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APES unit 1

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 22mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The study of environmental science primarily considers

a)

interactions among human systems and those found in Earth

b)

the effect of human systems

c)

abiotic factors that influence the state of our environment

d)

factors that affect global climate change

2.

An ecosystem is a location on Earth that includes

a)

only biotic components

b)

only abiotic components

c)

interacting biotic and abiotic components

d)

positive and negative feedback loops

3.

Which best describes the difference between an environmentalist and an environmental scientist?

a)

the difference is unimportant because both care about Earth

b)

an environmentalist follows a belief system; an environmental scientist is concerned with the methods of science

c)

an environmentalist studies the humanities; an environmental scientist has a background in biology and chemistry

d)

an environmentalist is concerned with abiotic factors; an environmental scientist studies biotic factors

4.

Living in a sustainable way refers to

a)

recycling all paper, plastic, and metals

b)

using resources in a way that does not deprive future generations

c)

using Earth's resources efficiently

d)

eating locally whenever possible

5.

Which of the following is a qualitative observation?

a)

15 inches

b)

a liquid

c)

a green solution

d)

6 feet 1 inches

6.

Which is NOT a common issue with experimental design?

a)

having only uncontrolled variables

b)

no repeated trials

c)

having control groups

d)

having more than one independent variable

7.

Place the ecology levels of organization in proper order (smallest to largest)

a)

organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere

b)

community > organism > ecosystem > biosphere > population

c)

organism > community > biosphere > population > ecosystem

d)

population > biosphere > ecosystem > community > organism

8.

A tapeworm lives in the small intestines where it feeds and grows, robbing the human of essential nutrients. This is a _____ type of relationship.

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Symbiotic

d)

Mutualism

9.

The cattle egret follows herds of cattle and eat the insects that the cattle stir up as they move through the grassland. The cattle appear to be unaffected by the egrets. This is a _____ type of relationship.

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Symbiotic

d)

Mutualism

10.

A positive feedback loop occurs

a)

when a system responds to a change by returning to its original state

b)

when feedback into a system decreases a rate of response

c)

when a system is in a steady state

d)

when feedback into a system increases a rate of response

11.

Which is a biotic factor?

a)

producers

b)

pH

c)

energy

d)

humidity

12.

Which best describes the concept of net primary production?

a)

total amount of energy available from the Sun

b)

total amount of cellular respiration conducted within an ecosystem

c)

energy captured minus energy lost

d)

total amount of energy available from the producer

13.

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 10oC and 200 cm of precipitation annually?

a)

Temperate seasonal forest

b)

Temperate rainforest

c)

Woodland/shrubland

d)

Tropical seasonal forest

14.

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 4oC and 50 cm of precipitation annually?

a)

Tundra

b)

Boreal forest

c)

Temperate grassland/cold desert

d)

Woodland/shrubland

15.

What factors are used to classify a biome?

a)

average temperature

b)

average precipitation

c)

distinctive plants adapted to area

d)

all of these are correct

16.

Which biome is characterized by the presence of permafrost?

a)

temperate seasonal forest

b)

woodland/shrubland

c)

tundra

d)

boreal forest

17.

Terrestrial biomes are defined by ____ and ____ variables.

a)

temperature; precipitation

b)

temperature; animals

c)

precipitation; plants

d)

animals; plants

18.

What is a herbivore?

a)

receives energy from the sun

b)

only eats meat

c)

only eats plants

d)

eats both plants and meat

19.

A keystone species is best defined as

a)

an organism that eats all others

b)

an organism that runs the fastest

c)

an organism that keeps the food web stable

d)

an organism that has the most advantages

20.

Which of the following are examples of wetlands?

a)

swamps

b)

marshes

c)

bogs

d)

all of these are correct

21.

Which biome has warm temperatures, high precipitation, and little seasonal variation due to its location near the equator?

a)

Boreal forest

b)

Tropical rainforest

c)

Woodland/shrubland

d)

Subtropical desert

22.

The direction of an arrow in a food chain represents

a)

the flow of energy from organism B to A

b)

the movement of organisms

c)

the directionality of the sun

d)

the flow of energy from organism A to B

23.

All of the following is true about a niche generalist EXCEPT

a)

thrives in multiple environments

b)

feeds on specific food only

c)

lives in various habitats

d)

feeds on various food

24.
Barn owls hunt shrews. In this example what is a barn owl?
a)
Herbivore/Predator
b)
Carnivore/Prey
c)
Carnivore/Predator
25.
Which of the following would be considered to be prey?
a)
an animal that has to hunt for its food
b)
an animal that is eaten by another animal
c)
an organism that makes it own food
d)
an organism that feeds on the blood of another animal
26.
When a pine tree grows real tall and blocks sunlight to another pine tree it is _______ competition.
a)
Interference
b)
Intraspecific
c)
Interspecific
d)
Exploitative
27.

Predator population lags behind prey population because:

a)

Increase in predators leads to decrease in prey

b)

Increase in predators leads to increase in prey

c)

Increase in predators leads to decrease in producers

28.

A relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other

a)

interspecific competition

b)

Mutualism

c)

Symbiosis

d)

Commensalism

29.

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit

a)

Amensalism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

d)

Mutualism

30.
What is an ecosystem?
a)
All life including vegetation and bacteria in a given area
b)
Members of the same species that live together
c)
All living and nonliving things in a given area
d)
All ecosystems that are in some way connected to each other
31.

Human activities such as the ____ release large amounts of Carbon into our atmosphere.

a)

Burning of fossil fuels

b)

burning of wood

c)

use of synthetic fertilizers

d)

use of detergents

32.

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles does not have an atmospheric phase?

a)

Hydrolic Cycle

b)

Nitrogen Cycle

c)

Sulfur Cycle

d)

Carbon Cycle

e)

Phosphorous Cycle

33.

Productivity in an ecosystem has to do with

a)

Efficiency of its primary producers

b)

The number of different species living in the ecosystem

c)

Its longevity

d)

Its rate of producing biomass

34.

The length and complexity of a food web in the Arctic would be ____ when compared to one in the tropical rainforest.

a)

Short and less complex

b)

short and more complex

c)

long and less complex

d)

long and more complex

35.

Producers rely on _____ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on ____ to release chemical energy.

a)

Cellular Respiration; photosynthesis

b)

Cellular Respiration; cellular respiration

c)

photosynthesis; cellular respiration

d)

photosynthesis; photosynthesis

36.

Ecologists study....

a)

Living things and their genetic makeup

b)

Genetic Patterns and the chemistry in them

c)

The physical world and its processes

d)

Relationships between organisms and their environment

37.

In the Nitrogen cycle, what is one Natural way that Nitrogen gets into our soil?

a)

Fertilizers

b)

Human Waste through septic tanks

c)

Decomposing animals

d)

Industrial waste

38.

In the _____, there is no wet/dry season. But we do see more lower plants with a thicker epidermis..

a)

Tundra

b)

Boreal

c)

Savanna

d)

Desert

e)

Taiga

39.

Intraspecific Competition is between the same species. true or false?

a)

True

b)

False

40.

Diurnal and Nocturnal creatures share their resources through the use of which of the following processes?

a)

Competition

b)

Resource Partitioning

c)

Different trophic levels

d)

Coevolution

41.
The process of plants losing water through their leaves is called ____.
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
transpiration
d)
exhaling
42.

Which is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

a)

hydrogen

b)

oxygen

c)

helium

d)

nitrogen

43.
Where is carbon stored in the environment?
a)
Fossil fuels
b)
Wood of trees
c)
Calcium carbonate (shells and bones)
d)
All of the above
44.

Which cycle DOESN'T have an atmosphere component (part)?

a)

carbon

b)

nitrogen

c)

phosphorus

d)

water

45.

Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?

a)

cooking with gas

b)

planting trees

c)

burning wood

d)

riding in a bus

46.
Nitrogen fixing bacteria, lives in nodules on the root of a plant called
a)
Broccoli
b)
Legumes
c)
Beats
d)
Carrots
47.
Organisms that break down dead plants & animals and release nitrogen back into atmosphere...
a)
bacteria
b)
plants
c)
animals
d)
producers
48.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle
49.

The process where rocks are broken down over time by wind and water, releasing phosphorus.

a)

combustion

b)

corrosion

c)

deposition

d)

erosion

50.
When nitrogen gas is turned in to a form that plants and animals can use is called 
a)
Combustion
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Decomposition
d)
Nitrogen Fixation
51.

What is the correct formula for nitrogen gas found in the atmosphere?

a)

N2

b)

NO3-

c)

NH4+

d)

NO2-

52.
How do animals get nitrogen?
a)
the atmosphere 
b)
eating other organisms
c)
rainwater
d)
lightning 
53.

Organisms that need nitrogen to survive.

a)

only plants

b)

only animals

c)

only bacteria

d)

all living things

54.

How is nitrogen "fixed" into a usable form for plants?

a)

Through action of bacteria only

b)

Through lightning only

c)

Through action of bacteria and lightning

d)

Through photosynthesis

55.

How do animals get the nitrogen they need?

a)

From the air they breathe

b)

From the water they drink

c)

From the food they eat

d)

From the sun

56.

What process occurs when dead plant and animal matter decomposes and nitrogen is released back into the atmosphere?

a)

Assimilation

b)

Fixation

c)

Ammonification

d)

Denitrification

57.

Plants and animals cannot use nitrogen directly from the air.

a)

True

b)

False

58.

Bacteria fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into a form plants can use.

a)

True

b)

False

59.

In the nitrogen cycle, what does label A in the diagram represent?

a)

Gas

b)

Clouds

c)

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

d)

Nitrogen in the atmosphere

60.
Phosphorous is passed from plants to ____ who eat them
a)
plants
b)
animals
c)
scavengers
61.
_____ brings phosphorous into our waterways. .
a)
precipitation
b)
runoff
c)
transpiration
d)
condensation
62.
Which of the following statements is true of the phosphorus cycle?
a)
Phosphorus enters the atmosphere as phosphates.
b)
The phosphorus cycle utilizes the processes of erosion, and weathering.
c)
Phosphates are used in carbohydrate and glucose storage.
d)
The phosphorus cycle utilizes bacteria to breakdown phosphates and make them available for plants.
63.
What role do decomposers play in the phosphorous cycle?
a)
absorb phosphorous 
b)
release phosphorous into atmosphere
c)
return phosphorous into the soil
d)
combustion
64.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
65.

Too much phosphorus in waterways (rivers, lakes) can lead to___________.

a)

eutrophication

b)

Nothing

c)

Death

d)

diseases

66.

An algal bloom is the rapid growth of a population of

a)

fungi

b)

protozoans

c)

algae

67.

In general, algal blooms occur when

a)

toxins accumulate in shellfish.

b)

nutrients decrease in the water.

c)

nutrients increase in the water.

68.
Which is a producer?
a)
deer
b)
tall grass
c)
lion
d)
worm
69.
What does a Primary Consumer eat?
a)
Tertiary Consumers
b)
Secondary Consumers
c)
Producers
70.
An organism that lives by breaking apart dead organic matter into simpler parts is...
a)
scavenger
b)
consumer
c)
decomposer
d)
carnivore
71.
In a food web, arrows point at:
a)
who gets energy.
b)
who gets eaten.
72.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a ecosystem.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
73.
Bacteria, fungi, and earthworms are examples of: 
a)
scavengers
b)
predators
c)
prey
d)
decomposers
74.
What is missing from this food chain?
Grass > Grasshopper > Bird > Snake
a)
Producer
b)
Primary Consumer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Decomposer
75.
If the grasshopper were to be removed completely from the food web, what organism would be most effected?
a)
The squirrel
b)
The shrew
c)
The deer
d)
The rabbit
76.
In this food pyramid, which level has the greatest amount of energy?
a)
Producers
b)
Primary Consumers
c)
Secondary Consumers
d)
Tertiary Consumers
77.
How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?
a)
1%
b)
10%
c)
50%
d)
100%
78.
In the food web shown, the snail would be considered...
a)
primary consumer
b)
secondary consumer
c)
tertiary consumer
d)
producer
79.
If there is 1000 Kcal available in the producers in trophic level 1, how much energy is available in the herbivores in trophic level 2?
a)
10 Kcal
b)
1 Kcal
c)
100 Kcal
d)
1000 Kcal
80.
A food pyramid represent the relative amount of energy in trophic levels. Which of the following correctly shows a food pyramid?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
81.
Which month has the lowest average temperature?
a)
December
b)
November
c)
January
d)
February 
82.
In _________ the average temperature of the warmest month is below 10 degrees Celsius.
a)
Arctic
b)
Polar
c)
Temperate
d)
Mid-Latitude
83.
Which climate zone is found at the blue X?
a)
Tropical
b)
Temperate
c)
Polar
84.
Which biome is represented by the climatograph?
a)
Rainforest
b)
Tundra
c)
Savanna
85.
The biome known for trees with broad leaves that fall off the trees in the winter.
a)
Coniferous Forests
b)
Deciduous Forests
c)
Deserts
d)
Tropical Rain Forests
86.
The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are...
a)
Food and Water
b)
Water and Sunlight
c)
Temperature and Oxygen
d)
Water and Temperature 
87.
Which biome is MOST LIKE the "desert" in terms of precipitation?
a)
tropical rainforest
b)
temperate deciduous forest
c)
tundra
d)
coniferous forest
88.
Which biome could an animal who hibernates in the winter to survive the cold live in?
a)
Grasslands
b)
Taiga
c)
Desert
d)
Rainforest
89.
Which biome is represented by the climatograph?
a)
Grassland
b)
Tundra
c)
Desert
90.
Which biome is represented by the climatograph?
a)
Rainforest
b)
Taiga
c)
Savanna
91.
The bar graph represents?
a)
Temperature
b)
Precipitation
c)
Wind Direction
92.

Which biome covers most of the land mass near Earth's equator?

a)

Desert

b)

Grassland

c)

Tropical rainforest

d)

Temperate forest

93.
True or false: The amount of nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere tends to vary depending on temperature and latitude.
a)
True
b)
False
94.
True or false: The concentration of gases in the atmosphere, such as ozone and water vapor, can vary over time and from one place to another.
a)
True
b)
False
95.
The atmospheric layer that is closest to the Earth is the __________.
a)
troposphere
b)
stratosphere
c)
mesosphere
d)
thermosphere
96.
The ozone layer is located in which atmospheric layer?
a)
stratosphere
b)
thermosphere
c)
troposphere
d)
exosphere
97.

__________ primary productivity is the total amount of energy that producers convert to chemical energy in organic molecules per unit of time.

a)

Net

b)

Total

c)

Gross

d)

Secondary

98.

__________ primary productivity = the organic materials that remain after photosynthetic organisms in the ecosystem have used some of these compounds for their cellular energy needs (cellular respiration).

a)

Gross

b)

Total

c)

Net

d)

Secondary

99.

Ecological efficiency from one trophic level to the next is generally:

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

75%

d)

90%

100.

The total quantity of all living matter in an area is called:

a)

Troposphere

b)

Net Primary Productivity

c)

Biomass

d)

Ecosystem

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