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Therapeutic exercise: Gait

Total questions: 92

Worksheet time: 2hrs 32mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

60% of the gait cycle is:

a)

intial swing

b)

deceleration

c)

midswing

d)

stance

2.

A Trendelenburg gait with a weak left GM would:

a)

have a drop in the left pelvis

b)

have a drop in the right pelvis

c)

have weak quad control on the right

d)

need a cane on the left

3.

The phase of an antalgic gait that is shortened is:

a)

stance phase

b)

swing phase

c)

acceleration

d)

deceleration

4.

Vertical displacement of the gait cycle will commonly be:

a)

5 in

b)

0.5 inch

c)

2 inch

d)

.25 inch

5.

Trendelenburg gait is associated with weakness of:

a)

hamstrings

b)

quadriceps

c)

glute med

d)

iliopsoas

6.

Normal gait requires this much dorsiflexion

a)

10 degrees

b)

20 degrees

c)

0 degrees

d)

45 degrees

7.

Normal gait requires this much hip flexion

a)

10 degrees

b)

20 degrees

c)

25 degrees

d)

45 degrees

8.

A vaulting gait from prosthetic use is from:

a)

pain in prosthetic during stance phase

b)

prosthetic limb to long during stance phase

c)

pain in prosthetic limb during stance phase

d)

prosthetic limb to long during swing phase

9.

A glute max gait is identified by trunk lean to the:

a)

anterior

b)

posterior

c)

lateral

10.

A glute max gait is identified by trunk lean to the:

a)

posterior

b)

anterior

c)

lateral

d)

rotation

11.

Weakness of concentric control of the dorsiflexors is noted with this gait:

a)

foot slap

b)

high steppage

c)

circumduction

d)

vaulting

12.

a gait with unsteadiness, wide base of support, and exaggerated movement

a)

ataxic

b)

parkinsonian

c)

scissor

d)

festinating

13.

The correct pelvic rotation in normal gait is:

a)

20 degrees forward swing leg, 10 degrees backward stance leg

b)

30 degrees forward swing leg, 15 degrees backward stance leg

c)

8 degrees forward swing leg, 4 degrees backward stance leg

d)

14 degrees forward swing leg, 7 degree backward stance leg

14.

RLA terminology for when the foot is flat on the ground and the body is about to move over the weight bearing limb

a)

initial contact

b)

pre-swing

c)

loading response

d)

terminal stance

15.

If the dorsiflexors were weak, this part of gait would be MOST difficult

a)

deceleration

b)

pre-swing

c)

mid-stance

d)

acceleration

16.

The name of one foot making initial contact to the other foot doing the same in double limb support is:

a)

gait cycle

b)

step

c)

stride

d)

cadence

17.

The number of steps in one minute

a)

tempo

b)

gait cycle

c)

cadence

d)

stride length

18.

When the leg is behind the body and moves to catch up is known as:

a)

deceleration

b)

mid-stance

c)

acceleration

d)

initial contact

19.

The hamstring is eccentrically contracting during

a)

initial swing

b)

terminal stance

c)

terminal swing

d)

pre-swing

20.

During heel strike, the hip should be:

a)

slightly extended

b)

terminally extended

c)

slightly flexed

d)

terminally flexed

21.

What muscle group is MOST required to perform heel off during normal gait?

a)

dorsiflexors

b)

hip flexors

c)

hip extensors

d)

plantar flexors

22.

Weight acceptance is initiated by

a)

toe off

b)

heel strike

c)

flat foot

d)

mid stance

23.

the phase of stance that proceeds midstance is:

a)

mid swing

b)

heel strike

c)

flat foot

d)

toe off

24.

This is not a part of the stance phase

a)

acceleration

b)

toe off

c)

heel strike

d)

mid stance

25.

The swing phase begins after

a)

heel strike

b)

mid stance

c)

toe off

d)

foot flat

26.

Heel strike as RLA is:

a)

initial contact

b)

mid stance

c)

terminal stance

d)

loading response

27.

Foot flat as RLA is:

a)

initial contact

b)

mid stance

c)

terminal stance

d)

loading response

28.

This represents steps per minute

a)

cadence

b)

stride

c)

acceleration

d)

deceleration

29.

A measure of when the right foot leaves the ground and when it contacts the ground again is:

a)

stride

b)

step

c)

stride length

d)

step width

30.

Vertical displacement of the gait cycle will commonly be:

a)

5 in

b)

0.5 inch

c)

2 inch

d)

.25 inch

31.

A measurement of the right foot leaving the ground to the left foot contact is known as:

a)

stride

b)

step

c)

stride length

d)

step width

32.

The gait pattern that is used with axillary crutches when balance is most critical is

a)

2 pt

b)

3 pt swing through

c)

3 pt swing to

d)

4 pt

33.

A cerebellar injury is commonly associated with what gait pattern?

a)

ataxic

b)

vaulting

c)

circumduction

d)

scissor

34.

Shortened step length is seen with

a)

parkinson gait

b)

vaulting

c)

cirumduction

d)

scissor

35.

Trendelenburg gait involving weakness of the right side will show a drop here during gait

a)

right pelvis

b)

left pelvis

c)

bilateral pelvis

d)

ipsilateral pelvis

36.

Which of the following abnormal gaits is a compensation for weakness of the hip abductors, when patients lean toward the stance leg of the weak abductors in order to minimize the force required of the weak muscles to prevent downward movement of the pelvis?

a)

Lateral trunk bending

b)

Antalgic gait

c)

Contralateral pelvis drop

d)

Anterior trunk lean

37.

Which of the following definitions applies to the term stance phase?

a)

The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is off the ground

b)

Contact on one foot until contact with the other foot

c)

Contact with one foot until contact with the same foot

d)

The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is in contact with the ground

38.

What determines average walking speed? (select all that apply)

a)

Cadence

b)

step width

c)

foot progression

d)

step length

39.

Which action in the ankle during normal gait occurs first?

a)

ankle dorsiflexion

b)

ankle plantar flexion

c)

ankle remains in neutral position

d)

none of the above

40.

During which phase of normal gait does the quadriceps muscle group become activated in preparation to accept weight during stance?

a)

preswing

b)

swing

c)

terminal swing

d)

stance

41.

Which of the following statements is FALSE about abnormal gaits?

a)

They increase energy expenditure.

b)

They negatively affect functional independence

c)

they decrease safety

d)

They contribute to different gait abnormalities

e)

none of the above

42.

For a patient with an injured left leg using four-point crutch walking, which movement is made first?

a)

left crutch, right foot, right crutch, left foot

b)

right crutch, left foot, left crutch, right foot

c)

left foot, left crutch, right crutch, right foot

d)

right crutch, right foot, left crutch, left foot

43.

Which of the following is correct about stride?

a)

length ranges 2 to 3 meters in healthy individuals

b)

men have longer strides than women

c)

It is contact of one foot until contact with the other foot

d)

all of the above

44.

Which of the following abnormal gaits is characterized by a gait pattern accompanied by pain when the person leans the trunk toward (hip pain) or away (knee or ankle pain) from the side of painful lower extremity during the stance phase?

a)

lateral trunk bending

b)

antalgic gait

c)

contralateral pelvis drop

d)

anterior trunk lean

45.

Which weight-bearing status would be used for a person who is unable to support any weight on the affected limb?

a)

Partial weight bearing (PWB)

b)

Touch down weight bearing (TDWB)

c)

Toe touch weight bearing (TTWB)

d)

No weight bearing (NWB)

46.

What happens to a person s center of gravity during normal gait?

a)

it stays at the same point throughout normal gait

b)

it moves up and down and side to side with normal gait

c)

It moves up and down with normal gait

d)

it moves side to side with normal gait

47.

Which of the following abnormal gaits is described as an indication of decreased ankle range of motion, with heel rise very shortly after contralateral toe off? It can be a compensatory mechanism for the swing leg or due to decreased leg dorsiflexion range of motion and appears as a bouncy appearance.*

a)

excessive ankle plantar flexion

b)

antalgic gait

c)

excessive ankle dorsiflexion

d)

increased knee flexion

48.

At ground contact, what position is the knee in?

a)

it is flexed

b)

it is in full extension

c)

it is slightly extended

d)

none of the above

49.

In the foot, which joint is instrumental to a stable gait?

a)

Ankle

b)

first metatarsophalangeal joint

c)

both of these

d)

none of the above

50.

Which of the following abnormal gaits is characterized by a person who advances the swing leg in a lateral semicircular pattern rather than in a straight plane?

a)

increased knee flexion

b)

hip circumduction

c)

antalgic gait

d)

excessive ankle plantar flexion

51.

What is the maximum amount of hip flexion during normal gait?

a)

10°

b)

20°

c)

25°

d)

50°

52.

Which of the following terms is described as an abnormal gait seen in the stance phase when the trunk lean is often a compensation for quadriceps weakness. It is commonly seen in poliomyelitis patients.

a)

lateral trunk bending

b)

antalgic gait

c)

contralateral pelvis drop

d)

anterior trunk lean

53.

When is the gluteus maximus active during normal gait?

a)

the first 20% of the gait cycle

b)

the first 30% of the gait cycle

c)

for the half of the gait cycle

d)

for 80% of the gait cycle

54.

When is the gluteus maximus active during normal gait?

a)

the portion of the gait cycle where the foot is off the ground

b)

contact on one foot until contact with the other foot

c)

contact with one foot until contact with the same foot

d)

the portion of the gait cycle where the foot is in contact with the ground

55.

Which of the following abnormal gaits is characterized by excessive downward movement of the pelvis by the swing leg? It occurs as a consequence of a musculoskeletal impairment such as hip abductor weakness or a neuromuscular disease affecting the gluteus medius recruitment.

a)

lateral trunk bending

b)

antalgic gait

c)

contralateral pelvis drop

d)

anterior trunk lean

56.

________________ is the activity that between the time one foot touches the floor and the time the same foot touches the floor again

a)

gait cycle

b)

stride length

c)

cadence

d)

step

57.

________________ occurs after weight acceptance, the body weight shifts completely onto the stance leg so that the opposite leg swings forward

a)

single leg support

b)

double leg supprot

c)

non-support

d)

none of these

58.

______________ is when both feet are in contact with the ground at the same time

a)

double leg support

b)

single leg support

c)

non-support

d)

none of the above

59.

________________ is a time during which neither foot is in contact with the ground—does not occur during walking

a)

non-support

b)

double support

c)

single leg support

d)

none of these

60.

Heel strike, foot flat, midstance, toe off, acceleration, midswing, deceleration are all apart of this terminology:

a)

traditional terminology

b)

ranchos los amigos

61.

initial contact, loading response, midstance, terminal stance, preswing, initial swing, midswing, terminal swing are all apart of this terminology:

a)

traditional terminology

b)

ranchos los amigos terminology

62.

________________ can be represented if you held a piece of chalk against the blackboard and walked the board’s length, you would see that the line drawn bobs up and down in wavelike fashion

a)

vertical displacement

b)

horizontal displacement

63.

______________ represents the distance the body’s center of gravity must shift horizontally onto one foot so that the other foot can swing forward

a)

horizontal displacement

b)

vertical displacement

64.

_______________ is when you walk, you do not place your feet one step in front of the other but slightly apart.

a)

width of walking base

b)

cadence

c)

stance

d)

none of these

65.

These are the hip and knee extensors and the trunk and neck extensors:

a)

antigravity muscles

b)

gravity dependent muscles

c)

assistive muscles

d)

none of these

66.

This sway is the result of constant displacement and correction of the center of gravity within the base of support:

a)

postural sway

b)

antigravity dependence

c)

base sway

d)

none of these

67.

heel strike, foot flat, midstance, heel-off, and toe-off all belong in this phase:

a)

stance phase

b)

swing phase

68.

what 2 phases of gait make up the push-off phase of gait?

a)

heel-off

b)

toe-off

c)

preswing

d)

terminal stance

69.

acceleration, midswing, deceleration all belong to this phase:

a)

swing phase

b)

stance phase

70.

What does this picture show? (select all that apply)

a)

heel strike (traditional term)

b)

initial contact (RLA term)

c)

heel-off (traditional term)

d)

terminal stance (RLA term)

e)

Toe strike (traditional term)

71.

What does this picture show? (select all that apply)

a)

foot flat (traditional term)

b)

loading response (RLA term)

c)

midstance (RLA term)

d)

toe-off (traditional term)

e)

heel strike (traditional term)

72.

What does this picture show?

a)

midstance (traditional term and RLA)

b)

terminal stance (RLA term)

c)

heel off (traditional term)

d)

toe-off (traditional term)

73.

What does this picture show? (select all that apply)

a)

Heel-off (traditional term)

b)

Terminal stance (RLA term)

c)

Toe-off (traditional term)

d)

Preswing (RLA term)

e)

Midstance (RLA and traditional term)

74.

What does this picture show? (select all that apply)

a)

Midstance (RLA and traditional term)

b)

Terminal stance (RLA term)

c)

Toe-off (traditional term)

d)

Preswing (RLA term)

e)

Foot flat (traditional term)

75.

Compensation for ________________ is a quick shift of the trunk posteriorly at initial contact.

a)

glute max

b)

glute med

c)

quadriceps

d)

hamstrings

76.

Compensation of the ________________ is a quick shift over the weak side.

a)

glute med

b)

glute max

c)

hamstrings

d)

triceps surae

77.

Compensation of the ____________________ is a quick shift of the trunk anteriorly over the knee joint

a)

quadriceps

b)

hamstrings

c)

glute med

d)

glute max

78.

The ___________________ is uncompensated and it causes fast extension of the knee during deceleration.

a)

hamstrings

b)

quadriceps

c)

triceps surae

d)

glute max

79.

The ________________ is uncompensated and it causes a steppage gait. (It involves equinus and foot slap)

a)

ankle dorsiflexors

b)

triceps surae

c)

hamstrings

d)

quadriceps

80.

The _______________ is uncompensated and it consists of no heel rise or toe off.

a)

triceps surae

b)

hamstrings

c)

ankle dorsiflexors

d)

quadriceps

81.

A ________________ involves the trunk leaning forward on stance phase.

a)

hip flexor contracture

b)

knee flexor contracture

c)

fused hip

d)

knee fusion/ankle fusion/ triceps surae contracture

82.

A ________________ involves excessive dorsiflexion during midstance and shortened step length.

a)

knee flexor contracture

b)

hip flexor contracture

c)

fused hip

d)

knee fusion/ankle fusion/ triceps surae contracture

83.

A ____________ involves increased lumbar spine and pelvic motions.

a)

fused hip

b)

knee fusion/ankle fusion/ triceps surae contracture

c)

knee flexor contracture

d)

hip flexor contracture

84.

____________________________________ involves vaulting or circumduction

a)

knee fusion/ankle fusion/ triceps surae contracture

b)

fused hip

c)

knee flexor contracture

d)

hip flexor contracture

85.

Define a hemiplegic gait:

a)

paralysis and spasticity requires circular motion to advance leg during swing phase

b)

poor balance, jerky exaggerated movements, wide base of support (cerebellum)

c)

short step length, excessive hip flexion, knee flexion and tremoring with anterior trunk lean.

d)

excessive adduction and lateral body shifting

86.

Define ataxic gait:

a)

excessive adduction and lateral body shifting

b)

short step length, excessive hip flexion, knee flexion and tremoring with anterior trunk lean.

c)

poor balance, jerky exaggerated movements, wide base of support (cerebellum)

d)

increased lumbar lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt, excessive hip flexion, adduction, medial rotation, excessive knee flexion

87.

Define parkinonian/festinating gait:

a)

increased lumbar lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt, excessive hip flexion, adduction, medial rotation, excessive knee flexion

b)

excessive adduction and lateral body shifting

c)

short step length, excessive hip flexion, knee flexion and tremoring with anterior trunk lean.

d)

poor balance, jerky exaggerated movements, wide base of support (cerebellum)

88.

Define scissor gait:

a)

excessive adduction and lateral body shifting

b)

increased lumbar lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt, excessive hip flexion, adduction, medial rotation, excessive knee flexion

c)

short step length, excessive hip flexion, knee flexion and tremoring with anterior trunk lean.

d)

poor balance, jerky exaggerated movements, wide base of support (cerebellum

89.

Define crouching:

a)

poor balance, jerky exaggerated movements, wide base of support (cerebellum)

b)

short step length, excessive hip flexion, knee flexion and tremoring with anterior trunk lean

c)

excessive adduction and lateral body shifting

d)

increased lumbar lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt, excessive hip flexion, adduction, medial rotation, excessive knee flexion

90.

Pre-swing, initial swing, mid swing, and terminal swing all are a part of this phase of the ranchos los amigos:

a)

swing phase

b)

stance phase

91.

Initial contact, loading response, mid-stance, and terminal stance are all in this phase of ranchos los amigos:

a)

stance phase

b)

swing phase

92.

Pain in gait can cause all of the following except?

a)

limp- accelerates stance phase

b)

ataxic gait

c)

antalgic gait -if its true

d)

fast gait

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