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AP Biology Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function Exam Review

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Movement of particles from high to low concentration. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
2.
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
3.
Osmosis is a form of ______________. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
4.
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
5.
Solutes move with the concentration gradient, therefore no energy is used. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
6.
Movement of materials from high to low concentration through a protein channel. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
7.
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
8.
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
9.
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
10.
Exocytosis
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
11.
Endocytosis
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
12.
Solutes move against the concentration gradient, therefore energy is needed. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
13.
Uses ATP (energy)
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
14.
This uses energy
a)
endocytosis
b)
exocytosis
c)
both
15.
This takes substances into a cell
a)
endocytosis
b)
exocytosis
c)
both
16.
What is the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic?
a)
One prevents the solute from escaping the semipermeable membrane
b)
There is no difference
c)
One refers to the same concentration of solutes. The other doesn't
d)
To protect the cell and to make the cell have a stronger  membrane
17.
What is it called when molecules move across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a carrier protein?
a)
Diffusion
b)
Osmosis
c)
Active Transport
d)
Facilitated Diffusion
18.

Cells tend to be small, with sizes ranging between 1 and 100 mm. These small sizes help to ensure that cells have a favorable surface-area-to-volume ratio. Choose the statement that explains why a favorable surface-area-to-volume ratio is advantageous.

a)

Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios improve the efficiency of transporting materials in and out of cells.

b)

Lower surface-area-to-volume ratios improve the efficiency of transporting materials in and our of cells.

c)

Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios speed up the flow of cytoplasm within cells.

d)

Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios slow down the flow of cytoplasm within cells.

19.

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain all of the following EXCEPT

a)

Cell (Plasma) Membrane

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Ribosomes

20.
Which of the following is major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?
a)
evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes.
b)
the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs.
c)
limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases
d)
the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
21.
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?
a)
glycogen
b)
cellulose
c)
proteins
d)
lipids
22.
The cell membrane is solid and rigid.
a)
true
b)
false
23.
Which way would the purple molecules move through the semi-permeable membrane?
a)
From the  A side  to the B-side
b)
From the B side to the A side
c)
none of the purple molecules would move
d)
they would move equally back and forth in a state of dynamic equilibrium
24.
The picture is an example of...
a)
active tranport
b)
passive transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
25.
Which of the following is responsible for getting large or charged (polar) molecules across the cell membrane?
a)
E
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
26.
Hydrophobic region of the cell membrane?
a)
E
b)
B
c)
C
d)
A 
27.
Controlling what goes into or out of the cell with the help of energy is called
a)
active transport
b)
endocytosis
c)
passive transport
d)
exocytosis
28.
Which form of active transport is being shown? (Inside of  the cell is tan colored) 
a)
Facilitated Diffusion
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Endocytosis
d)
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
29.
A saltwater snail is placed in freshwater. What happens to its cells?
a)
They shrink
b)
They swell
c)
Nothing happens
30.
Which statement about cholesterol molecules is true?
a)
They help hold a membrane together.
b)
They alter the fluidity of the membrane.
c)
They attach to carbohydrates.
d)
They disrupt membrane function.
31.
A protein that forms an ion channel through a membrane is most likely 
a)
a peripheral membrane protein
b)
a phospholipid
c)
an enzyme.
d)
a transmembrane protein
32.
How do the cell membranes of a hibernating animal change in colder temperatures?
a)
They release all of their peripheral membrane proteins
b)
Saturated fatty acids are more tightly packed
c)
Integral membrane proteins increase in number
d)
Unsaturated fatty acids make up more of the lipid composition
33.
Which statement about diffusion is false?
a)
Diffusion does not require ATP
b)
Simple diffusion depends upon specific carrier proteins
c)
In diffusion, molecules move from areas of greater concentration to areas of lesser concentration
d)
Diffusion continues until the molecular concentrations are in equilibrium
34.
If a hospital patient is mistakenly given an IV of pure water instead of a saline solution that is isotonic to blood, the patient’s red blood cells will
a)
shrink and collapse
b)
release water to the plasma along its concentration gradient
c)
absorb water from the plasma and eventually burst
d)
transport equal amounts of water across the cell membrane in both directions
35.
The difference between osmosis and diffusion is that
a)
diffusion is passive transport, whereas osmosis is active transport
b)
only in diffusion do molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
c)
osmosis is the opposite of diffusion and only involves the movement of water
d)
osmosis refers specifically to the movement of water, whereas diffusion refers to the movement of any type of molecules
36.
Which of the following is the driving force for facilitated diffusion?
a)
Concentration gradient
b)
ATP hydrolysis
c)
ADP hydrolysis
d)
Phosphorylation
37.
Which of the following is the driving force for simple diffusion?
a)
Concentration gradient
b)
ATP hydrolysis
c)
ADP hydrolysis
d)
Phosphorylation
38.
In a hypothetical study, cells are placed in a solution of glucose in which the concentration of glucose is gradually increased. At first, the rate at which glucose enters the cells is found to increase as the concentration of the glucose solution is increased. But when the glucose concentration of the solution is increased above 10 M, the rate no longer increases. Which of the following is the likely mechanism for glucose transport into these cells?
a)
Facilitated diffusion via a carrier protein
b)
Facilitated diffusion via a channel protein
c)
Pinocytosis
d)
Tertiary active transport
39.
All cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier called a(n)
a)
electron microscopy
b)
cell wall
c)
cell membrane
d)
photo cell
40.
_____ are cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei.
a)
Phototophylites
b)
Prokaryote
c)
Eukaryote
d)
LocoKaryotes
41.
Meagan has a large membrane-enclosed structure within her cells that contain her DNA known as a(n) _______
a)
Necleo Peptide
b)
nucleus
c)
RNA marker
d)
ribozome
42.
In general, Eukaryota cells (including plant and animal cells) are ____ _____ than Prokaryotic cells. 
a)
obviously stronger
b)
less complex
c)
more complex
d)
obviously weaker
43.
_____ are located near the nucleus, help organize cell division, and are not found in plant cells.
a)
vacuoles
b)
centrioles
c)
chloroplasts
d)
organelles
44.
_____ cells contain an internal membrane system known as the ______ ____ where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other materials
a)
Eukaryotic, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
b)
Prokaryotic, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
c)
Mutant, oxygen exchanger
d)
New, permeable membrane
45.
______ are the biological equivalent of a solar cell.
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Chloroplasts
c)
ER
d)
Golgi Apparatus
46.
Most prokaryotic cells produce a strong supporting layer around the cell membrane known as a(n) ___ ____. 
a)
plastic cellotite
b)
cell wall
c)
selective argroleme
d)
vacuole pyrite
47.
The ____ ____ regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell.
a)
Golgi Apparatus
b)
ER
c)
cell wall
d)
cell membrane
48.
Molecules that are unable to diffuse across the membrane may use _____ ____ or special protein channels to pass through,
a)
permits glucosomine
b)
permits forfietures
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
optional optusion
49.
Isotonic, as pertains to water and sugar, refers to ______ _____.
a)
strong limbs
b)
same strength
c)
upside down
d)
over production
50.
The ____ ____ gives cell membranes a flexible structure
a)
lipid bilayer
b)
lipid loped
c)
loped liped
d)
multi lingual
51.
When the membrane allows one substance to pass but not another it is said to be ____ ___
a)
picky picky
b)
selectively blind
c)
selectively permeable
d)
permeable lock
52.
The _____ convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds the cells can use.
a)
lipid corigidors
b)
mitochondria
c)
celluliptaz
d)
permitria
53.
package, modify, and ship proteins
a)
mitochondria
b)
rough ER
c)
Golgi apparatus
d)
smooth ER
54.
Two subunits made of RNA and protein.  Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
a)
chromatin
b)
ribosomes
c)
centrioles
d)
nucleolus
55.
Which is NOT a part of the endomembrane system?
a)
lysosome
b)
Golgi
c)
ER
d)
ribosome
56.
Contain ribosomes
a)
nucleus
b)
vacuoles
c)
lysosome
d)
chloroplasts
57.
Which of these is NOT a membrane bound organelle?
a)
lysosome
b)
ribosome
c)
mitochondria 
d)
chloroplast
58.

Which kind of cell is prokaryotic, may or may not have a cell wall, and has no membrane bound organelles?

a)

Animal

b)

Bacteria

c)

Fungi

d)

Plant

59.

The hydrophilic head of the phospholipid ___ to interact with water and is said to be ____.

a)

Loves, polar

b)

Loves, nonpolar

c)

Hates, polar

d)

Hates, nonpolar

60.

The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid ___ to interact with water and is said to be ____.

a)

Loves, polar

b)

Loves, nonpolar

c)

Hates, polar

d)

Hates, nonpolar

61.

Select any substances that can simply diffuse through the cell membrane.

a)

Oxygen gas

b)

Sugar

c)

Charged ions

d)

Small

e)

Charged

62.

Select all forms of cell transport that require ATP energy.

a)

Facilitated diffusion

b)

Endocytosis

c)

Exocytosis

d)

Active Transport

63.

The diffusion of water through the cell membrane along its own concentration gradient is known as (a)   .

64.

The use of a protein pump (ions like Na+, K+, H+, etc.) is an example of ___ because ___.

a)

exocytosis; ions are moved out of the cell

b)

active transport; ATP is required

c)

facilitated diffusion; a protein is needed for transport

d)

endocytosis; ions are moved into the cell

65.

This cell is experiencing which kind of situation?

a)

Hypertonic

b)

Hypotonic

c)

Isotonic

66.

In this kind of situation, the *initial* concentration of water is greatest _____________ the cell.

a)

Inside of

b)

Outside of

67.

In this kind of situation, water will move _____ the cell, causing it to ___________.

a)

into, swell

b)

out of, swell

c)

into, shrink

d)

out of, shrink

68.

Because cell function is so heavily dependent on effectively transporting materials across the cell membrane, cell size is limited due to the need for a (a)   ratio of surface area to volume.

69.

The point of organelles such as the mitochondria, golgi, ER, etc. all having membranes is to ...

a)

Provide extra protection to those critical organelles

b)

Increase surface area for materials transport

c)

Prevent hazardous materials from escaping the organelles and damaging the rest of the cell

d)

All of the above

70.

Which organelle uses digestive enzymes to break down old cellular components and/or invading bacteria/virsus and recycles those components to other organelles for use in building new macromolecules?

a)

Gap junction

b)

Nucleus

c)

Golgi Body

d)

Lysosome

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