Which of the following is NOT assimilated by eukaryotic cells?

Which of the following terms best describes a microorganisms that grows at 20°C?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for generating metabolic energy by microorganisms?

Polymerization of building blocks (eg, amino acids) into macromolecules (eg, proteins) is achieved largely by

The major effect of a temperature of 60oC on the growth of a mesophile such as Escherichia coli is to

The process by which microorganisms form ATP during the fermentation of glucose is characterized by

Mutations in bacteria can occur by which of the following mechanisms?

The form of genetic exchange in which donor DNA is introduced to the recipient by a bacterial virus is

The enzyme DNAse degrades naked DNA. If two strains of bacteria from the same species were mixed in the presence of DNAse, which method of gene transfer would be most likely inhibited?

Why do bacteria contain restriction enzymes?

Replication of which of the following requires physical integration with a bacterial replicon?

The central autoclave for sterilization received nutrient media with substances that change at temperatures above 100˚C, media containing native proteins, Petri dishes, pipettes. Which method of sterilization would you choose for environments with substances that change at temperatures above 100˚C?

In pharmaceutical practice are widely used: asepsis, antiseptics, disinfection, sterilization. Give the correct definition of the term "asepsis".

In the fight against infectious diseases and for their prevention, disinfection is of great importance. What should be understood by this term?

Immunofluorescence response is widely used for the rapid diagnosis of many bacterial and viral infections. Select a condition that cannot be determined by the response.

In the laboratory for the purpose of accelerated sterilization of sugar-containing media with liquid steam, it was carried out in one day: in the morning, afternoon and evening for 30 minutes. How should the environment be sterilized?

Which method of sterilization should be used for dental instruments that do not deteriorate from the effects of temperature and humidity for the guaranteed destruction of viruses, vegetative and spore forms of microorganisms?

The dentist performed tooth extraction in an HIV-infected person. During this manipulation, the patient's blood got on the doctor's skin. What is the most appropriate treatment for skin disinfection?

In microbiology practical training students are offered to paint a mixture of bacteria using the Gram method and to explain the mechanism of staining. What are the morphological structures of bacteria that cause gram-negative and gram-positive staining of bacteria?

After completing the work in the educational bacteriological laboratory, the student must tidy up his workplace, decontaminate the table and other objects. What chemical compound should he use for this?

The laboratory carried out studies in which the patient was confirmed diagnosis of tetanus. Which method of sterilization should eliminate the isolated cultures of tetanus?

In the bacterioscopic method of laboratory diagnostics of infections, various methods of staining of microscopic preparations are used. What is the purpose of using the Gram method?

Immunofluorescence reaction is widely used for the rapid diagnosis of many bacterial and viral infections. Choose a condition without which it is impossible to determine the result of the reaction.

With many infectious diseases in the patient's blood, antigens of the pathogen can be detected. What reaction should be applied, given that the level of antigenemia is low?

In recent years, has found an application of the method of genoindication of pathogens, which allows detecting fragments of nucleic acids of pathogens in the samples under study. Choose from the reactions that are appropriate for this purpose.

Serologic diagnosis of infectious diseases is based on the specific interaction of antibodies with antigens. What is the name of a serological reaction in which antibodies are used, labeled with fluorescents?

Wide proliferation in virological studies has received ELISA. For what purpose in the diagnosis of viral infections IFA is used:

High sensitivity and specificity of the radioimmunological method. For what purpose use this method:

Direct response of immunofluorescence is widely used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Indicate why this reaction is applied:

The immunofluorescence reaction is among the widely used for the purpose of rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. What are the properties of bacteria taken into account for their identification under conditions of use of this reaction?

The disadvantage of the microscopic method of diagnosing infectious diseases is its insufficient in formativeness due to the morphological similarity of many types of microorganisms, which immunological reaction allows precisely to determine the type of pathogen:

The method of fluorescing antibodies is widely used for the rapid diagnosis of most viral infections. What can be detected using RIF:

For the study of saccharolytic properties, the isolated pure culture of the microbes was seeded in semi-liquid agar tubes containing the indicator and carbohydrates - glucose, lactose, mannitol, sucrose. What are the environments used in this case?

What are the nutrient media best to do the primary sowing when isolating a pure bacterial culture from a complex microbial mixture:

Nutrient media are used for the cultivation of microorganisms. Some of the media contain substances that inhibit the growth of other bacteria, but colonies of only a certain type of microorganisms grow. What are these nutrient environments called?

In the study of the drug was isolated pure culture of gram-negative bacteria. What medium should be used to study the biochemical properties of bacteria to differentiate them by enzymatic activity?

The wound discharge material was sent to the laboratory for bacteriological examination. What nutrient media should be used to isolate aerobic bacteria?

A. Levin's environment.

For the laboratory diagnosis of many infectious diseases use the bacteriological method. What is the purpose of Step 1 of this method?

What group of organisms have annular shape and linear DNA molecules that form chromosomes of simple structure (lacking histones)?

Bacteria are unicellular organisms capable of being autonomous. What bacterial structures play a major role in protein synthesis?

The structure of the bacterial cell, which provides increased resistance of the microbes to the effects of environmental factors and has the ability to persist for a long time, can be detected by staining smears by the method of Ozhek. What is it called?

In the course of microbiology, students were introduced to the microscopic method of diagnosis. What are the properties of bacteria studied by this method?

Different staining methods are used to study the morphological features of microorganisms. For what purpose do they use simple methods?

The process in which DNA isolated by the lysis of one bacterium penetrating another bacterium leads to a change in its phenotype is called:

In biotechnological processes for the production of therapeutic and prophylactic drugs the procedure of introducing human genes into the bacterial genome by means of bacteriophage is used. What is this process called?

Bacteria may also contain chromosomal inherited elements - plasmids. The presence of plasmid genes may be manifested by:

During transduction, DNA is transferred from one cell to another by bacteriophages. There are three types of transduction:

The issue of antibiotic prescribing is discussed at a medical convention in a patient with a septic condition. What property of the causative agent should be considered when administering the antibiotic to obtain antibiotic sensitivity data?

The patient has prescribed a course of etiotropic antibiotic therapy. What drugs can prevent dysbiosis when using antibiotics?

An important characteristic of the efficacy and safety of chemotherapeutic drugs is the chemotherapeutic index (Ehrlich index), which is a ratio of two doses. Whose?

Specify the structure of the bacterial cell that controls the virulent properties of many species:

Non-specific factors protecting the oral cavity from penetration of pathogenic microorganisms play an important role in the overall system of physiological stability of the organism. Which of the following components in the oral cavity is the most important factor in nonspecific protection?

Patient has been diagnosed with acute respiratory infections. During an examination, the symptoms revealed by the doctor are characteristic of this disease. It is established that the patient secretes the pathogen into the external environment. Immunoglobulins of the class M. have been found in serum. What period of the infectious process in this case?

The patient was diagnosed with acute respiratory infections. During the examination, the symptoms revealed by the doctor revealed that are characteristic of this disease. It is established that the patient secretes the pathogen into the external environment. This picture corresponds to the acute period of the disease. Which class of immunoglobulins is likely to be present in the patient's blood?

Serologic diagnosis of infectious diseases is based on the specific interaction of antibodies with antigens. What is the reaction of precipitation from a solution of antigen under the influence on it of immune serum and electrolyte?

For the purpose of serological diagnosis of an infection, a physician should perform a reaction of indirect (passive) hemagglutination. What should be used to make this reaction other than serum sick?

Serologic diagnosis of infectious diseases is based on the specific interaction of antibodies with antigens. What is the name of the serological reaction, based on the interaction of homologous antibodies and soluble antigens in the agar medium?

In the immune response of the body, a significant place belongs to the production of antibodies. Choose from the given, the interaction of which cells are needed for their synthesis:

In the local immunity of the oral cavity, an important role is played by various cells of the mucous membrane and antimicrobial substances that are synthesized by them. Indicate which of the following factors are crucial in providing local immunity: