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Biology Bacteria viruses

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Viruses _____.

a)

use the host cell to copy themselves and then viruses to synthesize their own proteins

b)

metabolize food to produce their own ATP

c)

use the host cell to copy themselves and make viral proteins

d)

manufacture their own ATP, proteins, and nucleic acids

2.

Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle?

a)

the viral genome replicates without destroying the host

b)

Viral DNA is incorporated into the host genome

c)

a large number of phages are released at a time

d)

the virus-host relationship usually lasts for generations

3.

Which viruses have single stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis?

a)

viroids

b)

bacteriophages

c)

retroviruses

d)

proviruses

4.

Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus that requires reverse transcriptase to transcribe the genome inside the host cell?

a)

AIDS

b)

smallpox

c)

herpes

d)

influenza

5.

Which of the following can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans?

a)

taking antibiotics

b)

taking vitamins

c)

taking drugs that inhibit transcription

d)

getting vaccinated

6.

What are prions?

a)

tiny circular molecules of RNA that can infect plants

b)

misfolded versions of normal proteins that can causes disease

c)

viral DNA that attaches itself to the host cell genome and cause disease

d)

mobile segments of DNA

7.

Most new viral diseases arise as a result of

a)

genetic engineering mistkaes

b)

humans coming in contact with isolated habitats

c)

mutation of existing viruses

d)

the overuse of antibiotics

8.
Bacteria is frequently used in the ____________system to break down food.
a)
integumentary
b)
digestive
c)
reproductive
d)
muscular
9.
Some bacteria are able to eat substances like oil.  These bacteria are used to clean up oil spills or gasoline leaks.
a)
Harmful
b)
Beneficial
10.
Bacteria cause Tetanus, a serious infectious disease.
a)
Harmful
b)
Beneficial
11.
Bacteria are involved in the production of fuel, food, and medication.
a)
Harmful
b)
Beneficial
12.
A virus causes polio, which sometimes leads to paralysis.
a)
Beneficial
b)
Harmful
13.
Fungi and bacteria are used to produce antibiotics.
a)
Harmful
b)
Beneficial
14.
Bacteria are used to ferment milk to produce cheese.
a)
Harmful
b)
Beneficial
15.
 Bacteria that help break down dead material in the environment are called 
a)
vaccines
b)
decomposers
c)
oats
16.
Strep throat is caused by 
a)
bacteria
b)
virus
17.
A person with AIDS is likely to develop infectious diseases because the virus that causes AIDS
a)
destroys cancerous cells
b)
damages the immune system
c)
increases the rate of antibody production
d)
increases the rate of microbe destruction
18.
What does invading the host cell enable the virus to do?
a)
increase its size
b)
synthesize needed oxygen
c)
obtain nutrients
d)
reproduce
19.
When a new viral infection appears in a population, scientists usually try to develop a vaccine against the virus. Which substances would most likely be contained in the new vaccine?
a)
live bacteria that ingest viruses
b)
white blood cells from an infected individual
c)
weakened viruses associated with the infection
d)
a variety of microbes that will attack the virus
20.
Which type of bacteria performs the first step in recycling nitrogen compounds from the bodies of plants and animals?
a)
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
b)
bacteria of decay
c)
nitrifying bacteria
d)
denitrifying bacteria
21.
Atmospheric nitrogen can only be used by most living things after it has been
a)
converted to nitrates with the help of nitrogen-fixing bacteria
b)
taken in by plants through the lenticels
c)
converted to ammonia by bacteria of decay
d)
combined with carbon dioxide to form protein
22.
A piece of refrigerated, cooked meat will remain safe to eat for a longer period of time than a refrigerated piece of raw meat of similar size. Which statement is a valid inference based on this information?
a)
Cooking meat kills many bacteria and fungi.
b)
Cool temperatures stimulate the growth of microbes on raw meat.
c)
Raw meat cannot be preserved.
d)
Cooked meat contains antibodies that destroy decomposers.
23.
Bacteria of decay are important components of an ecosystem because they
a)
are involved in photosynthesis
b)
recycle organic matter
c)
absorb solar energy
d)
slow the spread of disease
24.
The graph represents the results of an investigation of the growth of three identical bacterial cultures incubated at different temperatures. Which inference can be made from this graph?
a)
Temperature is unrelated to the reproductive rate of bacteria
b)
Bacteria cannot grow at a temperature of 5°C.
c)
Life activities in bacteria slow down at high temperatures.
d)
Refrigeration will most likely slow the growth of these bacteria.
25.
What would most likely happen if most of the bacteria and fungi were removed from an ecosystem?
a)
Nutrients resulting from decomposition would be reduced.
b)
Energy provided for autotrophic nutrition would be reduced.
c)
The rate of mutations in plants would increase.
d)
Soil fertility would increase.
26.
The bacterium Clostridium tetani is found on nearly all surfaces. A short time after one or two of these bacteria enter a wound, a large number of them may be found in the wound as a result of
a)
regeneration
b)
vegetative propagation
c)
asexual reproduction
d)
gametogenesis
27.
To what would the phrase "is not a cell but has the ability to reproduce within a living cell" best describe?
a)
an alga
b)
a yeast
c)
a bacterium
d)
a virus
28.

Which of the following is true for both bacteria and viruses?

a)

both contain genetic material

b)

can be killed using antibiotics

c)

have a cell membrane

d)

have a protein coat

29.

Which statement is true about viruses?

a)

Viruses can eat and metabolize food.

b)

Viruses can reproduce only using a host cell.

c)

Viruses can reproduce on their own at any time.

d)

Viruses contain DNA, so they are alive.

30.

The use of what modern technology has cause the rise in resistant bacteria

a)

vaccines

b)

antibiotics

c)

fertilizers

d)

solar panels

31.

One important way to control the spread of viruses in through

a)

the use of vaccines

b)

drinking a lot of tea

c)

the use of other types of bacteria

d)

the use of antibiotics

32.

What type of cells contain a nucleus?

a)

bacterial cells

b)

virus cells

c)

prokaryotic cells

d)

eukaryotic cells

33.

A bacterium reproduces asexually by dividing to form two new bacterial cells. What is the name of the process by which bacteria reproduce?

a)

meiosis

b)

mitosis

c)

budding

d)

binary fission

34.

Which of the following is a risk of overusing antibiotics to treat infections>

a)

Bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.

b)

Antibiotics increase the rate of infection.

c)

Antibiotics cause other diseases to develop.

d)

Antibiotics only work once.

35.

Bacteria come in which of the following shapes?

a)

rod, cone, spiral

b)

rod, sphere, spiral

c)

rod, sphere, cone

d)

sphere, cone, spiral

36.

Which of the following is true?

a)

Viruses and bacteria are both prokaryotes.

b)

Bacteria are eukaryotes and viruses are prokaryotes.

c)

Some bacteria are prokaryotes and some are eukaryotes.

d)

All bacteria are prokaryotes.

37.

Which viral life cycle kills its host cell by lysing (bursting)?

a)

Lysogenic Cycle

b)

Lytic Cycle

c)

Binary Fission

d)

Conjugation

38.

Which of the following is a viral infection?

a)

cholera

b)

influenza

c)

strep throat

d)

tuberculosis

39.

Can a virus be cured with antibiotics?

a)

yes

b)

no

40.

A viral infection that weakens a person's immune system for the rest of their life is..

a)

strep throat

b)

HIV/AIDS

c)

tuberculosis

d)

the plague

41.
True or False
The flu is caused by a virus.
a)
true
b)
false
42.
Some bacteria move by using a long, whip-like structure called a(n) ____________________
a)
tail
b)
cillia
c)
organs
d)
flagellum
43.
Reasons that viruses are considered to be nonliving is because
a)
They are not cellular
b)
They cannot reproduce on their own
c)
They cannot make proteins
d)
all of the above
44.
What are the four ways in which bacteria are spread?
a)
touch, food, water, insects & animals
b)
touch, sight, taste, hearing, smell
c)
jumping, leaping, hopping, skipping
d)
touch, food, drink, oxygen
45.
What does the word “transmitted” mean?
a)
spoken
b)
thrown
c)
spread
d)
read
46.
All bacteria are harmful.
a)
True
b)
False
47.
You have a cold, but your doctor will not give you an antibiotic, because
a)
antibiotics do not kill viruses.
b)
colds are not infectious.
c)
antibiotics make colds worse.
d)
antibiotics provide bacteria with food.
48.
When should you get a vaccine?
a)
Before you get sick
b)
After you get sick
c)
Only when you are a baby
d)
Only when you are old
49.

Name this bacteria shape

a)

bacillus

b)

coccus

c)

spirillum

50.

Name this bacteria shape

a)

bacillus

b)

coccus

c)

spirillum

51.

Name this bacteria shape

a)

coccus

b)

bacillus

c)

spirillum

52.
Live bacteria are found in milk, cheese and yogurt
a)
True
b)
False
53.
The outer covering of a bacteria cell is called the
a)
flagella
b)
cytoplasm
c)
cell wall 
54.
All bacteria are
a)
unicellular
b)
multicellular
c)
eukaryotic
55.

Fully grown parent cells split into two halves resulting in two daughter cells with the exact DNA as the parent.

a)

Binary Fission

b)

Budding

c)

Fragmentation

d)

Vegetative Reproductions

56.
All Offspring of Asexual reproduction are identical
a)
True
b)
False
57.
How could you describe the size of a virus?
a)
Smaller than bacteria
b)
Larger than a parasite
c)
About the size of a dime
d)
Smaller than a proton
58.
Which is the BEST way to help prevent the flu virus from becoming a pandemic?
a)
sleeping 8 hours a night
b)
taking antibiotics
c)
getting a vaccination
d)
eating fruits and vegetables
59.
Which BEST compares bacteria and viruses?
a)
bacteria are smaller than viruses
b)
bacteria cause disease, but viruses do not
c)
bacteria are living organisms, but viruses are not
d)
bacteria have genetic material, but viruses do not
60.
Why do doctors suggest that people get a flu vaccine each year?
a)
viruses replicate more rapidly over time
b)
viruses can mutate from year to year
c)
vaccines are absorbed by the body after a year
d)
vaccines get stronger over time

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