Such presentations as catarrhal conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, white spots on the buccal mucosa in the region of lower premolar teeth, maculopapular rash on face, body and extremities are typical for the following disease:

In order to administer general healthimproving therapy a parodontist intends to study factors of nonspecific resistance of saliva and mucous secretion. Which of the following factors of nonspecific resistance should be studied in the first line?

Purulent discharges of a patient with a mandibulofacial phlegmon contain spheroid microorganisms making S-colonies with golden pigment that produce lecithinase, plasmocoagulase, hemolysin and decompose mannitol under anaerobic conditions. Specify the kind of microorganisms that had caused the suppuration:

Dwellers of a village noticed mass mortality of rats in some farms. It was suspected that the animals might have died from plague. What postmortal analyses should be conduced in order to establish the causative agent of the infection as soon as possible?

After inoculation of feces sample into the 1% alkaline peptonic water and 8-hour incubation in the thermostat at a temperature of 37^oC a culture in form of a tender bluish film has grown. Such cultural properties are typical for the causative agent of the following disease:

The contents of vesicles that appeared on the mucous membrane of a patient with variola was sent to a virological laboratory. Which of the listed changes were revealed during the smear microscopy?

HIV has gp41 and gp 120 on its surface interacts with target cells of an organism. Which of the following human lymphocyte antigens is gp 120 complementary bound with?

Analysis of sputum taken from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed rather elongated gram-positive diplococci with somewhat pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum?

A patient has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis that developed after he had had streptococcal infection. It is most likely that the affection of basal glomerular membrane is caused by an allergic reaction of the following type:

A 14-year-old patient has been diagnosed with Hutchinson’s triad: screwdriver-shaped teeth, parenchymatous keratitis and deafness. What disease are these signs typical for?

The immunoblot detected gp120 protein in the blood serum. This protein is typical for the following disease:

Serological diagnostics of infectious diseases is based upon specific interaction with antigens. Specify the serological reaction that underlies adhesion of microorganisms when they are affected by specific antibodies in presence of an electrolyte:

After the second abortion a 23-year-old woman has been diagnosed with toxoplasmosis. Which drug should be used for toxoplasmosis treatment?

Dentists are at increased risk of being infected with the type B hepatitis. What preparation should be used for reliable active prevention of this disease?

Examination of duodenal contents revealed some pyriform protozoa with twin nuclei and four pairs of flagella. There were two supporting filaments between the nuclei and a suctorial disc on the ventral side. What representative of protozoa was revealed in this patient?

A patient consulted a dentist about itching and burning in the oral cavity; high temperature. The patient was diagnosed with trichomonal gingivostomatitis. What drug should be chosen for his treatment?

In order to prevent wound infection associated woth surgical procedures a patient was given a synthetic antiprotozoan drug with a high activity against Helicobacter pylori. Specify this drug:

A patient of oral surgery department has developed a purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound discharge allowed to isolate a culture producing a blue-and-green pigment. Which of the listed microorganisms may be a causative agent of the infection?

While examining a blood smear taken from a patient and stained by Romanovsky’s method a doctor revealed some protozoa and diagnosed the patient with Chagas disease. What protozoan is the causative agent of this disease?

There was a record of some anthrax cases among animals in a countryside. The spread of disease can be prevented by means of immunization. What kind of vaccine should be used?

A stomatologist examined first-grade pupils and revealed that one of children had yellowish brown teeth, two of them were split. Here to fore the pupil was treated with ‘some pills’ on account of pneumonia. What medication could have had such a negative effect upon teeth?

A sample taken from the pharynx of a patient with angina was inoculated on the blood-tellurite agar. This resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies up to 4-5 mm in diameter. Microscopically there can be seen gram-positive rods with club-shaped ends arranged in form of spread fingers. What microorganisms are these?

A 45-year-old male died from disseminated tuberculosis. On autopsy the symptoms of tuberculosis were confirmed by both microscopical and histological analysis. All the affected organs had epithelioid cell granulomas with caseous necrosis in the centre. What kind of hypersensitivity reaction underlies the process of granuloma devepopment?

After the second abortion a 23-yearold woman has been diagnosed with toxoplasmosis.Which drug should be used for toxoplasmosis treatment?

When examining a child the dentist found the deposit on both tonsils and suspected atypical form of diphtheria. A smear was taken, and after the nutrient media inoculation the toxicity of the isolated pure culture was determined. What reaction was used to determine the toxigenicity of the isolated strain of diphtheria bacillus?

Blood serum of a newborn contains antibodies to measles virus. What kind of immunity is this indicative of?

From the fecal sample of a patient Shigella sonnei were isolated. What additional studies are required to identify the source of infection?

Microscopy of a smear obtained from a patient with acute purulent periostitis revealed gram-positive bacteria arranged in clusters resembling bunch of grapes. What microorganisms is this morphology typical for?

A female woman has been clinically diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which of the following studies can be used to confirm the diagnosis?

Microscopy of dental plaque revealed unicellular organisms. Their cytoplasm had two distinct layers, barely visible core, wide pseudopodia. The patient is most likely to have:

A 4-year-old girl died suddenly with symptoms of asphyxia. Autopsy revealed white spots on the buccal mucosa; large blotches of rash on the skin of face, trunk and extremities; conjunctivitis, edema with foci of necrosis on the laryngeal mucosa; giant-cell pneumonia on microscopy. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A patient has been diagnosed with sepsis. It was decided to treat him with a drug from the fluoroquinolone group. Specify this drug:

A physician is planning to diagnose an infectious disease by means of agglutination test. What is required for this reaction apart from the serum of a patient?

Microscopy of a smear taken from the film that appeared on the peptone water 6 hours after seeding and culturing of a fecal sample in a thermostat revealed mobile gram-negative bacteria curved in form of a comma that didn’t make spores or capsules. What microorganisms were revealed?

A 70-year-old man has developed prosphetic stomatitis. Apart of this he was found to have an evident lesion of mouth corners. Microscopical examination revealed large ovoid gram-positive cells. What microorganisms are most likely to be the leading etiological agent of such a lesion?

A patient complains of frequent bowel movements and stool with blood admixtures ("raspberry jelly" stool). Microscopic examination revealed large mononuclear cells with absorbed red blood cells. What protozoon is this morphological structure typical for?

In a bacteriological laboratory some bacterial smears had to be stained by Gram’s method. For this purpose the following reagents were prepared: gentian violet, Lugol’s solution, aqueous fuchsin solution. What other reagent is required?

A patient has herpetic conjunctivitis. What etiotropic drug should be administered?

On the base of the clinical data a child was diagnosed with atypical pneumonia resistant to the effects of beta-lactam antibiotics. The patient’s sputum was cultured and incubated in a special medium, which resulted in growth of microorganisms forming microscopic colonies with a dense center (looking like fried eggs). What microorganism caused the disease?

Examples of human-specific parasites are malaria plasmodium, enterobius vermicularis and some other. The source of invasion of such parasites is always a human. Such human-specific parasites cause diseases that are called:

Throughout a year a 37-year-old woman periodically got infectious diseases of bacterial origin, their course was extremely lingering, remissions were short. Examination revealed low level of major classes of immunoglobulins. The direct cause of this phenomenon may be the following cell dysfunction:

A patient consulted an immunologist about diarrhea, weight loss within several months, low-grade fever, enlarged lymph nodes. The doctor suspected HIV infection. What immunocompetent cells must be studied in the first place?

After starting treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis a patient complained about red tears and urine. What drug could cause such changes?

After a thorough examination the patient who had returned from Central Asia to Ukraine was diagnosed with spring-summer encephalitis. Its pathogen might have entered the body through the bite of the following arthropod:

A patient with marked manifestations of exsicosis died in the infectious disease hospital. Postmortem examination results: the corpse with contracted muscles, dry skin and mucous membranes, thick and dark blood in veins, edematous plethoric mucosa, distended bowel loops, the lumen contains about 4 liters of rice water fluid. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 24-year-old patient with catarrhal tonsillitis has ben administered a drug from the group of sulfonamides. Specify the mechanism of sulfonamide antibacterial action:

A bacteriological laboratory studied the home-made dried fish which had caused a severe food poisoning. Microscopy of the culture grown on the Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms resembling a tennis racket. What is the most likely diagnosis?

While studying blood and mucus samples from the nasopharynx, a bacteriologist took certain measures to conserve the pathogens in the material. Bacterioscopic study revealed the presence of gram-negative cocci looking like coffee beans and arranged in pairs or tetrads. Name the pathogen that was isolated by the bacteriologist:

6 hours after the initial inoculation of water sample into 1% peptone water, the growth of a culture in form of a thin pellicle on the medium surface was registered. Such cultural properties are typical for the causative agent of the following disease:

While studying blood and mucus samples from the nasopharynx, a bacteriologist took certain measures to conserve the pathogens in the material. Bacterioscopic study revealed the presence of gram-negative cocci looking like coffee beans and arranged in pairs or tetrads. Name the pathogen that was isolated by the bacteriologist:

6 hours after the initial inoculation of water sample into 1% peptone water, the growth of a culture in form of a thin pellicle on the medium surface was registered. Such cultural properties are typical for the causative agent of the following disease:

A bacteriological laboratory studied the home-made dried fish which had caused a severe food poisoning. Microscopy of the culture grown on the Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms resembling a tennis racket. What is the most likely diagnosis?

After the sanitary and bacteriological study of tap water the following results were obtained: the total number of bacteria in 1,0 ml was 80, coli index was 3. How would you interpret the study results?

A patient had been provisionally diagnosed with syphilis. A laboratory assistant took the blood serum for an immunologic test based on the detection of antibodies preventing the movement of treponemes and causing their death. What reaction was used for the diagnosis?

Examination of a 27-year-old donor who had not donated blood for a long time revealed HBs antibodies detected by ELISA method. In this case, the positive ELISA results indicate that the donor:

To prevent the seasonal influenza epidemics in the city hospitals, sanitary epidemic station gave orders to immunize health care workers. Which of the following preparations should be used for immunization?

In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of anti-rabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:

RNA-containing viruses that cause tumors in animals, genetic information can be transmitted in the opposite direction from the RNA to the DNA via a specific enzyme. The enzyme of reverse transcription is called:

Microscopy of smear preparation stained with methylene blue revealed bacilli with clublike expansions on their ends similar to C. diphtheriae. What additional method of staining should be used to verify this assumption?

Bacterioscopy of nasopharyngeal mucus taken from a 2,5-year-old child with nasopharyngitis revealed gram-negative diplococci looking like coffee grains. What organs of the child are most likely to be affected if these microorganisms penetrate the blood?

Diphtheria exotoxin had been treated with 0,3-0,4 % formalin and kept in a thermostat for 30 days at a temperature of 40 ⁰ C. What preparation was obtained as a result of these manipulations?

There are several cases of children from boarding school suffering from sore throat. Microscopy of tonsil smears stained according to Neisser method has revealed thin yellow bacilli with dark brown grains on their ends placed in the shape of Roman numeral five. What infection can be suspected in this case?

To conduct serum diagnostics of typhoid fever a test is carried out, when diagnosticums of three types of microorganisms are added into different solutions of patient’s serum; then agglutinate formation is checked. Name the author of this kind of test.

A patient, who works as a milkmaid, has made an appoinment with a dentist with complaints of aptha-shaped rash on the mucosa of oral cavity. The doctor detected rash on her hands in the area of nail plates. What agent causes this disease?

A 47-year-old male patient consulted a dentist about difficult mouth opening (lockjaw). The patient has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection can be manifested be these symptoms?

A pregnant woman complains of vaginal mucosa irritation, itching and genital tracts secretion. Bacterioscopy of vaginal smears revealed large gram-positive oval oblong cells that form pseudomicelium. What is the most probable channel of infection?

In a maternity hospital a newborn should receive vaccination against tuberculosis. What vaccine should be chosen?

A doctor examines a 17-year-old girl. The following is detected: pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, fever. The preliminary diagnosis is infectious mononucleosis. What method of investigation allows confirm this diagnosis at the disease onset?

In order to prevent wound infection associated with surgical procedures a patient was given a synthetic antiprotozoan drug with a high activity against Helicobacter pylori. Specify this drug: