Drugs that are not approved for medical use and have high

abuse potentials: heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD),

Drugs that are used medically have high abuse potential:

opioid analgesics (eg, codeine, hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone), central

nervous system (CNS) stimulants (eg, cocaine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate), and barbiturate

sedative-hypnotics (amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital).

Drugs that are used medically have high abuse potential:

opioid analgesics (eg, codeine, hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone), central

nervous system (CNS) stimulants (eg, cocaine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate), and barbiturate

sedative-hypnotics (amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital).

Drugs with less potential for abuse than those in Schedules I

and II, but abuse may lead to psychological or physical

dependence: androgens and anabolic steroids, some CNS

stimulants (eg, benzphetamine), and mixtures containing small

amounts of controlled substances (eg, codeine, barbiturates

not listed in other schedules).  Steroids – for muscle mass; harms the immune system

Drugs with some potential for abuse: benzodiazepines (eg, diazepam, lorazepam, temazepam), other sedative-hypnotics

(eg, phenobarbital, chloral hydrate), and some prescription

appetite suppressants (eg, mazindol, phentermine).

is related to the chemical or official name and

is independent of the manufacturer

is designated and patented by the

manufacturer.

is the exact molecular formula of the

drug; usually a long, very difficult name to pronounce and

of a little concern to the health care worker.

Pharmakon means?

ology comes from logos which means?

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention of disease

and treatment of suffering

Application of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention and treatment of suffering

Study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs; study of drugs mechanism of action.

How medicine changes the body (alters the cell physiology) - such

changes require that the drug interact with specific molecules and

chemicals normally found in the body

Study of drug movement throughout the body (how the body

handles the medication)

Involves absorption (small intestine), distribution, metabolism

(biotransformation), and excretion

Study of drugs derived from herbal and other natural sources.

Study of drugs derived from herbal and other natural sources.

Study of poisons and poisoning.

this is where absorption of drugs happen

also known as metabolism

also known as movement or motion

also known as change

different sources of drugs except

Are those that have on their labels the prescription legend and can be prescribed by the physicians, dentists, veterinarians, or another legally authorized health practitioner as part of their specific practice

ambroxol is a labeled as this kind of drug

paracetamol is a labeled as this kind of drug

these kinds of drugs may be legally acquired by the patient without the prescription order

also known as over-the-counter drugs

these kind of drugs must fulfill the FDA requirements to be approved

this kind of drug is a new type of drug a manufacturer wants to market

this kind of drug is a new type of drug a manufacturer wants to market

Are drugs that have been discovered but are not financially

viable and therefore have not been “adopted” by any drug

company.

are those which are used and/or

distributed illegally.

a.k.a "Street Drugs"

Adequate studies on pregnant women have NOT

demonstrated a risk in the fetus in the first trimester of

pregnancy and there is no evidence of risk in later

trimester.

Animal studies have NOT demonstrated a risk for the fetus but there are no adequate studies on pregnant women or animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate studies on pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus during the first trimester, and there is no evidence of risk in the third trimester

the fetus is safe in this category but the mother's safety is uncertain

Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus but there are no adequate studies in humans, the benefits from the use of the drug in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the potential risks, or there are no animal reproduction studies and no adequate studies in humans.

There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits

from the use of the drug in pregnant women may be

acceptable despite its potential risks.

Teratogenic are in this category

Legally, consumers have _ routes of access to

therapeutic drugs.

one route is by ____

is responsible for assuring that new drugs are safe and effective before approving the drugs and allowing them to be marketed.

the testing process for drugs is usually tested on?

what kind of animal is usually used for drug testing?

in this phase, a few doses are given to a few healthy

volunteers to determine safe dosages, routes of

administration, absorption, metabolism, excretion, and

toxicity.

a few doses are given to a few subjects with the disease or symptom for which the drug is being studied, and responses are compared with those of healthy subjects

this phase focuses more on the general term

this phase focuses more on the specific term

the drug is given to a larger and more representative group of subjects.

after a drug is approved for marketing, it enters a phase of continual evaluation.

may or may not have a termination date, may be carried out indefinitely

In some agencies, it may automatically be canceled after a specific number of days and must be reordered

Carried out for one time only or to be given once at a specified time

Indicates that the medication is to be given immediately and only once

are used in emergency situations like cardiac arrest

Carried out as the patient requires

permits the nurse to give a medication when in the nurse’s judgment, the client requires it.

also known as the “Dangerous Drug Act of 1972”

eradicates the use of prohibited drugs and controls the use of narcotic and regulated drugs.

also known as the “Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002”

reveals some provisions of R.A.6425.

also known as the “Generics Act of 1988”

promotes, requires, and ensures the production of adequate supply, distribution, use, and acceptance of drugs and medicines identified by their generic names

also known as the “Special Law on Counterfeit Drugs”

prohibits counterfeit drugs and provides penalties for violations

The reasons for administering a medication or performing a treatment

A factor that prevents the use of a medication or treatment

(eg. Allergies)

The amount of a drug to be administered at one time

How a drug works

the primary effects intended; desired effect.

secondary effect; unintended;

more severe than side effects; undesirable

immunologic reaction to a drug; skin test first

severe allergic reaction w/c usually occurs immediately following drug administration; the widespread release of histamine

decreased physiologic response to the repeated administration of a drug or chemically related substance; plateau

increasing response to the repeated doses of a drug that occurs when the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion.

unexpected response to the drug, either over response, under response, different response than expected, unpredictable or unexplained responses; changing responses to different people

Inappropriate intake of a substance

illegal use; for you to be “high”

illegal use; for you to be “high”

you feel the urge to satisfy your

physical and physiological needs

person’s reliance or a need to take a drug or substance

Occurs when the administration of one drug before, at the same time as, or after another drug alters the effect of one or both drugs; 20 minutes interval of drug intake

A drug that is more potent will produce a therapeutic effect at a lower dose, compared with another drug in the same class.

The magnitude of maximal response that can be produced from a particular drug

the time after administration when the body initially responds

to the drug

the highest plasma level achieved by a single dose when the elimination rate of a drug equals the absorption rate

a maintained concentration of a drug in the plasma during a series of scheduled doses

the length of time the drug produces its therapeutic effect