WorksheetsLMR 3oo Midterm Review
Total questions: 120
Worksheet time: 2hrs 0mins
How many degrees and in what direction should the foot be rotated for the AP oblique projection to demonstrate the 5th toe?
30 degrees laterally
30 degrees medially
45 degrees AP
50 degrees Laterally
How many degrees and in what direction should the foot be rotated for the AP oblique projection to best demonstrate the great toe?
30 degrees medially
15-20 degrees laterally
30-45 degrees laterally
30 degrees laterally
what other projection term refers to the AP projection of the foot?
malleoli
Dorsoplantar
phalanges
plantar
How many degrees and in what direction should the central ray be directed for the AP axial of the foot?
45 cephald
20-30 degrees calcaneous
15 degrees cephald
10 degrees toward the calcaneous
How many degrees and in what direction should the foot be rotated for the AP oblique projection of the foot?
20 degrees laterally
15-20 degrees medially
30 - 45 degrees medially or laterally
70 degrees laterally
Which projection of the foot best demonstrates the cuboid and its articulations?
Lateral toe
Medial oblique foot
Lateral foot
Dorsoplantar AP
which projection of the foot best demonstrates the sinus tarsi?
AP weight bearing
Medial oblique foot
Lateral oblique foot
Mediolateral foot
which projection of the foot best demonstrates the bases of the 4th and 5th metatarsals free from superimposition?
Lateral foot
mediolateral foot
Lateral weight bearing foot
Laterally oblique foot
How many degrees and in what direction should the central ray be directed for the axial (plantardorsal) projection of the calcaneus?
40 degrees cephald at base of 3rd metatarsal
30 degrees cephald at base of 3rd metatarsals
10 degrees cauded, wherever
30-40 degreess
where should the central ray enter for the lateral projection of the ankle?
parallel directed to the 3rd metatarsal
parallel directed to the mallelous
perpendicular directed to the medial mallelous
perpendicular directed to the medial mallelous
How many degrees and in which direction should the foot and leg be rotated to best demonstrate the mortise joint for the AP oblique projection of the ankle?
30-45 degrees plaing the intermalleolar perpendicular to the IR
15-20 degrees internally placing the intermalleolar parallel to the IR
30-45 degrees lateral
45 degrees medial
which projection of the ankle best demonstrates the tibiofibular joint space free from bony superimposition?
15-20 medially
45 degrees lateral oblique
70 degrees lateral
45 degrees medial oblique
which projection of the ankle should be preformed to best demonstrate a ligamentous tear?
lateral oblique
Alternate/ special Ankle projection/ Ap stress/ Ap w/ inversion and eversion
dorsoplantar
lateral ankle
what position was performed for the above radiograph?
lateral-mediolateral
Lateral oblique
Dorsal plantar
AP weight bearing
what position/ projection was preformed for the about radiograph?
Right lateral ankle
Left medial lateral ankle
Left lateral foot
AP weight bearing
what position.projection was preformed on the above radiograph?
right mediolateral foot
left medial lateral foot
right medial lateral foot
left lateral foot
what position was performed?
lateral oblique
medial lateral
medial oblique
ap foot
what position/projection was preformed for the above radiograph?
AP Mortise projection medial oblique
Ap Mortise projection lateral oblique
lateral oblique
medial oblique
what position was performed for the above radiograph?
AP ankle
AP weight bearing
lateral ankle
mediolateral ankle
the medial malleolus is part of the?
Tibia
Femur
Fibia
Humerus
which position of the foot will best demonstrate the lateral (3rd) cuneiform?
AP
AP oblique with medial oblique
AP oblique with lateral oblique
lateral oblique
what is one advantage of the lateralomedial projection of the foot?
the foot assumes true lateral
the foot becomes superimposed
the foot is over rotated
the foot is under rotated
what CR angulation is required for the AP oblique projection of the foot?
CR is perpendicular
CR is parallel
NONE
CR is cephalad
where is the CR placed for a mediallateral projection of the calcaneous?
1in distal to medial malleolus perpendicular
3-4in distal to medial malleolus
1in proximal to medial malleolus
How much rotation from the AP of the ankle will typically produce on AP mortise projection?
15 degrees medially
45 degrees
15-20 degrees
none
SITUATION: a radiograph of an AP ankle projection revels that the tibiofibular lateral joint space is not open what should the tech do to correct this?
Nothing, acceptable image
rotate internally
rotate mediolaterally
The tangential projection for the sesamoid bone of the foot should be preformed with the patient prone rather than supine to minimize image magnification.
True
False
the central ray is directed to which of the following for a AP and AP axial projection of the foot?
base of the 3rd metatarsal
5th metatarsal
the phalanges
3rd metatarsals
what is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for a AP projection of the lower leg?
perpendicular to IR
Parallel to IR
none
what is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for a lateral projection of the lower leg?
perpendicular to IR
Parallel to IR
im running out of fake answers!!
which projection of the knee best demonstrates the femortibial joint space open if the patient measures more than 24 CM between the ASIS and the table top?
AP knee, 3-5 degrees cephalad
Lateral knee, 3-5 degress cephalad
AP knee, perpendicular
For the lateral projection of the knee, how many degree's should the knee be flexed?
15-20 degrees
20-30 degrees
10-15 degrees
45 degrees
which projections of the knee best demonstrates the proximal tibiofibular articulations without bony superimpoosition?
mediolateral oblique
AP medial oblique knee
AP knee
PA knee
which projections of the knee best demonstrates the femoropatella space open?
AP knee
Lateral knee
Hyperflexion cervical
PA axial intercondyle fossa: tunnel view
what evaluation criteria indicate the knee is properly positioned for the lateral projetions?
condyles arent superimposed
true lateral
20-30 degrees
posterior borders of the femoral condyles directly superimposed
which of the following evaluations criteria indicates that the knee is properly positioned for the AP projection?
The femortibial joint space is open
the femoral condyles are perpendicular
the proximal tibiofibular articulation is open
the patella is perpendicular to the IR
where should the patella be demonstrated on the radiograph of the AP oblique projection of the knee with medial rotation?
over the lateral condyle of the femur
over the medial condyle of the femur
centered betweeen the femoral condyles
superimposed with the tibiofibular articulation
which TWO projections of the knee is the patella completely superimposed on the femur?
AP knee
Lateral knee
PA knee
AP medial oblique knee
for which projection of the knee should the patient be prone on the table, with the knee flexed until the leg forms a angle of 40 degrees with the table, and the central ray directed perpendicular to the long axis of the leg, entering the back side of the knee?
lateral knee
PA axial intercondyle foss: tunnel view
45 degree medial oblique knee
PA
How should the central ray be directed for the bilateral weight bearing AP projection of the knees
perpendicular to IR 1in below apex of patella
1in above the base of the patella
perpendicular to IR
parallel to IR
what is the purpose of the CR angle on the lateral projection of the knee?
femropatella joint space open
patella seen in profile
to shoot a lazer beam
just for fun
which essential knee is projection is used to evaluate arthritic knees?
APweight bearing bilateral knee- pt supine
PA axial intercondyle fossa- tunnel view
AP weight bearing bilateral knee- pt erect
what postion/projection was performed for the above radiograph?
AP medial oblique knee
PA Medial oblique knee
AP weight bearing
AP knee
what position/ projection was performed for the above radioigraph?
cephalic knee
ap knee
oblique knee
lateral knee
External/Lateral oblique knee
TRUE
FALSE
where should the CR enter the patient for a AP projection of the knee?
1/2 inch below the apex of the patella
4 inches below apex of patella
1/2 in above apex of patella
if a knee xray is made while the patient is wearing denim jeans which of the following is likely to occur?
Nothing, its fine
Jeans will leave a artifact
youll need to roatate more
what is the correct amount of knee flexion for the Pa axial projection (holmbald method) of the intercondyle fossa ?
70 degrees
15-20 degrees
0 degrees
45 degrees
which of the following method is used to demonstrate the patella and the femoropatella joint space?
tanfential
settegast method
Holmbald Method
pa
a systemic disorder that increases the uric acid content of the blood and may cause a joint condition that commonly affects the feet is caused?
UTI
kidney stones
Gout
which projection of the knee best demonstrates the femorrpattela space open?
medial projection
lateral- mediolateral projection
lateral projection
a patient comes to the radiology department for a knee study with special interest in the region of proximal tibiofibular joint and lateral femoral condyles which positions?
AP
Lateral
Medial oblique knee
Pa knee
which positioning maneuver should be performed to prevent the femoral neck from appearing foreshortened in the AP projection of the femur?
AP pelvis- rotate legs and feet externally 15-20 degrees
AP pelvis- rotate legs and feet internally 15-20 degrees
none
For the lateral projection of the femur, how should the pelvis be positioned to demonstrate only the knee joint with the distal femur?
Epicondyles superimposed
perpendicular to IR
flex knee 45
unaffected leg over top of effected leg
where should the top of the IR be for the AP projection of the pelvis?
1-2in above illiac crest
between the ASIS and symphysis pubis
1-2in below the illiac crest
where on the midline of the patient should the central ray enter for the AP projection of the pelvis?
2 inches above the illiac crest
2 inches above the pubic symphysis
at the level of the ASIS
2 inches above the level of the ASIS
which positioning maneuver should be performed to place the femoral head and femoral necks in a true AP for an AP projection of the pelvis?
pt supine
pelvis not roated
rotate legs/feet 15-20 degrees internally
do nothing
for the lateral hip what is the purpose of abducting femur the required number of degrees?
to position the pelvis in the true lateral
to prevent superimposing the acetabulum with the pelvis
to position the femoral necks parallel and in profile with the IR
to prevent superimposing the femoral head with acetabulum
which projection of the femur is contraindicated for patients with suspected fracture or destructive disease?
two right angle views
one right angle view
2 left angle views
cephalad
a patient had rod securing a fractured femur. what is critical to include in the radiographs of the femur post surgery?
make sure whole rod is in it
no need to get rod
only half of the rod
what is the purpose of the CR on the lateral projection of the knee?
open femoropatellar joint space/ patella for true lateral
epicondyles superrimposed
greater trochantar visible
nothing
when evaluating an image, how can one tell if the lower limbs are positioned properly for the AP projection of the pelvis and upper femur?
Greater Trochanter visible
lesser trochanter not visible
neck of femur vsible
lesser trochnater visible
which special projection of the hip can be used when a patient had limited mobilty or suspected fracture?
Modified Axial
Lateral View
2 right angle views
Mediolateral
what position/projection was performed during the above radiograph?
mediolateral- unilaterial frog leaves method
mediolateral hip
medial hip
bilateral frog cleaved method
what position/ projection was performed during the above radiograph?
Ap pelvis/ Bilateral hips
unilateral frog leg
what position/projection was preformed in this radiograph?
mediolateral frogs cleaves method
AP unilateral/hip/proximal femur
bilateral hips
AP cervical SID
40
100
72
AP oblique cervical (what will give best image) SID
72
20-30 degrees
40
15-20 degrees
Lateral cervical SID
40
72
20-30 degrees
what are the views we can use to visualize the otontoid (c1 and c2) and which views can we do to see the dens in the foramen magnum?
lateral cerivcal spine
AP open mouth and lateral
anterior posterior oblique
AP oblique cerivcal
how do we visualize the zygopophyseal joint on a cervical spine?
Lateral cervical spine
ap cervical spine
anterior / posterior oblique
ap open mouth
what vertebrae do we see on a lateral cervical spine, what can we so if we cant visualize the vertebrae we need?
c2
t4 cervial spine
c1-c7,cervicothoracic lateral (swimmers) T1
which position do we use to visualize the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine?
Hyperflexion cervical
Ap cervical
Lateral cervical
anterior/posterior oblique
why do we take the lateral cervical spine on full expiration?
Make shoulders as high as possible
Lower shoulder depression
to make them breath heavy
which intervertebral foramen are visualized on AP obiques? PA obliques?
intervertebral foramen and pedicle of c1-c7 closet to IR
Clavicle
odontoid c1 and c2
which projection of the cervical vertebrae should produce a radiographic image showing the patients mandibular body nearly perpendicular to the lower border of the radiograph?
lateral hyperflexion
medial hyperflexion
Hyperextension
PA cervical
What position was the patient in for the above image?
How and where should the CR be directed?
in the image which cranial structure should be superimposed with the occlusal surface of the upper central incisors?
which vertebrates are demonstrated?
AP open mouth
perpendicular through open mouth
base of the skull
C1 and C2
what position was the above image taken?
Which vertebrae should be demonstrated?
how should pt be positioned for mandible not to be superimposing vertbrae?
breathing instructions?
lateral cervical spine
C1-C7 and T1
chin anterior to prevent mandible superimposing upper vertabrae
suspend respiration on expiration
in what body position is the patient ?
which side of the intervertebral foramina is demonstrated?
are they close to IR or furthest away?
RAO-PA obilque cervical spine
Right side
Closet to IR
furthest from IR
what position is the pt in the above image?
which intervertabral foramina is demonstrated?
how many degrees should the entire body be rotated?
how much and in what direction should the CR be directed?
RAO-PA oblique cervical spine
C1-C7
45 degreees
15 degrees cauded to c4
what is the name of the above image?
what is the rationale for doing this position for a cervical spine?
cervicothoracic (swimmers) lateral
hyperflexion cervical
Humeral head should not be superimposed verterbrae
Humeral head should be superimposed verterbrae
why is it best to evaluate the distance from the ASIS and the table when performing a AP and oblique knee?
so you dont go through the joint space
to make sure your going through joint space
to know the Kvp
which position of the knee demonstrates the tibia and fibula free of superimposition ?
AP medial oblique
vitamin water
lateral knee
hyperflexion cervical
how much should you flex the knee for a lateral projection?
15-20 degree
20-30 degree
10 degree
none
why do we flex the knee 20-30 degrees in a lateral knee projection?
for sleeping
so its a true lateral
so its straight
because we feeling like it
How do you determine correct position for a lateral knee projection?
the knew is flexed
its lateral
condyles are aligned
condyles arent aligned
what is the CR angle for a lateral knee?
5-7 degrees cephald
3-5 degree cauded
3-5 degree cephald
perpendicular
which position of the knee best demonstrates the femoropatellar joint space?
Laterl
AP
Medial
where will the patella be located on an AP knee radiograph?
medially
not superimposed
superimposed on center of femur
laterally
what is the CR angle for the AP projection of the toes?
10-15 degree toward calcaneous
20-30 degrees cephalad
20-30 degrees cauded
what will be better demonstrated on AP toes with angle than AP toes done with a perpendicular angle?
no space between the toes
space between the toes
what is the routine when radiographing the foot?
Dorsoplatar
medialoblique
lateral
AP
what tarsal joint should be open on an AP projection of the foot?
cuniform spaces
navicular
cuboid
calcaneous
what projection of the foot best demonstrates the sinus tarsi?
medial oblique
sinus tarsi
mediolateral oblique
the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal?
medial/lateral
AP
calcaneous
you guys rock!
which position best demonstrates the cuboid?
lateral oblique foot
medial oblique foot
the lateral oblique would best demonstrate what?
navicular, space between 1st and 2nd metatarsals
3rd and 6th metatarsals
nothing
what joint opens up by dorsoflexing the foot?
tibiotalar joint
tibiofibular joint
sinus tarsi
how much rotation is required for the medial oblique ankle?
45 degree
50degree
20 degree
15 degree
what joint is open on a radiograph of a medial oblique ankle?
tibiofibular joint open sufficient obliquity
tibiotalar joint open if dorsoflexed
how much rotation is required to visualize an open tibiofibular joint?
45 degree medial oblique
50 degrees medial oblique
20 degrees medial oblique
what two positioning landmarks are used to locate the neck if the femur?
symphysis pubis and ASIS
at the the level of the ASIS
at the symphysis pubis
what must be done on an AP pelvis to ensure no foreshortening of the femoral neck?
internally rotate 15-20 degrees
externally rotate 15-20 degrees
internally rotate 20-30 degrees
what structure should be seen on an AP hip and AP pelvis if the feet were positioned correctly?
greater trocanter/neck of femur
lesser trochanter
what structure should be seen minimally or not at all if the feet were positioned correctly on AP hip and or/ AP pelvis?
lesser trochnater
greatere trochanter
neck of femur
what structure indicates the patients leg or legs were abducted enough on a radiograph of a lateral hip or modified cleaves method?
lesser trochanter are equally visualized
greater trochanter is viualized
femoral neck is visualized
where is the central ray placed for a AP pelvis?
above the symphsis pubis, below the ASIS
lined up with the ASIS
Midpoint of the femur
wherever
where is the central ray located for an AP unilateral hip?
1/2 inch below the apex of the patella
1-2 inches medial, 3-4in distal to the ASIS
1 inch below the apex of the patella
which specific positioning error is present when the left iliac wing is elongated on a AP pelvis radiograph?
over rotated to the left
over rotated to the right
rotated 15 degrees
which specific positioning error is present when the right illiac wing is foreshortened on AP pelvis radiograph?
over rotated to the right
over rotated to the left
why must two separate radiographs be taken when radiographing an adult femur?
its the biggest/ longest bone in the body
its the shortest bone
its a twig
how should the affected leg be positioned when xraying the proximal femur?
rotate leg internally
femoral neck parallel
greater trochanter
how should the affect leg be positioned when xraying the distal femur?
true AP
femoral condyle parallel to IR
what projections/position are included during a routine cervical spine ?
AP cervical
AP Axial
AP open mouth
Left / Right oblique
why and which direction is the CR angled on a AP axial cervical spine?
15-20 cephald
15-20 cauded
20-30 cephald
why does a open mouth have to be included in a routine cervical spine?
visible C7
Visible C1-C2
visible t7
what structure would a LPO cervical spine best demonstrate ?
spine
interverebral foramen and pedices
the scotty dog
what structure would an RAO cervicle spine best demonstrate?
right intervertebral foramen
pedicles
what is the SID for obliques of the cervical spine?
72
40
32
15
the zygapophyseal joints are best demonstrated on which projection of the cericle spine?
hyperflexion cervical spine
AP Knee
lateral cervical spine
