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WorksheetsL3: Infection and Response
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 2hrs 21mins
What does communicable disease mean?
A disease that can be spread from one person to another.
A disease that cannot be treated with antibiotics.
A disease that is not spread from animals to humans.
A disease that is passed on through genes.
What is a pathogen?
A small group of viruses
The name given to colds and flu's
A microorganism that causes disease
The different types of pathogens are _________________ .
germs, bugs, insects, fleas
bacteria, fungi, virus, protists
bacteria, bacterium, virus, virium
vermin, bugs, fungi, protists
Which best compares a virus to a bacterium?
A virus is a large, living particle, and a bacterium is a large, living cell.
A virus is a tiny, nonliving particle, and a bacterium is a large, living cell.
Bacteria and viruses can reproduce quickly inside the body and make people feel ill. Bacteria and viruses make us feel ill because they produce _______________ .
antitoxins
toxins
antibodies
Pathogens can be spread by
direct contact
air
water
telepathy
The spread of disease can be prevented by
simple hygiene measure
destroying vectors
isolation of infected individuals
vaccination
Which type of pathogen causes Measles?
Bacterium
Fungus
Protist
Virus
How is measles often transmitted?
Through the air
Via dirty water
Via uncooked food
HIV/AIDS is what type of pathogen?
A virus
A fungus
A bacterium
People can pay for their child to be vaccinated against chickenpox.
The vaccination stimulates the production of antibodies.
Which part of the blood produces antibodies?
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Chickenpox is a disease. Many children get chickenpox. Most children recover quickly with no serious long term effects. Chickenpox cannot be treated with antibiotics.
What type of pathogen causes chickenpox?
bacteria
virus
A viral disease found in humans?
Rose black spot
Tobacco mosaic virus
AIDS
Malaria
A viral disease found in plants?
Rose black spot
Tobacco mosaic virus
AIDS
Malaria
A bacterial disease spread by contaminated food?
Malaria
Salmonella
Measles
Gonorrhoea
In which foods is Salmonella more likely to be found?
Meat, eggs and poultry
Vegetable and fruit
Seeds and nuts
What is used to treat salmonella?
Antibiotics
Painkillers
Chemotherapy
A woman becomes ill and has the following symptoms:
• pain when urinating
• thick yellow discharge from vagina.
Which communicable disease
does the woman have?
Gonorrhoea
HIV
Measles
Salmonella
Which type of pathogen causes Gonorrhoea?
Bacterium
Fungus
Protist
Virus
Which fungus plant disease is this?
Rose Black Spot
Chlorosis
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Damping Off
In which way does cold spread?
Drinking contaminated water
Animals that draw blood
Droplets in the air when people cough or sneeze
Eating food that is contaminated
Breathing air polluted with carbon dioxide
Which hair-like structures in the airways prevent the entrance of pathogens to the lungs?
Cilia
Mitochondria
Flagella
Plasmids
Which acid is found in the stomach and helps to kill pathogens that have been ingested?
Hydrochloric acid
Sulphuric acid
Nitric acid
White blood cells help to defend the body against pathogens.
How do the white blood cells do this?
(Select THREE answers)
Clone pathogens
Engulf pathogens
Produce antibiotics
Produce antibodies
Produce antitoxins
Antibiotics are medicines that kill _____________________ .
bacteria
bacteria and viruses
viruses
What is an antigen?
A chemical produced by the white blood cells
A chemical on the surface of the pathogen
A mircobe that causes a disease
What is in a vaccine?
small amounts of dead pathogens
large amounts of live pathogens
large amounts of dead pathogens
The vaccine stimulates the white blood cells to produce ___________________ which destroy the virus.
antibiotics
antibodies
drugs
Vaccines protect us against diseases.
Against which three diseases does the MMR vaccine protect us?
Rubella
Measles
Meningitis
Mumps
Rabies
Polio is a disease caused by a virus.
In the UK, children are given polio vaccine to protect them against the disease.
It is difficult to kill the polio virus inside the body because the virus
lives inside cells
is not affected by drugs
produces antitoxins
Polio is a disease caused by a virus.
In the UK, children are given polio vaccine to protect them against the disease.
The vaccine contains an ______________
form of the polio virus.
active
infective
inactive
If more people were vaccinated the number of children getting chickenpox would decrease.
What are TWO possible reasons for this decrease?
Drugs to treat chickenpox are no longer effective
Children are less likely to come into contact with someone with the disease
More people will have the correct antibodies
People may catch the disease from the vaccination
People may have a weakened immune system
What is true of white blood cells in a second exposure to infection?
They are produced more rapidly and in greater numbers
They are produced more slowly but in greater numbers
They are produced more rapidly but in lower numbers
What is a painkiller?
A drug that kills bacteria
A drug that causes hallucinations
a drug or a medicine for relieving pain.
A drug only prescribed for adults
What is an antibiotic?
A drug that kills bacteria
A drug that causes hallucinations
a drug or a medicine for relieving pain.
A drug only prescribed for adults
Why it is difficult to develop drugs that kill viruses?
because drugs that kill viruses also damage the body’s tissues.
because viruses mutate quickly
because viruses are small
because viruses cannot reproduce by themselves
Overuse of antibiotics might speed up the development of _________________ strains of ____________________ .
resistant; bacteria
resistant; antibody
immune; antibody
immune; viruses
New strains of pathogens have developed which are resistant to antibiotics.
New strains are produced when pathogens _____________________ .
are short of food
mutate
invade body cells
Why is it bad to stop taking your antibiotic before the doctor recommends?
not all of the bacteria is killed, possibly leading to resistance
you will weaken your immune system
you'll get MRSA
you'll gain weight
What is meant by dose?
Side effects making the person ill
The concentration of the drug to be used and how often the drug should be given
Whether the drug works to treat the illness
What is meant by toxicity?
Side effects making the person ill
The concentration of the drug to be used and how often the drug should be given
Whether the drug works to treat the illness
What is meant by efficacy?
Side effects making the person ill
The concentration of the drug to be used and how often the drug should be given
Whether the drug works to treat the illness
Which types of testing is pre-clinical testing?
Testing on cells only
Testing on human volunteers
Testing on mammals only
Testing on cells, tissues or animals
Which types of testing is clinical testing?
Testing on cells only
Testing on human volunteers
Testing on mammals only
Testing on cells, tissues or animals
Why are only low doses of a new drug given to human volunteers in the first clinical trial?
To check for any harmful side effects
To work out what the ideal dose should be
Tests on animals
What is the purpose of this stage in trialling a new drug?
Used to find if the drug is toxic
The first stage in the clinical trials of the drug
Used to find the optimum dose of the drug
Used to prove that the drug is effective on humans
Tests on humans using very small quantities of the drug.
What is the purpose of this stage in trialling a new drug?
Used to find if the drug is toxic
The first stage in the clinical trials of the drug
Used to find the optimum dose of the drug
Used to prove that the drug is effective on humans
What is meant by a placebo?
Tablet that does not contain drug
Drug that does not affect body
Tablet that does contain drug
Tests on humans including a placebo
What is the purpose of this stage in trialling a new drug?
Used to find if the drug is toxic
The first stage in the clinical trials of the drug
Used to find the optimum dose of the drug
Used to prove that the drug is effective on humans
What is the placebo effect?
Something that affects the neurological pathways causing people to do nonsensical things.
When someone believes a medication works but the medication was not medicated.
A dangerous experiment that can harm the person that is experimented.
A disease that effects the brain, worse than meningitis
Doctors have developed a new drug.
The new drug has been tested on live animals.
What is the next stage in testing the new drug?
Testing on healthy volunteers
Testing on animal tissues in a laboratory
Testing on patients with the disease
Testing on the whole human population
During the testing, who knows which patients are receiving the placebo?
Only the patients
Only the doctors
Both patients and doctors
Neither patients nor doctors
Which of the following are know lifestyle risk factors for various cancers?
Tick all that apply.
smoking
UV Exposure
obesity
