, Cell Bodies, and unmyelinated axons
Where is grey matter located in the brain?
Superficial
Deep
What is white matter?
Collection of myelinated axons
Collections of cell bodies outside the CNS
Collections of Neurotransmitters
Collection of Dendrites, Cell Bodies, and unmyelinated axons
Where is white matter located in the brain?
Superficial
Deep
Which area of the brain is letter A?
Frontal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Which area of the brain is letter B?
Frontal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Which area of the brain is letter C?
Frontal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Which area of the brain is letter D?
Frontal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
What is a gyrus?
A raised area of the cerebral cortex where cell bodies are located
A lowered area of the cerebral cortex that separates portions of the brain
Large gaps in the brain surface that separates the lobes of the brain
Storage location where cerebrospinal fluid is produced and moved
What is a sulcus?
A raised area of the cerebral cortex where cell bodies are located
A lowered area of the cerebral cortex that separates portions of the brain
Large gaps in the brain surface that separates the lobes of the brain
Storage location where cerebrospinal fluid is produced and moved
What are the functions of the frontal lobe?
Visual Processing
Executive Functioning, Planning and Organizational skills
Mood, Behavior and Emotions
Controlling Voluntary Movement
The frontal and parietal lobes are separated by what structure?
Longitudinal Fissure
Central Sulcus
Sylvian Fissure (Lateral Fissure)
Transverse Fissure
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
Sensation (Sensing pain, touch, temperature, pressure, and Vibration)
Processing visual information
Voluntary movement
Hearing and Balance
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Sensation (Sensing pain, touch, temperature, pressure, and Vibration)
Processing visual information
Voluntary movement
Hearing and Balance
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Sensation (Sensing pain, touch, temperature, pressure, and Vibration)
Processing visual information
Voluntary movement
Hearing and Balance
The two parietal lobes are separated by what structure?
Longitudinal Fissure
Central Sulcus
Sylvian Fissure (Lateral Fissure)
Transverse Fissure
The parietal and temporal lobes are separated by what structure?
Longitudinal Fissure
Central Sulcus
Sylvian Fissure (Lateral Fissure)
Transverse Fissure
What is Broca’s area?
Controls the Organization of Speech
Controls the hearing aspect of speech
Controls Motor Speech and the muscles that move
Controls the Visual Aspect of Speech
Which lobe is Broca's Area located?
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
What is Wernicke’s area?
Controls the Organization of Speech
Controls the hearing aspect of speech
Controls Motor Speech and the muscles that move
Controls the Visual Aspect of Speech
Which lobe is Wernicke's Area located?
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
What three structures form the Diencephalon region of the brain?
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
What area of the brain serves as the major sensory relay station?
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
What area of the brain secretes hormones to control the pituitary gland, regulates appetite and thirst and autonomic functions?
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
What area of the brain secretes melatonin to regulate sleep/wake cycles?
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
What three structures form the hindbrain?
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
What structure of the brain serves as a relay station the cerebrum and cerebellum and helps with head and eye reflexes?
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
What structure of the brain regulates muscle tone, posture and coordinates voluntary movement?
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
What structure of the brain regulates heart rate, swallowing, vomiting, coughing and other reflexes?
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
What structure of the brain allows the two hemispheres to talk to each other?
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Corpus Callosum
Reticular Activation System
What structure converts short term into long term memories?
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Corpus Callosum
Reticular Activation System
What structure controls moods such as jealousy, rage, love, hate and fear?
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Corpus Callosum
Reticular Activation System
The Tough and inflexible covering of the brain and spinal cord is called the:
Pia mater
Arachnoid Mater
Crystal mater
Dura mater
The thin and delicate covering of the brain is called the:
Pia mater
Arachnoid Mater
Crystal mater
Dura mater
The Spiderweb like covering of the brain is called the:
Pia mater
Arachnoid Mater
Crystal mater
Dura mater
How many PAIRS of cervical spinal nerves are there?
8
5
1
12
How many PAIRS of thoracic spinal nerves are there?
8
5
1
12
How many PAIRS of lumbar spinal nerves are there?
8
5
1
12
How many PAIRS of sacral spinal nerves are there?
8
5
1
12
How many PAIRS of coccyx spinal nerves are there?
8
5
1
12
Which cranial nerve controls smell?
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Optic Nerve (CN II)
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)
Olfactory Nerve (CN I)
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
Which cranial nerve controls sight?
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Optic Nerve (CN II)
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)
Olfactory Nerve (CN I)
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
Which cranial nerve controls the sensation of the face and muscles of chewing?
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Optic Nerve (CN II)
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)
Olfactory Nerve (CN I)
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
Which cranial nerve controls the muscles of the face and taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Optic Nerve (CN II)
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)
Olfactory Nerve (CN I)
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
Which cranial nerve controls hearing and balance?
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Optic Nerve (CN II)
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)
Olfactory Nerve (CN I)
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
Which cranial nerve controls swallowing, the gag reflex, and taste on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
Which cranial nerve controls parasympathetic fibers that control heart rate, breathing rate, digestion, and other important functions in the chest and abdomen?
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
Which cranial nerve controls the motion of the tongue?
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
Which cranial nerve controls the muscles of the neck such as the Sternocleidomastoid and the Trapezius?
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
Letter A is pointing at which structure?
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Ventral Root
Dorsal Root
Dorsal Horn
Ventral Horn
Letter C is pointing at which structure?
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Ventral Root
Dorsal Root
Dorsal Horn
Ventral Horn
Letter D is pointing at which structure?
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Ventral Root
Dorsal Root
Dorsal Horn
Ventral Horn
Letter G is pointing at which structure?
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Ventral Root
Dorsal Root
Dorsal Horn
Ventral Horn
Which letter is the cell body for the Lower Motor Neuron?
E
H
C
B
G
Which letter is the cell body for the Sensory Neuron?
E
H
C
B
G
Which Nerve Bundle carries Pain, Touch, and Temperature sensory information to the brain from the body?
Lateral Corticospinal Tract
Rubospinal Tract
Spinal Thalamic Tract
Dorsal Columns Medial Lemiscal (DCML) Tract
Which Nerve Bundle carries pressure and vibration sensory information to the brain from the body?
Lateral Corticospinal Tract
Rubospinal Tract
Spinal Thalamic Tract
Dorsal Columns Medial Lemiscal (DCML) Tract
Which Nerve Bundle carries motor output from the brain to control skeletal muscle of the body?
Lateral Corticospinal Tract
Rubospinal Tract
Spinal Thalamic Tract
Dorsal Columns Medial Lemiscal (DCML) Tract
