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Genetics and Heredity

Total questions: 74

Worksheet time: 1hrs 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What about the dog in the picture is an inherited trait?

a)

The dog has a scar on its nose.

b)

The dog is paying attention.

c)

The dog is sitting.

d)

The dog has curved ears.

2.
Heterozygous is when...
a)
the alleles are the same
b)
the alleles are different
c)
the alleles are absent
d)
the alleles are present
3.
Homozygous is when...
a)
the alleles are the same
b)
the alleles are different
c)
the alleles are absent
d)
the alleles are present
4.
In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.
a)
recessive
b)
dominant
c)
lower case letter
d)
both 
5.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
6.
In the punnett square shown, what must the genotype of the missing parent be?
a)
BB
b)
Bb
c)
bb
d)
Tt
7.
This image shows a...
a)
Punnett Square
b)
Phenotype
c)
Genotype
d)
Dominant allele
8.
What genotype is missing from this Punnett Square?
a)
RrYy
b)
RRYY
c)
rryy
d)
RrYY
9.
What is the probability of heterozygous offspring?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
0%
d)
100%
10.
What allele combination should go in the missing box?
a)
AA
b)
Aa
c)
aa
d)
none of these
11.

If A = red fur and a = white fur, what are the PHENOTYPIC ratios of the offspring based on the Punnett Square?

a)

25% heterozygous

b)

50% purple

c)

75% red fur and 25% white fur

d)

25% homozygous recessive, 50% heterozygous, 25% homozygous dominant

12.

If A = green pods and a = yellow pods, what are the PHENOTYPIC RATIOS of the offspring of a cross between two homozygous recessive parents? (Hint: Make a Punnet Square)

a)

100% green pods

b)

100% yellow pods

c)

100% heterozygous

d)

100% homozygous dominant

13.
What is a phenotype?
a)
The expression of a trait; physical appearance.
b)
refers to the genetic makeup of an individual
c)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (ex. TT or tt)
d)
the passing of traits from parent to offspring
14.

The study of ____________ is called genetics

a)

heredity

b)

dominance

c)

pea plants

d)

mutations

15.
A characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring
a)
inherited trait
b)
chromosome
c)
pedigree
d)
DNA
16.
One of the threadlike structures in the nucleus of a cell that contain directions for the cell's activities
a)
variation
b)
pedigree
c)
DNA
d)
chromosome
17.
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a long, complex molecule that controls heredity
a)
inherited trait
b)
chromosome
c)
DNA
d)
pedigree
18.

A mutation is harmful to an organism if it

a)

changes the phenotype of an organism

b)

changes the DNA segment

c)

reduces the organism's chance of survival

d)

makes the organism better able to avoid predators

19.

In a Punnett square, a lower case letter stands for a ____________ allele.

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

c)

homozygous

d)

heterozygous

20.

Which is most likely a learned characteristic of the lion?

a)

running fast

b)

sharp claws

c)

ability to hunt

d)

running fast

21.
In recent years "SuperBugs" (bacteria that aren't effected by antibiotics) are becoming more and more common. How could natural selection explain this?
a)
Superbugs survive antibiotics and reproduce
b)
Antibiotics cause bacteria to become superbugs
c)
We have always had the same amount of superbugs; modern media just discusses them more.
d)
There is no reliable data on the origin of super bugs.
22.
Why do peppered moths tend to be the same color as the trees on which they live?
a)
The coloring goes along with tasting like the tree. 
b)
It keeps the moth the same temperature as the tree. 
c)
It makes the moths faster than the birds
d)
It makes the moths harder to see.
23.
Humans have been a very successful species on earth.  They have very large, very diverse populations spread all around the world. As a result,
a)
Human have very limited ability to adapt to changes in the environment.
b)
Young humans have lower survival rates as compared to other species.
c)
Humans have a potential to adapt to various environmental changes.
d)
All humans are more disease resistant.
24.
Darwin studied which of these species on Galapagos?
a)
Pigeons and tortoises
b)
Tortoises and finches
c)
Finches and Pigeons
d)
Zebras and Mockingbirds
25.
Which of the following is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring?
a)
individual
b)
population
c)
species
d)
fossil
26.
What is it called when better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to their offspring.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artifical Selection
27.
"Survival of the Fittest" describes which theory
a)
a) natural selection
b)
b) gravity
c)
c) heredity
d)
d) string theory
28.
When every organism of a given species has died
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Homeostasis
c)
Extinction
d)
Selective Breeding
29.

Which of the following is an example of natural selection?

a)

Bald Eagles are hunted until near extinction, population recovers.

b)

Small group of iguanas floats to an island, starts a new population.

c)

Red fox pups are more likely to survive in a snowy environment if they are born white.

d)

Farmer chooses seeds from largest apples to plant next year. This results in larger apples from year to year.

30.
One day a group of scientists collected a small group of brown anole lizards from a large group of the lizards.  Then they placed this small group of lizards on an island that had no brown anole lizards on it.  What is this an example of?
a)
Bottleneck Effect
b)
Hardy Effect
c)
Founder Effect
d)
None of These
31.
What is going to be the genotype that is missing?
a)
AABb
b)
AABB
c)
AAbb
d)
aaBB
32.
 Cell created at the end of meiosis are best known as
a)
somatic cells
b)
gamete cells
c)
skin cells
d)
diploid cells
33.
What is being depicted in this picture?
a)
sexual reproduction
b)
anaphase I of meiosis
c)
crossing-over
d)
replication
34.
Sex cells are produced through the process of
a)
mitosis
b)
cytokinesis
c)
binary fission
d)
meiosis
35.
A virus killed most of the seals in the North Sea (e.g. dropped the population from 8000 to 800).  In an effort to help preserve the species, scientists caught 20 of the remaining seals and used them to start a new population in the northwest Pacific Ocean.  Which of the following statements would accurately describe the new   population?  
a)
The new seal population is genetically less diverse than the original population 
b)
The new seal population is genetically more diverse than the original population
c)
There is equal genetic variety compared  to the original population 
d)
None of the answers
36.
Which of the following is an example of the bottle neck effect?
a)
Bald Eagles are hunted until near extinction, population recovers.
b)
Small group of iguanas floats to an island, starts a new population.
c)
Red fox pups are more likely to survive in a snowy environment if they are born white.
d)
Farmer chooses seeds from largest apples to plant next year.  This results in larger apples from year to year.
37.
A change in the genetic composition of a population as a result of descending from a small number of colonizing individuals is called:
a)
founder effect
b)
bottleneck
c)
genetic drift
d)
gene flow
38.

the differences in characteristics between organisms

a)

phenotype

b)

vestigial structure

c)

mutation

d)

variation

39.

genetic makeup of an organism; an organism's combination of alleles

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

c)

traits

40.

According to modern evolution theory, which factor favors speciation?

a)

asexual reproduction

b)

geographic isolation

c)

gene pool stability

d)

use and disuse

41.

Two squirrel populations are prevented from mating only because they live on opposite sides of the Colorado River. This situation is an example of

a)

reproductive isolation

b)

geographic isolation

c)

adaptive radiation

d)

natural selection

42.

Distinct species of birds on two separate islands have similar characteristics that indicate common ancestry. The differences that have evolved to make these species distinct have resulted in

a)

the inheritance of acquired traits

b)

frequent interbreeding

c)

the elimination of variations

d)

reproductive isolation

43.

A drastic reduction in the size of a population that can change allele frequencies is called

a)

the bottleneck effect

b)

the founder effect

c)

the gene flow effect

d)

the Thanos effect

44.

Which is NOT an assumption of Hardy-Weinberg?

a)

natural selection

b)

large populations

c)

no mutations

d)

no migration

e)

random mating

45.

If all 5 Hardy-Weinberg assumptions are true, a population is said to be in genetic equilibrium. This means

a)

it is evolving

b)

it is not evolving

46.

An allele combination (BB, Bb, or bb) is called a

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

c)

mutation

d)

gene flow

47.

Dog breeding is an example of

a)

natural selection

b)

genetic drift

c)

speciation

d)

artificial selection

48.

A deletion mutation occurs when

a)

a base pair is missing from the DNA strand

b)

a base pair is added to the DNA strand

c)

a base pair is replaced with a different base pair

49.

Darwin's Finches became separate species due to

a)

Geographic isolation

b)

Temporal Isolation

c)

Behavioral Isolation

d)

Postzygotic Isolation

50.
What type of selection is this?
a)
Directional Selection
b)
Stabilizing Selection
c)
Disruptive Selection
d)
Natural Selection
51.
When has speciation occurred?
a)
When populations no longer look the same
b)
When populations no longer have the same frequency of alleles
c)
When populations are living in different environments
d)
When populations can no longer interbreed
52.
On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?
a)
Frog
b)
Hare
c)
Caiman
d)
Parrot
53.
According to this cladogram, birds are LEAST related to -
a)
Amphibians
b)
Sharks
c)
Ray Finned Fish
d)
Crocodiles
54.
A phenotype is the...
a)
letter combination
b)
dominant gene
c)
recessive gene
d)
physical appearance
55.
Tt is-
a)
homozygous dominant
b)
homozygous recessive
c)
heterozygous
d)
none of these
56.
Which of the following genotypes is homozygous recessive?
a)
RR
b)
Rr
c)
rr
d)
None of the Above
57.
Brown (B) is dominant over white (b). Which genotype is a purebred for brown fur?
a)
BB
b)
Bb
c)
bb
d)
All of the above
58.

What number is the common ancestor of C and D

a)

1

b)

2

c)

4

59.
The physical appearance of an organism based on traits
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Meiosis
d)
Genetics
60.

What is an adaptation?

a)

A feature that helps only a plant grow.

b)

A feature that helps a living thing survive.

c)

A feature that helps a living thing walk.

d)

A feature that that helps only animals survive.

61.

The kittens in a litter may be black, white, black and white, or calico in colour. This is an example of __________ in the population.

a)

an adaptation

b)

variation

c)

a mutation

d)

selective pressure

62.

Some species of mosquito can quickly adapt because the form of the gene they possess may provide a selected advantage to some individuals. This is an example of _________, which is a change in the genetic material of an organism.

a)

an adaptation

b)

variation

c)

a mutation

d)

selective pressure

63.
How does the overuse of antibiotics lead to resistance?
a)
Antibiotics select for existing resistant bacteria
b)
Antibiotics are food for bacteria and causes them to reproduce rapidly
c)
Antibiotics cause bacteria to become immune instantly
d)
Antibiotics have never been overused
64.
Which of the following defines fitness?
a)
Thin and lean
b)
Bulky and muscular
c)
Athletic
d)
Able to adapt
65.
Embryos, fossils, and DNA all support the theory that 
a)
Animals share common ancestor
b)
Animals are not related 
c)
Evolution is made up
d)
The weakest survive
66.
Sharks and dolphins are unrelated species but look similar because they live in the same environment.  What is this called?
a)
Coevolution
b)
Convergent evolution
c)
Divergent evolution
d)
Adaptive radiation
67.
Some flowers and their pollinators evolve together.  What is this called?
a)
Coevolution
b)
Convergent evolution
c)
Divergent evolution
d)
Adaptive radiation
68.
Human arms and bat wings share the same embryonic tissue but perform separate functions because they are
a)
Analogous structures
b)
Homologous structures
c)
Various structures
d)
Vestigial structures
69.
An amino acid sequences that codes for proteins came from which biochemical macromolecule?
a)
Lipids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Protein
d)
DNA
70.
If a trait shows up more commonly in men than women it is probably
a)
not inherited
b)
on the x chromosome and dominant
c)
on the x chromosome and recessive
d)
on a normal body chromosome
71.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a female who is a carrier for hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHXH
d)
XhY
72.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a male with hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHY
d)
XhY
73.
Which of the following genotypes belongs in the red box in the Punnett square?
a)
XBXb
b)
XbXb
c)
XbY
d)
XBY
74.
Vitamin D resistant rickets (deformed bone formation) is a sex-linked DOMINANT trait.  According to the Punnett square, what percentage of female offspring will have the disorder?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%

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