At base a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned methods of argumentation.

Also called empirical method, is a process of determining truth or knowledge through experimentation, inductive and deductive reasoning, and hypothesis or theory testing.

The process of gathering evidence, examining them, and formulating ideas about the past to come up with present truths.

An argument that is intended by the arguer to be strong enough that, if the premises were to be true, then it would be unlikely that the conclusion is false.

An argument in which the arguer is maintaining that the premises show that the conclusion is necessarily true.

An argument in which the premises converge together and that the absence of one cannot affect the conclusion.

An argument that take away a logical assumption, explanation, inference, conclusion, hypothesis, or best guess from an observation or set of observations. Because the conclusion is merely a best guess, the conclusion that is drawn may or may not be true.

Fallacies can be either strong arguments or relevant points that is factual and has a sound basis.

A premise is an assertion or proposition which forms the basis for a work or theory