Which of the following processes is reductive?

Which of the following processes is oxidative?

Which of the following describes the synthesis of large molecules from smaller precursors (amino acids, sugars, nitrogenous bases, etc.)?

Which of the following describes the process of breaking down large, complex molecules (proteins, DNA, etc.) into smaller ones?

Which of the following characterizes catabolic processes?

Which of the following describes various intermediates created during metabolic processes?

Reactions that form or break C-C bonds often involve:

The most common reactions in biochemistry include:

Which is the mechanism for biochemical isomerization?

What is another term for group transfer?

Isomerization of Glucose 6-Phosphate is performed by which enzyme:

Isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate forms:

Which of the following is an important leaving group in many biochemical reactions?

When delta G is negative, Keq is:

When delta G is zero, Keq is:

When delta G is positive, Keq is:

"Normal conditions" in biochemistry are (check all that apply):

Cells change the concentration of reagents to influence delta G

A linear increase in delta G will cause a linear change in Keq

The free energy change for ATP hydrolysis is _____ and _____

Phosphocreatine is found in:

ATP provides energy for reaction by:

Which ion shields negative charges in ATP and ADP?

Why does ATP "like" to lose its terminal phosphate?

Which type of enzyme is responsible for transfer of phosphate groups from one molecule to another?

ATP is versatile because it can donate phosphoryl, pyrophosphate, or adenylyl groups

The energy for DNA or RNA polymerization comes from:

Creatine kinase is an enzyme that can:

ATP^4- + H₂O ---> ADP^3- + P_i^2- + H⁺

Phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) + H₂O ---> pyruvate + P_i^2-

1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate + H₂O ---> 3-Phosphoglycerate + P_i^2- + H⁺

Phosphocreatine + H₂O ---> creatine + P_i^2-

Acetyl-CoA + H₂O ---> Acetate+ CoASH + H⁺

Low energy compounds donate phosphate groups to higher energy compounds

Reduction is:

Oxidation is:

Hydrogenation = reduction

Hydrogenation = Oxidation

Dehydrogenation = reduction

Dehydrogenation = oxidation

A common scheme of oxidation in biochemical pathways is dehydrogenation --> hydration --> dehydrogenation

Oxidation and reduction are independent of each other

E'° denotes:

A more positive E'° indicates:

A more negative E'º indicates:

The unit of E'° is measured in:

When ΔG is < 0, ΔE must be:

Pellagra (rough skin) causes dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. It is a condition caused by:

When ATP is very low in muscle cells, ATP can be generated from Phosphocreatine and ADP

Which of the following reactions are transphosphorylations?

We can use any higher energy phosphogen than the one that we want to make because the ΔG for that reaction will be negative

Which of these is the highest energy phosphogen?

Phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) is _________ compared to 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

ATP is ________ compared to Phosphocreatine

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate is ________ compared to ATP

Which of the following is most oxidized?

Which of the following is most reduced?

Which type of enzyme catalyzes redox reactions?

NAD+ and FAD are:

Electrons can be transferred in which of the following forms?

Which type of enzyme uses NAD+ and FAD cofactors?

NADH + H⁺ + FMN ---> NAD⁺ + FMNH₂

NADH + H⁺ + FMN ---> NAD⁺ + FMNH₂

For NAD+/NADH, E° = -0.32

For FMN/FMNH₂, E° = -0.22

ΔG is:

Oxygen's standard reduction potential (Eº) is _______ making it a _______

Nicotinamide is biosynthesized from

Ariboflavinosis is characterized by angular cheilitis, itchy eyes, light sensitivity, dermatitis, and anemia. It is caused by:

Riboflavin is found in nuts, cereal, milk, eggs, lean meat, and green leafy vegetables. It is also known as: