Chewing (Crushing or grinding food by teeth)

Secretion and mixing of saliva with food

The act of swallowing; passing materials from the mouth through the esophagus to the stomach

The action of bringing swallowed food up again to the mouth

A rounded mass ready to swallow

The name given to the material consisting of food, saliva, and gastric secretion

The act of expelling from the large intestine via the rectum or cloaca (AKA: Pooping)

The act of urinating

Plant eating animals

Flesh eating animals

Plant and flesh eating animals

A simple digestive system containing a single-chambered stomach or "non-ruminant" and is the type found in swine, dogs, and cats

Contains one large stomach divided into four compartments. These animals include cattle, sheep, goats, deer, and buffalos

Found in animals that eat large amounts of roughages but do not have stomachs with several compartments. Animals include horses, camels, alpacas, rabbits, guinea pigs, and hamsters.

Type of digestive system found in poultry. Digestion occurs quickly through this digestive tract.

What are the 3 main sections of the small intestines?

What are the 3 main sections of the large intestines?

What are the 4 compartments of a ruminant's stomach?

Monogastric animals have no upper incisors. Instead they have something called a dental pad on the roof of their mouth.

The rumen contracts how many times a minute?

Rumen contractions aid in what 2 things?

There is no wall separating what 2 chambers in the ruminant digestive tract?

The ____________ serves as a staging area for passage into the omasum or regurgitation

Out of the 4 digestive systems we have studied, which one is most similar to the ruminant digestive system, but does not have the four-chambered stomach?

Besides eating feed, poultry will also consume _____________ to aid in the grinding of harder feed particles in the gizzard.

Uric acid is mixed with feces and passes out of the _______. It also serves as the point where eggs pass out of the bird body.

Secretes acids and enzymes that are mixed with the feed to start the digestive process in the avian tract.

Tubular organ that connects the mouth to the stomach

The exit point of the digestive tract

Where fecal matter (poop) is stored

Has very strong muscular walls which normally contains stones and grit that grinds the food in an avian digestive system.

Feed is stored and moistened here in an avian digestive tract

Lined with villi to increase absorption of nutrients

Main function is for water absorption, secretion of mineral elements, storage of indigestible feeds, and bacterial fermentation

This is where fiber is digested and converted into energy and heat

Used primarily to grind feed with teeth and mix with saliva

Third compartment of a ruminant’s stomach and its primary function is to absorb water

Is lined with a honeycomb structure and is considered an extension of the rumen

“True stomach,” is the site of digestion in ruminant animals

Saclike, muscular organ that stores ingested food and moves it into the small intestines

Largest section of the stomach for ruminant animals and the first compartment that food enters

Why is the study of nutrition important?

Study the metabolism of the animals, and they are most interested in the biochemical mechanisms of nutrient metabolism

Study the metabolism of the animals, but are more interested in maximal, cost-effective feeding of animals in a production setting

Specialize in animals that have a rumen such as sheep, goats, and beef/dairy cattle

Specialize on one-stomached animals such as poultry, swine, horses, dogs, cats, fish, rats, mice, monkeys, and some zoo animals

The study of how the body uses nutrients in feed to sustain life and for productive purposes

The substances required for life processes.

Nutrients are used in the body metabolism to maintain the body for what 3 things?

An ingredient used in animal feed

What is the primary use of Carbohydrates?

What are the 6 nutrient classifications? Check mark 3 boxes.

How is water NOT used by the body?

What 3 things do farmers need to keep in mind when choosing how much protein to feed an animal?

Tend to be involved in regulating body functions such as vision, blood clotting, tissue maintenance, and growth such as bone development

Tend to be used more for body metabolic regulation

Used to determine if animals will eat a feedstuff and how they will perform on it

Used to discover the degree to which a feedstuff is digested and absorbed by the animal by examining the feces

More advanced trial that include measures of such things as urine, feces, and hair loss

Maintaining the body at a constant weight and temperature

The output of products such as eggs, milk, and wool

Inorganic constituents of bones and teeth and an important part of the body’s enzyme systems

Organic compounds needed by the body in very small amounts.

A type of feedstuff that contains more than 18% crude fiber when dry

Plants that can “fix” nitrogen from the air so that it can be used by plants and are higher in protein.

Plants that CANNOT “fix” nitrogen from the air and are lower in protein.

Feedstuffs that contain less than 18 percent crude fiber when dry

Feed concentrates are mostly used in what kinds of animal ration?

Contain 20 percent or more protein

Contain less than 20 percent crude protein

Define Withdrawal Period:

Which in NOT an example of feed additives?

The less processing the feed goes through, the more it will cost.

Which in NOT a benefit to pelleted feed?

What is the most common example for protein feed supplements?

What is the most common energy feed grain in the United States?