A 45-year-old woman complains of persistent heartburn and an unpleasant, acid-like taste in her mouth. The clinician suspects that she has gastroesophageal reflux disease and advises her to raise the head of her bed 6 to 8 inches, not to eat for several hours before retiring, and to eat smaller meals. Two weeks later, she returns and says the symptoms have subsided slightly but still are a concern. The clinician will likely prescribe which one of the following drugs?

A couple celebrating their 40th wedding anniversary are given a trip to Peru to visit Machu Picchu. Due to past experiences while traveling, they ask their doctor to prescribe an agent for diarrhea. Which of the following would be effective?

A 27-year-old woman who is 34 weeks pregnant is on bed rest and visits her obstetrician. During the visit, she informs her physician that she has been experiencing mild constipation. Which of the following medications will most likely be recommended to her?

Which of the following drugs has been known to cause discoloration of the tongue?

A patient is receiving treatment with lorazepam prior to chemotherapy to help reduce her anticipatory nausea and vomiting. Which of the following should generally be avoided in this patient?

All of the following drugs are generally well tolerated for the treatment of constipation except:

An elderly woman with a recent history of myocardial infarction is seeking a medication to help treat her occasional heartburn. She is currently taking several medications, including aspirin, clopidogrel, simvastatin, metoprolol, and lisinopril. Which of the following choices should be avoided in this patient?

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) have been associated with which of the following drugs?

Which of the following medications for gastrointestinal problems is contraindicated in pregnancy?

A 55-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes of 40 years’ duration complains of severe bloating and abdominal distress, especially after meals. Evaluation is consistent with diabetic gastroparesis. Which of the following is a prokinetic drug that could be used in this situation?

A patient who is taking verapamil for hypertension and angina has become constipated. Which of the following drugs is an osmotic laxative that could be used to treat the patient’s constipation?

A 40-year-old male CEO came to the emergency department with severe burning chest pain radiating into his neck. His electrocardiogram was normal and test for troponin was negative. A diagnosis of GERD was made and he was sent home with a prescription for a drug that inhibits stomach acid. Which of the following is a drug that irreversibly inhibits the H⁺/K⁺ ATPase in the parietal cells?

Which drug is most likely to be useful in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease?

A 34-year-old woman has irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea that is not responsive to conventional therapies. Despite the small risk of severe constipation and ischemic colitis, the patient decides to begin therapy with alosetron. Alosetron has which of the following receptor actions?

On your way to an examination, you experience the vulnerable feeling that an attack of diarrhea is imminent. If you stopped at a drugstore, which one of the following antidiarrheal drugs could you buy without a prescription even though it is related chemically to the strong opioid analgesic meperidine?

A 45-year-old man with a duodenal ulcer was treated with a combination of drugs intended to heal the mucosal damage and to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following antibacterial drugs is used commonly to eradicate intestinal H pylori?

A patient is receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy for metastatic carcinoma. To prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, she is likely to be treated with which of the following?

Which drug stimulates chloride secretion into the gut lumen and is used for irritable bowel syndrome?

This is a small molecule that polymerizes in stomach acid and coats the ulcer bed, resulting in accelerated healing and reduction of symptoms.

A woman is using a skin patch medication to prevent motion sickness while on a cruise ship. Which adverse effect may result from taking this drug?

A woman with irritable bowel syndrome has recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea that are not relieved by loperamide. Which adverse effect may result from taking the drug approved for this condition?

A woman is found to have a duodenal ulcer caused by H. pylori infection, and she desires the fastest effective treatment available. Which drug combination would most likely achieve this goal?

A man with chronic heartburn caused by gastric acid reflux is placed on a drug that increases lower esophageal sphincter tone. Which mechanism is responsible for this

pharmacologic effect?

A man undergoing cancer chemotherapy with cisplatin is

placed on medication to prevent acute emesis. Which combination of drugs is recommended for this purpose in current guidelines?

One patient presented with a 2-month history of colicky abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Endoscopy results are consistent with moderate Crohn's disease involving the terminal ileum and the proximal part of the large intestine. What drug is best to start in this patient at this time?

A patient with a history of well-controlled ulcerative colitis with mesalamine (Apriso) presents with epigastric pain and dark stools. He is found to have a duodenal ulcer and is prescribed esomeprazole for 8 weeks. At follow-up 2 weeks later, her epigastric pain and pitch-dark stools resolve. However, reports of lower abdominal pain have increased, as has stool frequency. What change in pharmacotherapy is appropriate at this time?