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WorksheetsHMH 7th Grade Science 1st 9-Wks Exam Study Guide
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 1hrs 16mins
Which type of scientific investigation should be used to study how glacier movement affects the landforms?
make a model
controlled experiment
field study
look up pictures of glaciers
Which type of scientific investigation should be used to observe differences between two herbivores?
make a model
controlled experiment
field study
visit the zoo
Which type of scientific investigation should we use to study how friction can affect a force?
make a model
controlled experiment
field study
look it up in a textbook
The independent variable is the ONE thing you _____.
change
keep the same
experiment with
investigate
The measurable factor in an experiment is known as the:
Control
Independent Variable
Constant
Dependent Variable
In the table, Bubbles is the ______________.
independent variable
dependent variable
Sophie earned $5 for every A she got on her report card.
m = money
A = A on report card
The dependent variable is:
m = money
A = A on report card
Replication is when one scientist
copies another scientist's experiment.
laughs at another scientist's experiment.
repeats their own experiment several times.
clones another scientist.
Repetition is when one scientist
copies another scientist's experiment.
bumps into another scientists.
repeats their own experiment several times.
clones a T. rex.
A scientist is researching the solar system. How can the scientist best add to the empirical evidence already gathered about the solar system?
The scientist can make and record observations.
The scientist can debate the research with other scientists.
The scientist can write an opinion column about the research.
The scientist can develop a new law regarding the solar system.
Controlled scientific experiments include variables. One kind of variable is an independent variable and the other kind is a dependent variable. Which statement describes the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
The dependent variable does not change and the independent variable does change.
The independent variable does not change and the dependent variable does not change.
The dependent variable is the control and the independent variable is the result.
The dependent variable changes based on the independent variable.
Which of the claims about why many experiments include several trials instead of a single trial is correct?
Repetition of trials makes data easier to analyze.
Repetition of trials increases the accuracy of the results.
Repetition of trials increases the sample size of the experiment.
Repetition of trials lets the experimenter change the experimental procedure.
Thomas used toothpicks and balls of clay to make a model of a water molecule. The balls of clay represent atoms and the toothpicks represent bonds, as shown in the figure. Why is a model an effective way to understand the structure of water?
The structure of water is not really known.
Water is too complex to be easily understood.
It is too dangerous to observe a water molecule.
Water molecules are too small to be easily seen.
Two scientists have different ideas about a scientific concept. What might they do to resolve their differences?
Debate their ideas using evidence they have gathered through observation and research.
Remain silent and hope someone will come up with confirmation for one side or another.
Each will only discuss the idea with people they know will agree with it.
Each will agree that the other is correct in order to remain friends.
Two plants were grown in two different brands of potting mix. The graph below shows the height of the two plants over 12 weeks. Why does a key need to be added to the graph?
to describe the purpose of the graph
show which plant is represented by each line
to describe how often the height was measured
to show what units were used to measure height
Trevor recorded the high temperature and low temperature in Miami for 5 days.
Based on the evidence, what was the high temperature in Miami on Thursday?
24 degrees Fahrenheit
33 degrees Fahrenheit
24 degrees Celsius
33 degrees Celsius
Student backpacks are designed using the engineering design process. Backpack designers make three prototypes of the same backpack. Each prototype uses exactly the same design and technique but different fabrics. Look at the results of testing for each of the prototypes.
Based on evidence below, which of the following claims explains the relationship between the mass of the backpack and the maximum load the backpack can carry?
As the fabrics get thinner, they are able to support heavy loads.
As the fabrics get heavier, they are able to support heavy loads.
As the fabrics are sewn better, they are able to support heavy loads.
As the fabrics age through use, they are less able to support heavy loads.
Yeast is a living organism that bakers often use to make dough rise. What is yeast an example of?
an organism being changed by technology
an organism being used to create new technology
an organism being used to help with life processes
an organism being used for a technological application
The figures shows how the idea of the atom has changed over time. Which of the following claims best describes the reasoning behind the change in how scientists view atoms?
Scientists always thought atoms were made of smaller particles.
Scientists once thought positively charged particles orbit a negatively charged center, and later they reversed the picture.
Scientists realized atoms were bigger than previously thought.
Scientists realized that all positive charge was located at the center of the atom and negatively charged particles, called electrons, moved about it.
Photosynthesis is a complex series of chemical reactions that take place in a plant cell. The chemical equation summarizes photosynthesis, which is how plants make their own food. Based on the explanation, what might be a possible weakness of this model?
It does not show all the steps of the process.
It is too complicated to use for studying photosynthesis.
It has no value for studying photosynthesis.
It cannot be modified to show the more detailed process.
Sebastian drew a figure to illustrate evidence supporting Boyle’s law, which explains the relationship between pressure and volume for a gas kept at constant temperature. His figure looked like the one shown. Based on the evidence in the figure, which claim can be made about what happens to a gas due to pressure?
The volume of gas increases as pressure decreases, and particles get closer together.
The volume of gas decreases as pressure increases, and particles get closer together.
The amount of gas increases as pressure decreases.
The volume of gas remains constant as pressure increases.
Which claim describes how a scientist makes scientific explanations?
A scientist bases scientific explanations on a large body of observations of the world.
A scientist bases scientific explanations only on other scientists’ opinions.
A scientist bases scientific explanations on personal experience and opinions.
A scientist suggests scientific explanations and makes up evidence to make them true.
Which description defines a dependent variable in a scientific experiment?
any factor that is controlled during an experiment
any factor that is measured to gather results
any factor that changes during an experiment
any factor that is changed so that it can be tested
The diagram above represents a molecule of water. The circles represent atoms, and the lines represent bonds.
experiment
observation
visual model
mathematical model
A group of students measures the mass and volume of an object to calculate its density. Which procedure increases the accuracy and validity of the group’s data?
repeating the experiment and analyzing all the data
having group members individually calculate density
varying the equipment used to check whether the results are constant
Which of these events might lead to the modification of a scientific idea?
A scientist uses a computer to teach a scientific concept to students.
Two scientists doing the same experiment in different parts of the world under the same conditions get the same results.
One scientist finds evidence that she feels doesn’t fit a theory. Other scientists agree that her results are valid.
A scientist performs an experiment and finds out that one of the chemicals used in the experiment was contaminated.
Which of the following is an example of an organism being used for a technological application?
Algae produce oils that people turn into biofuel.
Cows produce milk that people drink for nutrition.
The shape of a train is inspired by the shape of a bird’s beak.
The habitat of a species of bear is threatened by a highway’s construction.
Scientists can use many strategies during investigations, including fieldwork, surveys, models, and experiments. Which of these phrases best describes an experiment?
mathematical analysis of data
observation of animals in their natural world
collection of data from an uncontrolled environment for comparative purposes
procedure with controlled conditions and test and outcome variables
Which term describes a collection of observations on which a scientific explanation is based?
fieldwork
scientific law
scientific theory
empirical evidence
Which of these can change when new evidence is presented?
theory
law
Which of these explain how a natural phenomenon works or happens?
theory
law
Which of the following is a characteristic of both scientific laws and theories?
based on scientific evidence
explain natural phenomena
based on opinions of scientists
not subject to change
A geologist investigates a large city that has been struck by a recent earthquake. Some areas are severely damaged, and other areas are not. What is the best method for the geologist to find a scientific explanation for the varying levels of damage?
Review local newspaper reports.
Conduct a survey of residents in each area.
Analyze the strength of previous earthquakes that have struck the same area.
Create a computer model that takes into account different variables.
What must you do before you make a hypothesis?
Run an experiment
Make observations (Research)
Form a theory
Draw conclusions
If you were running an experiment to determine the temperature at which beans sprout the fastest, what would be the independent variable?
The number of beans you plant
The height of the sprouts you grow
The amount of water you give the beans
The temperature at which each bean is kept
What might cause a theory to change over time?
New laws passed by the government
new but untestable ideas
changes in public opinion
the discovery of new evidence
The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle.
crystal
crust
core
mantle
The central part of the earth below the mantle
crystal
crust
core
mantle
a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition
mineral
crystal
cleavage
erosion
A mineral's ability to split easily along flat surfaces. *
mantle
cleavage
element
crystal
a solid, geometric form that results from a repeating pattern of atoms or molecules
crystal
mineral
crust
erosion
The movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations
convection
weathering
mesosphere
rock cycle
The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.
luster
rock cycle
mantle
crust
rock that forms when melted rock cools and hardens
igneous rock
deposition
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
The strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core
Weathering
Lithosphere
Mesosphere
Asthenosphere
the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, Rock that flows slowly
Mesosphere
rock cycle
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another
deposition
weathering
erosion
crystal
A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
deposition
mesosphere
the series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock
Mesosphere
Weathering
rock cycle
Mantle
A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
Mesosphere
Asthenosphere
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
The way a mineral reflects light
Mantle
Streak
Crust
Luster
process in which water, ice, wind, and gravity drop newly formed sediments
Mesosphere
Weathering
Deposition
erosion
the color of a mineral's powder
core
streak
mantle
luster
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
element
cleavage
weathering
erosion
A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
sedimentary rock
Asthenosphere
igneous rock
metamorphic rock
the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth's surface
Mesosphere
rock cycle
Deposition
Weathering
the gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time.
Pangea
continental drift
plate tectonics
fault
a break in a body of rock along which one block moves relative to another
tension
fault
compression
convergent boundary
the molten or partially molten rock material containing trapped gases produced under Earth's surface
Magma
volcano
hot spot
lava
a volcanically active area of Earth's surface far from a tectonic plate boundary
magma
lava
compression
hot spot
Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
fault sea
floor
tension
plate
