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A&P Exam Review - Endocrine & Immune Systems

Total questions: 85

Worksheet time: 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
 Like all other body systems, the immune system helps the body maintain homeostasis.  Which statement best describes how the immune system does this?  
a)
it protects other organs and tissues from infection and disease
b)
it breaks down food to provide cells with nutrients
c)
it gathers information through the senses and controls all other body systems
d)
 it transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
2.
What do scientists call bacteria and viruses that can make people sick?  
a)
diseases
b)
vaccines
c)
antibodies
d)
pathogens
3.
 Liz notices that shortly after cutting her arm accidentally the area around the cut is turning red and feeling hot.  Which immune system defense is Liz experiencing?  
a)
inflammation
b)
white blood cell clotting
c)
skin
d)
fever
4.
What do the cells and tissues of the endocrine system release to help maintain homeostasis in the body?
a)
electrical signals
b)
hormones
c)
neurotransmitters
d)
receptors
5.
When Kristen was five, she became sick with chickenpox & then recovered.  Why is Kristen unlikely to get chickenpox a second time?
a)
Kristen has not developed antibodies to chickenpox.
b)
Kristen has developed a vaccination against chickenpox.
c)
Kristen's body no longer contains cells that can be damaged by chicken pox.
d)
Kristen's body has memory cells that will produce antibodies to fight chickenpox. 
6.
What process is illustrated in this picture?
a)
B cell is making antibodies
b)
an antibody is attaching to an antigen
c)
macrophage is engulfing a pathogen
d)
helper T cell is activating a killer T cell
7.

Which of the following are considered internal defenses? (there may be more than one correct answer)

a)

Mucus

b)

Inflammation

c)

Tears

d)

Hair

e)

Tcells

8.

True/False: Your body cannot make antibodies for pathogens that you have never been in contact with.

a)

True, because your body needs to encounter the pathogen at least once in order to create the antibodies.

b)

False, because you can make antibodies via immunizations given by a doctor.

9.

What is the function of antibodies within the immune system?

a)

Antibodies kill off any antigen that enters the body.

b)

Antibodies are only made when you are given a vaccination for specific antigens.

c)

Antibodies bind to specific antigens to flag for destruction.

d)

Antibodies are part of an external defense mechanism.

10.

Which of the following statements are TRUE about vaccinations?

a)

Allow B cells to make antibodies for any type of antigen the body comes in contact with.

b)

Triggers the body to make memory cells for specific pathogens.

c)

They are substances prepared from killed or weakened pathogens.

d)

Always allows the body to resist an infectious disease any time it comes into contact with it.

11.

What happens after the second time you are exposed to a pathogen?

a)

The body will not be able to fight off the pathogen quickly, because it knows how to get into the body easier.

b)

The body's immune system will react the same was as it did during the first exposure.

c)

The body can only be exposed to a pathogen a second time if you do not have a vaccine.

d)

The body will know how to fight off the pathogen quickly, because memory cells have been created after the first encounter.

12.

Some examples of external defenses are...

a)

Skin

b)

Mucus

c)

Inflammation

d)

Saliva

e)

Sweat

13.

How do T cells differ from B cells?

a)

T cells fight pathogens by killing pathogens directly, while B cells fight pathogens by making antibodies.

b)

T cells only make memory cells, and B cells only make antigens

c)

T cells fight pathogens by making antibodies, while B cells fight pathogens by killing pathogens directly.

d)

T cells can only fight off pathogens the body has encountered once, and B cells can fight off any pathogen the body comes across.

14.
Cells that ingest pathogens are
a)
plasma cells
b)
phagocytic cells
c)
helper T cells
d)
antibodies
15.
T cells are made in the___________
a)
bone marrow
b)
spleen
c)
thymus
d)
tonsiles
16.
Anything that triggers an immune response is a/n
a)
lymph cell
b)
antigen
c)
antibody
d)
neutrop
17.
B cells mature in the
a)
thymus
b)
intestine
c)
bone marrow
d)
heart
18.
Antibiotics work against most
a)
Bacteria
b)
Bacteria & Viruses
c)
Vaccines
d)
Viruses
19.
Which of the following illness is caused by pathogens?
a)
Bruise
b)
Blood Clot
c)
Diabetes
d)
Influenza
20.
Vaccinations are used for
a)
Curing the illness
b)
Preventing the Illness
c)
Getting the illness
21.
What type of microbe is used in a vaccine?
a)
it doesn't really matter
b)
a damaged one
c)
a weakened or inactivated one
d)
a normal one
22.
What do antibodies attach to on the pathogen?
a)
Anti inflammatory
b)
Antigens
c)
Antiseptic
d)
Antibodies
23.
Vaccines stimulate the body to produce...
a)
autoimmune diseases
b)
helper t-cells
c)
fever
d)
antibodies
24.
Which one is a way the body defends against a pathogen?
a)
Fever
b)
Stomach Acid digesting
c)
White Blood Cells fighing
d)
All of these are correct
25.
Which disease is a non-infectious disease?
a)
Diabetes
b)
Influenza
c)
AIDS
d)
Chickenpox
26.

What is the term for a strong response to a harmless antigen in the environment?

a)

An allergy

b)

Cell-mediated immunity

c)

An autoimmune disease

d)

Inflammatory response

27.

This type of immunity can be called nonspecific and refers to the bodies defenses that are present since birth.

a)

resistance

b)

adaptive immunity

c)

acquired immunity

d)

innate immunity

28.

This type of immunity is acquired during one's lifetime. It is induced by antigens that invade the body.

a)

innate immunity

b)

adaptive immunity

c)

nonspecific immunity

d)

normal microbiota

29.
The organism that is infected by a pathogen/antigen is known as the:
a)
survivor
b)
infectee
c)
source
d)
host
30.
Which of the following is NOT part of the first line of defense?
a)
skin
b)
B cells
c)
sweat
d)
lysozyme
31.
Which type of immunity has memory?
a)
innate
b)
adaptive/acquired
32.
Which line of defense includes the skin, sweat, mucous membranes, and normal microbiota?
a)
First
b)
Second
c)
Third
33.
T _____ cells assist in the function of certain B cells and other T cells
a)
sensitized
b)
cytotoxic
c)
helper
d)
natural killer
34.
Widespread immunity that protects the population from the spread of disease is called
a)
seropositivity
b)
cross-reactivity
c)
epidemic prophylaxis
d)
herd immunity
35.
The first line of defense against antigen is the _________ system.
a)
respiratory
b)
digestive
c)
integumentary
d)
lymphatic
36.

The body regards this as foreign:

a)

antibody

b)

antigen

c)

T-Cells

d)

Cytotoxic T-Cells

37.

When an individual encounters the same pathogen for a second time, The adaptive immune response is faster because of ....................

a)

NK and Macrophages

b)

B and Dendritic Cells

c)

B and T memory cells

d)

T cells

38.

What are the two arms of the immune system?

a)

Active and Passive

b)

Innate and Adaptive

c)

Anatomic and Physical

d)

Complement and Phagocytes

39.
Name this process
a)
eating
b)
phagocytosis
c)
destruction
d)
ingesting
40.
Antibiotics do not work on 
a)
bacteria
b)
viruses
c)
fungi
d)
children
41.
Which of the following can cause infections to open cuts?
a)
Baceteria
b)
Viruses
c)
Fungi
d)
All of them
42.
HIV is an example of what kind of transmission?
a)
Bloodborne
b)
Waterborne
c)
Airborne
43.
Which disease is caused by a bacteria?
a)
flu
b)
cold
c)
athletes foot
d)
strep throat
44.
What is one way a pathogen can enter the body?
a)
Nose
b)
Mouth
c)
Broken Skin
d)
All of the Aove
45.
What pathogen causes the common cold?
a)
Virus
b)
Bacteria
c)
Fungi
d)
Protista
46.
What do white blood cells do?
a)
Seek out and kill all living tissue
b)
Seek out and kill pathogens
c)
Transport food around the body
d)
Repair cuts and injuries
47.
The gland that stimulates body metabolism
a)
Thyroid
b)
testes
c)
ovary
d)
adrenal
48.

Which of the following are chemicals that travel in the blood and cause changes in different parts of the body?

a)

Hormones

b)

Glands

c)

Parathyroid

d)

Adrenal Gland

49.

The response to stress is called

a)

Stay or Stray Response

b)

Fight or Stay Response

c)

Flee or Stray Response

d)

Fight or Flight Response

50.

Which term refers to the body's use of energy for energy and growth?

a)

Excretion

b)

Metabolism

c)

Digestion

d)

Respiration

51.

Hormone regulation operates under which type of feedback mechanism?

a)

positive feedback

b)

negative feedback

c)

zero feedback

d)

Hormones are not regulated

52.

Feedback loops are important because they allow organisms and the environment to

a)

change based on new inputs

b)

fall apart

c)

change based on new outputs

d)

maintain balance

53.
Where are the adrenal glands located?
a)
at the base of the brain
b)
in the pelvic area
c)
on top of each kidney
54.
The _____ _____ is the master gland of the body because it releases hormones that stimulate other glands.  It is located at the base of the brain. 
a)
gonads
b)
thymus gland
c)
thyroid gland
d)
pituitary gland
55.
The Islets of Langerhans are located in the ______.  They produce glucagon and insulin. 
a)
thymus
b)
gonads
c)
thyroid
d)
pancreas
56.
This gland is located between the lungs behind the sternum and secretes thymosin that helps mature WBC's in our bodies when we are children. 
a)
thyroid
b)
parathyroid
c)
thymus
d)
brain stem
57.
The _____ gland produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolic rate. Its correct functioning depends on having a good supply of iodine from the diet.  It has a butterfly shape and is located in the anterior neck.
a)
thymus
b)
thyroid
c)
pineal gland
d)
pituitary gland
58.
What other system is the pancreas a part of?
a)
circulatory system
b)
digestive system
c)
lymphatic system
59.
___________is a hormonal disorder that develops when your pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood. When this happens, your bones increase in size, including those of your hands, feet and face.
a)
Addison's Disease
b)
Cushing's Disease
c)
Acromegaly
d)
Grave's Disease
60.
Liver damage, heart disease, testicular changes and breast growth in males are symptoms of:
a)
Addison's Disease
b)
Cushing's syndrome
c)
hyperthyroidism
d)
steroid abuse
61.
The symptoms of your ________ level being elevated are nervousness, weight loss and increased metabolism. 
a)
adrenaline
b)
glucagon
c)
thyroxin
d)
parathormone
62.
_______ is a sex hormone that plays important roles in the body. In men, it's thought to regulate sex drive (libido), bone mass, fat distribution, muscle mass and strength, and the production of red blood cells and sperm
a)
Estrogen
b)
Testerone
c)
Oxytocin
63.
________ hormones play an essential role in the growth and development of female secondary sexual characteristics such as breasts, pubic and armpit hair, endometrium, and the regulation of the menstrual cycle and reproductive system.
a)
Oxytocin
b)
Testerone
c)
Estrogen
64.

Type I diabetes is caused by:

a)

tumor on the adrenal gland

b)

increased parathyroid hormone

c)

decreased calcitonin

d)

autoimmune reaction

65.
Letter H is pointing to
a)
Thymus
b)
Pancreas
c)
Pituitary
d)
Pineal
66.

Identify this gland.

a)

Adrenal

b)

Thyroid

c)

Pancreas

d)

Testes

67.

Identify the glands labeled “X.”

a)

Pancreas

b)

Testes

c)

Tyroid

d)

Parathyroid

68.

Identify glands “A” and “B.”

a)

A: pancreas B: adrenal gland

b)

A: testes B: ovaries

c)

A: thyroid B: parathyroid

d)

A: pituitary B: hypothalamus

69.
Letter E is pointing to
a)
Thymus
b)
Pineal Gland
c)
Adrenal
d)
Parathyroids
70.
Letter B is pointing to
a)
Thymus
b)
Pineal Gland
c)
Adrenal
d)
Parathyroids
71.
What is gland #3?
a)
Adrenal Gland
b)
Pancreas
c)
Ovaries
d)
Testes
72.
Letter I is pointing to
a)
Testes
b)
Oviducts
c)
Ovaries
d)
Adrenals
73.

The gland labeled 4 in the diagram is?

a)

the thymus gland

b)

the thyroid gland

c)

the parathyroid glands

d)

the adrenal glands

74.
name the organ labeled 4
a)
pituitary gland
b)
thyroid gland
c)
pancreas
d)
thymus
75.
The correct order of the glands/organs shown in the diagram is 
a)
hypothalamus, thyroid, pancreas, kidneys, ovaries, testes
b)
pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes
c)
pituitary, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, testes, ovaries
d)
non are correctly ordered
76.

Letter E is pointing to

a)

Thymus

b)

Pineal Gland

c)

Adrenal

d)

Parathyroids

77.

What structure(s) shown in the picture above the kidneys?

a)

Thyroids

b)

Adrenal glands

c)

Testes

d)

Parathyroids

78.

What structure is this?

a)

Pancreas

b)

Thyroid

c)

Parathyroid

d)

Adrenal glands

79.
What gland is this?
a)
Pancreas
b)
Pituitary
c)
Thyroid
d)
Parathyroid
80.
What gland is this?
a)
Thyroid
b)
Pancreas
c)
Adrenal
d)
Ovaries
81.
What gland is this?
a)
Pituitary
b)
Pancreas
c)
Adrenal
d)
Thyroid
82.
What glands are these?
a)
Pancreas
b)
Adrenal
c)
Pituitary
d)
Testes
83.
What glands are these?
a)
Testes
b)
Ovaries
c)
Thyroid
d)
Parathyroid
84.
What glands are these?
a)
Ovaries
b)
Pituitary
c)
Testes
d)
Adrenal
85.
What glands are these?
a)
Parathyroid
b)
Ovaries
c)
Testes
d)
Thyroid

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