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Heredity

Total questions: 130

Worksheet time: 3hrs 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which trait could be influenced by the environment?
a)
Fur color changes with seasons
b)
Fur color changes as you get older
c)
Height is affected by what you eat
d)
You can stretch to grow taller
2.
Which of these is an example of a learned behavior?
a)
A cleft chin
b)
The color of a flower
c)
A toddler learning how to read
d)
A wolf with thick fur
3.
What is genetics?
a)
The study of DNA nucleotides
b)
The study of heredity
c)
The study of a cell dividing into 2
d)
The study of eye color
4.
The passing of DNA from parents to offspring
a)
Generation
b)
Heredity
c)
Inheritance
d)
Traits
5.
After Mendel died scientists began to recognize the importance of his ideas. They called him a name. What was that name?
a)
Father of genes
b)
Father of heredity
c)
Father of genetics
d)
Father of traits
6.
Chromosomes are found in the ____________ of the cell
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Nucleus
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Mitochondria
7.
What is a gene?
a)
An entire chromosome that  codes for a trait
b)
a piece of clothing
c)
a piece of a DNA on chromosome that codes for a trait
d)
Chemical messengers in your brain that code for a trait
8.
Segments of DNA are called _______________________
a)
Genes
b)
Nuclei
c)
genotypes
d)
Chromosomes
9.
What is a recessive allele?
a)
A trait that is always shown (capital letter)
b)
A trait that can be hidden (lower case letter)
c)
Alleles that are the same
d)
Alleles that are different
10.
What is a dominant allele?
a)
A trait that is always shown (capital letter)
b)
A trait that can be hidden (lower case letter)
c)
Alleles that are the same
d)
Alleles that are different
11.
The physical traits of an organism
a)
Teletype
b)
Genotype
c)
Mesotype
d)
Phenotype
12.
The genes of an organism
a)
Mesotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Teletype
d)
Genotype
13.
A unit of genetic material that determines a trait
a)
Carrier
b)
DNA
c)
chromosome
d)
Gene
14.
This means Same Gene
a)
Dominant
b)
Recessive
c)
Heterozygous
d)
Homozygous
15.
Genes always appear in pairs. Your parents donate ________ allele for every trait.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
23
d)
46
16.
This means Different Gene
a)
Dominant
b)
Recessive
c)
Homozygous
d)
Heterozygous
17.
____________________ are used to make predictions about the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.
a)
Dominant Squares
b)
Punnett Grids
c)
Punnett Squares
d)
Recessive Squares
18.
What is Bb?
a)
Homozygous
b)
Heterozygous
c)
Recessive
d)
Alleles
19.
What are the two genotypes that show the DOMINANT Phenotype
a)
GG, gg
b)
GG, Gg
c)
Gg, gg
20.
What is the only Genotype that shows the RECESSIVE Phenotype?
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
21.
Which of the following pairs is homozygous dominant?
a)
Hh
b)
pp
c)
HH
d)
aa
22.

Each allele in a heterozygous individual influences the phenotype.

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

c)

incomplete dominance

d)

codominance

23.

Both of the alleles in a heterozygous individual contribute to the phenotype, instead of blending, there are usually patches.

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

c)

incomplete dominance

d)

codominance

24.
Heredity is the passing of traits from _____________________ to _____________________
a)
predators to prey
b)
water to rain
c)
parents to offspring
d)
fungi to protists
25.
Why did Mendel choose to study pea plants in order to learn how traits are passed from parent to offspring?
a)
Pea plants grow quickly
b)
Pea plants are ultraviolet
c)
Pea plants are rare and expensive
d)
Pea plants are take years to grow
26.
If a child has red hair, they inherited a certain _______________ from their parents.
a)
ratio
b)
trait
c)
probability
d)
sex chromosome
27.
One trait that is ALWAYS present and causes the other traits to disappear is a ________________________
a)
recessive trait
b)
aggressive trait
c)
absent trait
d)
dominant trait
28.
A ___________________ is a relationship between two numbers
a)
genetic
b)
trait
c)
ratio
d)
cycle
29.
Emily has brown hair. Which is most likely a true statement about Emily?
a)
Emily’s favorite color is brown.
b)
Emily has a parent with brown hair.
c)
Emily’s older brother has brown hair. 
30.
What characteristic is inherited by only some members of its species?
a)
gills on a fish
b)
wings on a bird
c)
spots on a horse
d)
trunk on an elephant
31.
Bunny A’s fur is all brown, while his brother and sisters are half brown and half white. The bunnies’ father is all brown, and the mother bunny is half brown and half white. Which best describes why Bunny A has brown fur?
a)
The bunny inherited a brown fur characteristic from each parent. 
b)
The bunny inherited a white fur characteristic from each parent. 
c)
The bunny rejected the white characteristics from its mother.
d)
The bunny rejected the brown characteristics from its father.
32.
Which characteristic would a child not inherit from one or both of its parents?
a)
freckles
b)
hair style
c)
eye color
d)
dimples
33.
A litter of kittens have traits that are similar to both the mother cat and the father cat. Which best explains this situation?
a)
The kittens are provided the same kind of milk from their mother as they grow.
b)
The kittens inherit some of their traits from their mother and some from their father.
c)
The kittens are kept at the same temperatures by their mother when they are first born.
d)
The kittens are taught by their parents to have similar traits.
34.
Mark is asked to write a brief description of himself for the school paper. Which characteristic mentioned in his description has Mark most likely inherited from his parents?
a)
height
b)
favorite food
c)
interest in sports
d)
ability to speak a foreign language
35.

Why is heredity important?

a)

It keeps organisms in their species.

b)

It makes the DNA inside cells similar.

c)

It passes traits from parents to offspring.

d)

It create cell walls.

36.
The mathematical chance that an event will occur
a)
dominant allele
b)
probability
c)
recessive allele
d)
Punnett Square
37.
A new organism begins to form when egg and sperm join in a process called
a)
fertilization
b)
phenotype
c)
homozygous
d)
heterozygous
38.

An organism that is the offspring of many generations that show the same form of a trait.

a)

Heterozygous

b)

Dominant allele

c)

Purebred

d)

Genotype

39.

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait.

a)

Genotype

b)

Phenotype

c)

Homozygous

d)

Hybrid

40.

A chart or a family tree that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations.

a)

Punnett square

b)

Pedigree

c)

Heredity

d)

Purebred

41.
How many alleles (letters) does a child get from each parent for each trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
42.
How many alleles (letters) do each person carry for a trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
43.
B = brown eyes
b = blue eyes
What is true about these two brothers that have brown eyes?
One has genotype BB the other Bb.
a)
they have same phenotype and genotype
b)
they have different genotypes and phenotypes
c)
they have same phenotype but different genotypes
d)
they have same genotype but different phenotypes
44.
In a pedigree, what shape represents a male?
a)
circle
b)
square
c)
triangle
d)
diamond
45.
What gender has an X and a Y chromosome?
a)
male
b)
female
c)
transgender 
d)
all of the above
46.

The ability to roll your tongue is a dominant trait. If both parents are heterozygous for tongue rolling and they have 8 children together, is it possible that they could have children who are unable to roll their tongues?

a)

Yes

b)

No

47.

A male heterozygous for widow’s peak marries a female without a widow’s peak.

Widow’s peak is a dominant trait (H) not having a widow’s peak is recessive (h).


What is the male's genotype?

a)

HH

b)

Hh

c)

Widow's Peak

d)

No Widow's Peak

48.

A male heterozygous for widow’s peak marries a female without a widow’s peak.


Widow’s peak is a dominant trait (H) not having a widow’s peak is recessive (h).


Use the Punnett Square on Widow's Peal to answer the following question:


What percent of the children will have widow's peak?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

49.
What do these two organisms have in common?
a)
They reproduce sexually
b)
They reproduce asexually
c)
They reproducing using eggs and sperm
d)
They reproduce with two parents
50.
Which statement describes asexual and sexual reproduction?
a)
Asexual is one part of sexual reproduction.
b)
Sexual reproduction happens before asexual reproduction.
c)
Asexual needs one parent, and sexual needs two parents.
d)
Sexual only happens in animals, and asexual happens only in plants.
51.
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
a)
Sexual reproduction produces identical offspring.
b)
Sexual reproduction happens before asexual reproduction.
c)
Sexual reproduction generates a large number of offspring.
d)
Sexual reproduction causes genetic variation in offspring.
52.
Which organism is the product of asexual reproduction?
a)
W
b)
X
c)
Y
d)
Z
53.
This shows which form of reproduction?
a)
sexual
b)
asexual
54.
A mutation in which cell would get passed on to offspring?
a)
blood
b)
egg
c)
muscle
d)
nerve
55.
Genes are unable to determine a person's
a)
eye color
b)
athletic ability
c)
shape of ears
d)
type of chin
56.
The pictures below show two dogs. The instructions determining the color of their fur are found in their cell...
a)
cytoplasm
b)
membrane
c)
mitochondria
d)
chromosomes
57.
A father's genotype is BB, and a mother's is Bb. Which statement describes their offspring?
a)
They will have the same genotype and phenotype.
b)
The phenotypes will be the same, but the genotypes will be different.
c)
The genotypes will be the same, but the phenotypes will be different.
d)
Both genotypes and phenotypes will be different
58.
White hair (W) is dominant in horses, and non-white (w) is recessive. A dominant WW horse is crossed with a recessive ww horse, as shown in the Punnett square. What percentage of offspring would have white hair?
a)
0%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
59.
Round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r) in pea plants. If two heterozygous parents are crossed as shown above, what percentage of offspring would have round seeds?
a)
0%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
60.
A partial Punnett square is shown below. Which of the following statements describes the parental genotypes that would result in this Punnett square?
a)
Both parents are heterozygous.
b)
One parents is homozygous dominant, the other is heterozygous.
c)
One parents is homozygous recessive, the other is heterozygous.
d)
Both parents are homozygous dominant.
61.
Hanging earlobes (L) are dominant to attached earlobes (l). Based on the diagram, which box would have attached earlobes?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
62.
In mussels, brown coloring (B) is dominant and blue coloring (b) is recessive. Which cross would have 100% of offspring with blue color?
a)
Bb x Bb
b)
BB x bb
c)
bb x bb
d)
BB x BB
63.
In mussels, brown coloring (B) is dominant and blue coloring (b) is recessive. Which cross would have 100% of offspring with blue color?
a)
Bb x Bb
b)
BB x bb
c)
bb x bb
d)
BB x BB
64.
According to the theory of natural selection, how did giraffe necks get longer over time?
a)
Short-necked giraffes were killed by long-necked giraffes.
b)
Giraffes stretched to make their necks longer.
c)
Long-necked giraffes could reach more food and survived longer to reproduce.
d)
Long-necked giraffes only mated with long-necked giraffes.
65.
The pedigree shows the inheritance of sickle cell anemia. Which couple has the greatest chance of having a child that is affected?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
66.
The pedigree shows colorblindness. How many individuals in the pedigree are affected by colorblindness?
a)
3
b)
4
c)
7
d)
12
67.
Peppered moths come in light and dark colors. Light moths are more common, since they blend in with the light bark of the trees they live on. If pollution darkens the color of the bark, what does natural selection predict will happen to the moths?
a)
Their color will remain light gray
b)
Their color will turn dark gray
c)
Their wings will get shorter
d)
Their wings will get longer
68.
Which of these is a trait that is acquired through learning?
a)
Ability to flinch
b)
Ability to be right-handed
c)
Ability to throw a free throw
d)
Ability to grasp objects
69.

Two parents have type O blood. What will the blood type of their children be?

a)

O

b)

They can have all four types of blood

c)

Either A or O

d)

AB

70.

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

a)

A red cow and a white bull have a red and white spotted calf.

b)

Human ABO blood types

c)

A red flowering plant and a white flowering plant have pink flowered offspring.

d)

A tall plant and a short plant have tall offspring.

71.

In peas, yellow pod color is dominant to green pod color. Two heterozygous parents are crossed. What are the chances that the offspring will have green pods?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

72.

In peas, yellow pod color is dominant to green pod color. Two homozygous dominant parents are crossed. What are the chances that the offspring will have green pods?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

73.

In peas, yellow pod color is dominant to green pod color. A heterozygous parent is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant. What are the chances that the offspring will have green pods?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

74.

A woman has type AB blood and her husband has type O blood. The doctor tells them their child has type O blood. She thinks this is very strange. Why?

a)

She can't be the mother of a type O child.

b)

Her husband can't be the father of a type O child.

c)

Type O blood is very rare.

d)

There's nothing strange about it.

75.

If a man is color blind, can he pass the trait on to his sons?

a)

Yes

b)

No

c)

Only if his mother was color blind.

d)

Only if his father was color blind.

76.

Male patterned baldness is a recessive sex linked trait. How can a woman have it?

a)

A woman can have it if she has two alleles for it.

b)

A woman can have it if her father had it.

c)

A woman can have it if she has one allele for it.

d)

A woman can't have male patterned baldness.

77.

In a dihybrid cross, how many boxes does the punnet square need to have?

a)

2

b)

4

c)

8

d)

16

78.

In horses, coat color has incomplete dominance. A horse with one allele for black coat and one allele for cream coat will have the color known as buckskin. If two buckskin horses have a baby, what are the potential coat colors it could have.

a)

It can only be buckskin.

b)

It will be either buckskin or cream colored.

c)

It will be either black or cream.

d)

It could have any of the three possible coat colors.

79.

Two pea plants are crossed that are heterozygous for both height and flower color. Tall is dominant to short and purple is dominant to white. What is the phenotypic ratio of the children.

a)

9:3:3:1

b)

10:2:2:2

c)

5:4:4:3

d)

6:6:2:2

80.

A white flowered plant is crossed with a red flowered plant. The two traits have codominance. What color are the offspring?

a)

Red

b)

White

c)

Red and white spotted

d)

Pink

81.

What is the phenotypic ratio when you cross Tt with tt?

T = tall, t = short


The following ratios are for Tall : Short

a)

3:1

b)

1:1

c)

All tall

d)

All short

82.

A skin cell is different from an eye cell because they contain different genes

a)

True

b)

False

83.

Recessive alleles are found less frequently among organisms

a)

True

b)

False

84.
How many TOTAL chromosomes do humans have?
a)
2
b)
44
c)
46
d)
23
85.
This is a picture of chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs---what is it called? 
a)
Genome
b)
Punnett Square 
c)
Karyotype
d)
Autosomal cells 
86.
Looking at the karyotype, is this person male or female?
a)
There is no way to tell from a karyotype.
b)
Male 
c)
Female 
d)
This person has a genetic disorder
87.
A gene located on the sex chromosome
a)
autosome
b)
sex-linked
c)
genetic disorder
d)
sex gene
88.
These cut DNA into smaller pieces.
a)
Restriction enzymes
b)
Gel electrophoresis
c)
Ozaki fragments
d)
Scissors
89.
There are _______ autosomes in humans.
a)
2
b)
23
c)
46
d)
44
90.
Which of the following disorders can be observed in a human karyotype
a)
colorblindness
b)
trisomy 21
c)
cystic fibrosis
d)
sickle cell diease
91.
Which of the following disorders is a direct result of nondisjunction?
a)
sickle cell disease 
b)
Turner's syndrome
c)
Huntington's disease
d)
cystic fibrosis
92.
The technique used to separate DNA strands of different lengths is_______
a)
gel electrophoresis 
b)
restriction enzyme digestion
c)
shotgun sequencing
d)
bioinfomatics
93.
Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because
a)
Fathers pass the allele for colorblindness to their sons only
b)
The allele for colorblindness is located on the Y chromosome.
c)
The allele for colorblindness is recessive and located on the X chromosome.
d)
Males who are colorblind have two copies of the allele for colorblindness.
94.
What is the probability that a human sperm cell will carry a X chromosome?
a)
50%
b)
100%
c)
25%
d)
0%
95.
Gene located on the X or Y chromosome
a)
Homozygous dominant
b)
nondisjunction
c)
Sex-linked gene
d)
Autosomal Disorder
96.
The total chromosome number of a human male is often written as
a)
46, XX
b)
46, XY
c)
46, YY
d)
23, XY
97.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by
a)
a small change in the DNA sequence of one gene
b)
nondisjunction during meiosis
c)
crossing-over between sex-chromosomes
d)
the combined effects of many genes
98.
The main goal of the Human Genome Project was to 
a)
identify the unique parts of each person's DNA
b)
identify genes responsible for human disease
c)
determine the entire sequence of human DNA.
d)
identify the structure of the DNA molecule
99.
The specialized field of studying whole genomes, including genes and their functions, is called
a)
genomics
b)
bioinformatics
c)
the Human Genome Project
d)
information science
100.
Which term(s) best describes the inheritance of human blood types? 
a)
incomplete dominance and multiple alleles
b)
codominance and epistasis
c)
codominance and multiple alleles
d)
incomplete dominance and codominance
101.
If a woman is a carrier for a sex linked recessive trait of hemophilia and her husband has hemophilia, which of the following is true? Make a punnett square!
a)
All sons will have hemophilia
b)
all daughters will have hemophilia
c)
50% of daughters and 50% of sons have hemophilia
d)
100% of sons have hemophilia and 100% of daughters are carriers
102.
The genotype of the affected son and daughter at the bottom of this pedigree...
a)
homozygous dominant
b)
homozygous recessive
c)
heterozygous
d)
Can't tell
103.
Which piece of DNA moves farthest in electrophoresis?  A segment that is
a)
100 base pairs long
b)
100,00 base pairs
c)
5,000 base pairs
d)
2 base pair
104.
How is Huntington's disorder inherited, and what would be a genotype for a female with it?
a)
X-linked dominant; XHXH or XHXh
b)
X-linked recessive; XhXh
c)
autosomal dominant; HH or Hh
d)
autosomal recessive hh
105.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by a ____________
a)
single base substitution in the gene for hemoglobin
b)
deletion of an amino acid from a chloride channel protein
c)
defective gene found on the X chromosome
d)
trisomy of chromosome 21
106.

Group of offspring produced by a given set of parents:

a)

generation

b)

family

c)

characters

d)

partners

107.

An inherited disease:

a)

karyotype

b)

pedigree

c)

genetic disorder

d)

phenotype

108.

Juan's dog, Luna, was hit by a car. Fortunately, she lived and is healthy! But she is now missing a leg. Having only three legs is a(n)

a)

inherited trait.

b)

learned behavior.

c)

instinct.

d)

acquired trait.

109.

Every living thing has genetic information stored in the form of

a)

Ribosomes

b)

DNA

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Mitochondria

110.

Chromosomes are

a)

Found in the mitochondria

b)

Made of 20 pairs

c)

Long strands of DNA that contain many genes

d)

Bundles of DNA that contain only one gene each

111.

The image shows a naturalist most famous for his book"ORIGIN OF SPECIES" who is he?

a)

Carl Linnaeus

b)

Robert Hooke

c)

Charles Darwin

112.

Purple and white flowers are obtained in the ratio shown above on crossing purple and white flowered plants,which generation does the picture depict?

a)

F1

b)

F3

c)

F2

113.

Convergent evolution happens in organisms that are not closely related while divergent evolution is observed in organisms that are closely related.

Read the statement and suggest the type of evolution shown in the picture above.

a)

Convergent evolution

b)

Divergent evolution

114.

After studying the cross depicted above we can conclude that:

a)

The X chromosome decides the sex of the offspring

b)

The Y chromosome decides the sex of the offspring

115.

Reasons that pea plants were a good choice to study for Mendel included that

a)

pea plants are asexual.

b)

pollination was random.

c)

pea plants have easily identifiable traits.

d)

peas plants have a long gestation period.

116.
In a dihybrid cross
a)
one trait is crossed.
b)
two traits are crossed.
c)
four boxes are needed for the punnett square.
d)
mom's alleles are dominant.
117.
True or False: Punnett Squares can predict the genetic outcome of offspring
a)
True
b)
False
118.

A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes is called ____________________.

a)

Gene

b)

Chromosome

c)

Trait

d)

Genetics

119.
What is an autosome?
a)
automobile built for one person
b)
chromosome that does not determine gender
c)
chromosome that does determine gender
d)
a plant because they do photosynthesis
120.
Which of these statements is true?
a)
Humans have the highest number of chromosomes among mammals.
b)
All mammals have the same number of chromosomes.
c)
Different species have a different number of chromosomes.
d)
More than one choice is true.
121.
Looking at the karyotype, is this person male or female, and how do you know?
a)
There is no way to tell from a karyotype.
b)
Male - has two X's
c)
female - has two X's
d)
Male - has an X and Y
122.
Looking at this karyotype, what atypical chromosome grouping do you observe?
a)
This is a male without a y chromosome.
b)
This is a female without a second X chromosome.
c)
Nothing atypical
123.
Looking at this karyotype, what atypical chromosome grouping do you observe?
a)
lack of a y chromosome
b)
trisomy 13 (3 copies of 13)
c)
just a typical girl
d)
just a typical boy
124.
How is colorblindness inherited and what would be a colorblind male's genotype?
a)
x-linked recessive; Xhy
b)
autosomal recessive; hh
c)
autosomal dominant; HH or Hh
d)
x-linked dominant; XHy
125.
How is sickle cell disorder inherited, and what would a be a genotype for a female with sickle cell?
a)
x-linked recessive; XaXa
b)
x-linked dominant; XAXA or XAXa
c)
autosomal dominant AA or Aa
d)
Autosomal recessive aa
126.
How is cystic fibrosis inherited, and what would be a genotype for a male with CF?
a)
X-linked recessive; Xfy
b)
X-linked dominant; XFy
c)
autosomal recessive; ff
d)
autosomal dominant; FF or Ff
127.
How is hemophilia inherited, and what would be a genotype for an affected male?
a)
X-linked recessive; Xhy
b)
X-linked dominant; XHy
c)
autosomal dominant; HH or Hh
d)
autosomal recessive; hh
128.
How is this trait inherited?
a)
autosomal dominant
b)
autosomal recessive
c)
x-linked dominant
d)
x-linked recessive
129.
If this is an autosomal recessive inheritance, which of the following would be true statements about carriers of this trait?
a)
In generation 1, person 1 is a carrier, but 2 would not have to be a carrier.
b)
In generation III, both 1 and 2 have to be carriers.
c)
In generation II, 1, 3, and 4 have to be carriers.
d)
In generation IV, 2,3 and 4 must be carriers.
130.
The double line connecting 4 and 5 in the last generation means ___________.
a)
they were married twice
b)
they are married cousins
c)
they are twins
d)
they are divorced

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