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37. The Earth, Sun and Moon

Total questions: 87

Worksheet time: 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

One of the earliest attempts at measuring the circumference of the earth was done by a Greek mathematician.

His name was

a)

Eratosthenes

b)

Ptolymy

c)

Pythagoras

d)

Archimedes

2.

The photograph shows the Aurora Borealis which is occurs from 80 kilometres upwards in the atmosphere.

The stream of charged particles that stream out from the Sun to cause this is known as

a)

a solar wind

b)

a solar storm

c)

a solar eclipse

d)

a solar flare

3.

A total solar eclipse occurs once every two years.

Which one of the following is a total solar eclipse?

a)

Annular solar eclipse

b)

Partial solar eclipse

c)

Penumbral lunar eclipse

4.
The shortest day of the year in the northern hemisphere is
a)
21st December
b)
21st June
c)
21st March
d)
21st September
5.

The Sun is the prime source of energy for us.

What TWO types of energy does the Earth get from the Sun?

a)

Heat

b)

Light

c)

Electrical

d)

Sound

e)

Kinetic

6.
The spinning of Earth on its axis is called
a)
rotation
b)
gravitation
c)
umbra
d)
revolving
7.
The time of the year when day and night are of equal length is called
a)
an equinox.
b)
an eclipse.
c)
an umbra.
d)
a penumbra.
8.

Between two and five lunar eclipses happen every year.

A lunar eclipse occurs when

a)

the Earth passes directly between the Sun and the Moon.

b)

the Sun passes between the Earth and the Moon.

c)

the moon passes directly between the Sun and the Earth

d)

the Sun, Moon and Earth are in a straight line.

9.
The longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere is
a)
21st June
b)
21st March
c)
21st September
d)
21st December
10.

Which of the following statements best explains why it is warmer at the equator than at the North Pole?

a)

The equator gets more direct sunlight than the North Pole.

b)

The equator has a larger surface area than the North Pole.

c)

The equator has more hours of daylight than the North Pole.

d)

There is less rainfall at the equator.

11.

In June the Sun shines directly on the (a)   hemisphere.

12.

The photo shows a solar eclipse occurring.

During a solar eclipse, where must you be in order that the Sun is completely blocked out during the eclipse?

a)

In the umbra

b)

In the equinox

c)

It does not matter where you are

d)

In the penumbra

13.

In the month of December the Sun shines directly on the southern hemisphere which means that in Australia the season is

a)

Summer

b)

Winter

c)

Autumn

d)

Spring

14.

When we are having our Summer in Ireland, what season are they experiencing in Australia?

(a)  

15.

What season does Australia have during the months September to November?

(a)  

16.

The longest day of the year in the southern hemisphere is the 21st of

(a)  

17.
The solar wind which causes Aurora Borealis is prevented from entering the Earth’s atmosphere by
a)
the Earth's magnetic field.
b)
the Northern Lights.
c)
the Earth's gravitational field.
d)
solar storms.
18.

Which one of the following diagrams represents the Moon as it orbits the Earth?

a)
b)
c)
19.

The photo shows a black and white image of a total lunar eclipse.

What colour does the Moon turn during a total lunar eclipse?

a)

Red

b)

Yellow

c)

Blue

d)

Black

e)

White

20.
Which THREE of the following are features of the Moon?
a)
Gravitational field
b)
Crater
c)
Mountain
d)
Ocean
e)
Jungles
21.

The photo shows the surface of the Moon.

During the early life of our solar system, the Moon was impacted by (a)   which created impact craters.

22.

The photo shows the Moon travelling around the Earth.

In what way is the Moon different from the Earth?

a)

The Moon has no atmosphere.

b)

There are no mountains on the moon.

c)

The Moon receives no light from the Sun.

d)

The Moon has no gravity.

23.

The photo shows a solar eclipse occurring.

During a solar eclipse, where must you be in order that the Sun is completely blocked out during the eclipse?

a)

In the umbra

b)

It does not matter where you are

c)

In the penumbra

d)

In the equinox

24.

The photograph shows a solar eclipse that occurred in August 2017.

Which of these events is more frequently visible from Earth?

a)

A lunar eclipse

b)

A solar eclipse

25.

The photo shows the Moon in its orbit around the Earth.

Approximately how long does it take the Moon to complete it’s orbit around the Earth?

a)

One month

b)

One week

c)

One day

d)

One year

26.
A solar eclipse occurs when
a)
the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth.
b)
the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon
c)
the Sun passes between the Earth and the Moon
d)
the Sun, Moon and Earth are in a straight line
27.
A lunar eclipse occurs when
a)
the Earth passes directly between the Sun and the Moon
b)
the moon passes directly between the Sun and the Earth
c)
the Sun, Moon and Earth are in a straight line
d)
the Sun passes between the Earth and the Moon
28.

Like the Earth, the Moon has a gravitational field.

Gravity on the surface of the Moon

a)

is one sixth that on Earth.

b)

is the same as that on Earth.

c)

is six times greater than that on Earth.

d)

is stronger than anywhere else in our solar system.

29.

The Moon orbits around the Earth in around 28 days.

What size is the Moon relative to the Earth?

a)

Smaller

b)

Approximately the same size

c)

Bigger

30.

The moon undergoes different lunar phases.

When we see the moon when it is less than half lit, we call it

a)

a crescent moon

b)

a new moon

c)

a gibbous moon

d)

a full moon

31.

Early astronomers thought that there were seas on the Moon.

These ‘seas’ are the remains of

a)

dead volcanoes and impact craters.

b)

comets that struck the surface of the Moon.

c)

rain that fell on the moon millions of years ago

d)

dinosaurs that once roamed the Moon's surface.

32.

An annular solar eclipse occurs when

a)

the Moon does not cover the Sun completely, and we see a ring of fire surrounding the Moon

b)

part of the moon enters the umbra showing a clear shadow across the moon

c)

the Moon enters the penumbra only

33.

The photo shows the dark side (far side) of the Moon as seen by the Luna 3 orbiter.

Why is the far side (dark side) of the Moon never visible from Earth?

a)

The Moon rotates on its axis at the same rate that the Moon orbits the Earth.

b)

The Sun does not shine on the far side of the Moon.

c)

The Moon does not rotate around on its axis.

d)

The Moon is always facing away from the Earth.

34.

There are eight known planets in our solar system.

Which one of the following is not one of the rocky inner four planets of our solar system?

a)

Saturn

b)

Earth

c)

Venus

d)

Mercury

35.

There are eight known planets in our solar system.

Which one of the following is NOT one of the outer four gas giant planets of our solar system?

a)

Mars

b)

Neptune

c)

Uranus

d)

Saturn

36.

Study the chart which shows the average temperatures on the planets in our solar system.

Which one of the following statements is correct?

a)

Venus is hotter than Mercury.

b)

The average temperature increases with increasing distance from the Sun.

c)

Water may exist as a liquid on Venus.

d)

Liquid water can exist on Jupiter.

37.
On which of the following planets would you have most difficulty in standing upright?
a)
Saturn
b)
Mercury
c)
Venus
d)
Mars
38.

The smallest planet in our solar system is shown.

What is it called?

a)

Mercury

b)

Mars

c)

Venus

d)

Earth

39.

Study the data of the planets in our solar system.

The further a planet is from the Sun, the shorter its day will be.

a)

false

b)

true

c)

Not enough data to prove or disprove this statement.

40.

The photograph shows Pluto which was once regarded as being a planet.

In 2006, the International Astronomical Union downgraded Pluto from being a planet to

a)

a dwarf planet

b)

a satellite

c)

a meteor

d)

an asteroid

41.
The image shows the asteroid belt. The vast majority of asteroids are located in this belt which is located between
a)
Mars and Jupiter
b)
Earth and Mars
c)
Mercury and Venus
d)
Saturn and Uranus
42.
Which planet in our solar system has the greatest gravity on its surface?
a)
Jupiter
b)
Neptune
c)
Saturn
d)
Mars
43.

Name the hottest planet in our solar system in which a day on it is longer than a year.

(a)  

44.

The photograph shows the largest planet in our solar system.

What is it called?

(a)  

45.

The planet Mars is named after the Roman god of war.

What is the most abundant gas on mars?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Oxygen

d)

Methane

46.
Study the table shown and choose the correct statement from the following list.
a)
The gas planets have more moons than the rocky planets.
b)
The planets closest to the asteroid belt have the greater number of moons.
c)
The further a planet is from the Sun, the more moons it will have.
d)
The greater the gravity a planet has, the more moons it will also have.
47.

Study the table and name the planet whose length of day is closest to that of Earth.

(a)  

48.

The photo is one taken of the first moon landing.

In what year did man first land on the surface of the Moon?

a)

1969

b)

1971

c)

1967

d)

1965

49.

The photo shows the first landing on the moon?

During what series of space missions did Armstrong and Aldrin land on the Moon?

a)

Apollo

b)

Skylab

c)

Gemini

d)

Mercury

50.
On landing on the moon, Neil Armstrong is reported to have said “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for
a)
mankind
b)
humanity
c)
us
d)
everybody
51.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
a)
Only twelve people have landed on the Moon's surface.
b)
Only one European has landed on the moon.
c)
The last Moon landing was in 2001.
d)
The Russians landed on the Moon a year after the US landed there.
52.

The first unmanned spacecraft to land on Mars was in 1976.

It was called

a)

Viking 1

b)

Viking 3

c)

Apollo 13

d)

Apollo 11

53.
The moon is a satellite.
a)
true
b)
false
54.

The photo from the NASA website shows a total solar eclipse.

The Moon orbits the Earth, and the Earth obits the Sun.

These bodies are held in orbit about each other by a special force. What is this force called?

a)

Gravitational force

b)

Electrical force

c)

Nuclear force

d)

Magnetic force

55.

The photo shows the rocket launch of the GRACE-FO in 2018.

There are four main stages in the journey of a rocket from Earth to the Moon and back.

Which part of this journey would require the most fuel?

a)

Ascending into Earth's orbit

b)

Descending on to the surface of the Moon

c)

Escaping from Earth's orbit

d)

The journey to the Moon

56.

The photo shows the surface of Mars.

One of the problems facing future colonising of Mars is its atmosphere.

It consists mainly of

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

hydrogen

c)

helium

d)

methane

57.
Living on Mars will be quite difficult as the average temperature on the surface is
a)
-55 ºCelsius
b)
-100 ºCelsius
c)
100 ºCelsius
d)
55 ºCelsius
58.
Which one of the following is NOT an obstacle to sending a manned mission to Mars?
a)
Lack of volunteers
b)
The cost
c)
Length of trip
d)
Amount of supplies needed
59.
How long does it take to get to Mars?
a)
It depends on the speed the rocket will be travelling.
b)
Five weeks
c)
Three years
d)
About 2 months
60.
The average distance between the Earth and the Moon is
a)
392,000 kilometres
b)
605,000 kilometres
c)
100,000 kilometres
d)
2 light years
61.

Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the Moon on the first landing in 1969. Another astronaut flew with them to the Moon but never set foot on it.

Who was he?

a)

Michael Collins

b)

Pete Conrad

c)

Yuri Gagarin

d)

Chris Hadfield

62.
When Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon, his first task was to
a)
plant the American flag
b)
phone the US president Nixon
c)
phone his wife
d)
collect a sample of moon rock
63.

It is expected that Mars will be colonised in the next 50 years.

The photo shows a ‘selfie’ taken by the Curiosity Mars Rover in 2019.

Humans will be able to breath without wearing space suits on the Martian surface.

a)

false

b)

true

c)

Only at the poles of the planet

64.
Which one of the following statements is true?
a)
Scientists have not found life on Mars
b)
Mars does not have water
c)
Mars has a magnetic field like ours on Earth
d)
There is no weather on Mars
65.
When did construction of the International Space Station begin?
a)
1998
b)
2003
c)
1990
d)
2008
66.

The photo shows a SpaceX satellite in geostationary orbit.

Which of the following statements is not true for a satellite that is in a geostationary orbit?

a)

The satellite will pass over and orbit the Earth in one day.

b)

The satellite will always be in the same position when viewed from Earth.

c)

The satellite will be perfect for telephone and television communications because it will always be in the same place.

d)

It can be used for monitoring the weather.

67.

The Drake equation (above) calculates

a)

the chances of life being found elsewhere in our galaxy.

b)

the chances of life on Mars.

c)

the probability of being invaded by aliens.

d)

the probability that the Earth has a twin.

68.
The International Space Station orbits the Earth every
a)
90 minutes
b)
17 minutes
c)
28 days
d)
23 hours
69.

Space probes are used to explore distant bodies.

NASA has sent Voyager 1 the furthest of all probes launched.

What is the furthest that this space probe has travelled?

a)

The outer edge of our solar system

b)

Mars

c)

The Sun

d)

The Moon

70.

Escape velocity is the minimum velocity a rocket must have in order to escape the gravitational field of the earth.

The escape velocity from Earth is about

a)

40,000 km/h

b)

120 km/hr

c)

300,000,000 m/s

d)

330 m/s

71.

A rocket moves forward when (a)   is expelled from the rear of the rocket.

72.
The first country to launch a satellite into space was
a)
Russia
b)
France
c)
United States
d)
Japan
73.
Which one of the following is not in geostationary orbit around the Earth?
a)
The International Space Station
b)
Communications satellites
c)
Weather satellites
d)
Weather balloons
74.

The first artificial satellite was launched by the Russians in 1957.

This was called

a)

Sputnik

b)

Soyuz

c)

Elektro

d)

Mir

75.
What is the difference between splashdown and touchdown?
a)
Splashdown is when a space capsule lands in water, and touchdown is when it lands on land.
b)
Splashdown is when a space capsule lands on earth, and touchdown is when an astronaut enters the international space station.
c)
Splashdown is when a space capsule lands on land, and touchdown is when it lands on water.
d)
There is no difference.
76.
From the following list select THREE hazards of space walking.
a)
Radiation from the Sun
b)
High temperatures when facing the Sun
c)
Space junk orbiting the Earth
d)
The Earth's gravity
77.
Which one of the following may happen to astronauts on the ISS?
a)
Pulse slows down and blood pressure drops.
b)
Pulse slows down and blood pressure increases.
c)
Pulse increases and blood pressure drops
d)
Pulse increases and muscles waste.
78.
The first man in space was
a)
Yuri Gagarin
b)
Spock
c)
Neil Armstrong
d)
Buzz Aldrin
79.
The first American in space was
a)
Alan Shepard
b)
John Glenn
c)
Neil Armstrong
d)
Buzz Aldrin
80.
Valentin Tereshkova is famous for being the
a)
first woman in space.
b)
the first woman to walk in space
c)
first woman on the International Space Station (ISS)
d)
the only woman to land on the Moon.
81.

Telescopes placed upon satellites, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, produce better images of planets than Earth-based telescopes.

Why this is?

a)

They can observe the planets without the distortion and blurring caused by the Earth's atmosphere.

b)

Because of zero gravity, larger telescopes can be used.

c)

They do not have to contend with atmospheric turbulence.

d)

The telescopes are closer to the planets being looked at.

82.
The amount of time taken from the moment the order is given to launch a rocket to the time that it actually gets launched is known as
a)
the countdown period
b)
the blast off period
c)
re-entry period
d)
the lift off period
83.
What is the name of the famous telescope shown which was launched into space in 1990?
a)
Hubble
b)
Viking
c)
SkyLab
d)
Challenger
84.

The photo shows the international space station.

At approximately what height does the International Space Station (ISS) orbit the earth?

a)

330 km

b)

33 km

c)

3.3 km

d)

3,300 km

85.
A spacecraft sent to study other planets in the Solar System is known as
a)
a space probe
b)
a satellite
c)
an orbiter
d)
a space shuttle
86.

Mir is one of the objects shown in the Centre of the photo.

The ISS and Mir are examples of

a)

space stations

b)

rocket launchers

c)

space shuttles

d)

communications satellites

87.

The Apollo missions to the Moon were sent up to space using a giant launcher over 100 m tall.

This was a multi-stage rocket.

There are usually (a)   stages in a multi-stage rocket.