WorksheetsBio Final Exam Review Fall 2020
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 3hrs 20mins
1. The most important function of carbohydrates is to provide energy for the cell.
True
False
Water is a nonpolar molecule.
True
False
Acids produce H+ ions in solution.
True
False
A monomer is a large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical compounds linked by covalent bonds.
True
False
A protein is a hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oil, and waxes are examples.
True
False
When placed in the same container, oil and water do not mix because
they are both polar.
water is polar and oil is nonpolar.
they are both nonpolar.
water is nonpolar and oil is polar.
A molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side is called a(n)
nonpolar molecule.
polar molecule.
charged molecule.
ion.
Which of the following molecules are classified as carbohydrates?
amino acids
fats
nucleotides
sugars
Polysaccharides are
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
Which of the following molecules are the building blocks of lipids?
amino acids
fatty acids
nucleotides
sugars
Which of the following molecules are the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
monosaccharides
nucleotides
sugars
The two types of nucleic acids are
RNA and ATP.
DNA and RNA.
DNA and ATP.
nucleotides and ATP.
Which of the following is a function of lipids?
enable movement
hereditary information
water barrier
speed up chemical reactions
Which of the following is an example of a function of a protein?
provide energy
store energy
water barrier
move materials across the membrane
A diagram of an organic molecule is pictured above. Which element is found at the positions marked by the black circles?
carbon
nitrogen
phosphorus
sulfur
Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin?
a group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring
a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule
a set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol
a sequence of nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone
Which of the following lists of elements contains the most common elements in organic compounds?
calcium, iron, and potassium
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
chlorine, phosphorus, and sodium
copper, magnesium, and sulfur
The type of molecule pictured above can be combined in order to form
DNA.
starch.
protein.
saturated fat.
Which of the following categories of organic molecules is correctly paired with one of its functions?
nucleic acids--digest dead cells
lipids--give quick energy to cells
carbohydrates--store genetic information
proteins--provide structure in skin, hair, and nails
One category of organic compounds contains molecules composed of long hydrocarbon chains. The hydrocarbon chains may be saturated or unsaturated. Which of the following categories of organic compounds contains these compounds?
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
amino acids
fatty acids
nucleotides
polysaccharides
Which of the following is the main reason that humans need to include carbohydrates in their diet?
Carbohydrates are broken down in cells for energy.
Carbohydrates combine to form many different proteins.
Carbohydrates act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
Carbohydrates are the building blocks for cell growth and repair.
Which of the following best describes the composition of a nucleotide?
A pair of six-carbon rings attached to each other
A carbon n atom joined to hydrogen and
three functional groups
A chain of carbon atoms with a carboxyl
group bonded to one end
A five-carbon sugar attached to a
phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water-permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule?
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic acid
Protein
Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water-permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule?
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic acid
Protein
Without enzymes, chemical reactions necessary for life would not occur quickly or easily enough to sustain life.
True
False
When an enzyme binds with its substrate, the activation energy needed for the chemical reaction to occur is increased.
True
False
Light energy is trapped and converted into chemical energy during cellular respiration.
True
False
The reactants for photosynthesis are the same as the products for cellular respiration.
True
False
Anaerobic respiration produces less ATP than aerobic respiration.
True
False
Which of the following is the name for the region where a reaction takes place on an enzyme?
product
substrate
active site
activation energy
Refer to the illustration above. The graph depicts the relative energy levels of the products and reactants for the following chemical reaction: A + B --> C + D
Which curve represents the reaction that occurred in the presence of an enzyme?
straight line ______
dashed line ---------
Both straight and dashed lines
Neither straight or dashed lines
What happens when a phosphate group is broken off from ATP?
mechanical energy is produced
energy is released
new energy is created
energy is absorbed by chlorophyll
Infer why chloroplasts are found mostly in the leaves of plants.
The large surface area of leaves allows for maximum light absorption.
The waxy coating on the surface of leaves helps prevent evaporation.
Chlorophyll interferes with the water transport in the stems and trunks of plants.
The large surface area of leaves allows for contact with oxygen.
As a result of strenuous exercise, muscles build up an excess of ____________________.
citric acid
lactic acid
oxygen
carbon monoxide
Most of the energy used by life on Earth comes from the _____.
sun
rotation of Earth.
moon.
weather.
Because of photosynthesis, _____________________.
the atmosphere is rich in oxygen gas.
animals can get energy directly from the sun.
plants produce carbon dioxide.
water is constantly being produced.
The process of cellular respiration ______________.
is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis.
breaks down glucose molecules to release energy.
occurs before plants are able to continue photosynthesis.
occurs only in animals.
Cells produce ATP most efficiently in the presence of ______.
water.
carbon dioxide.
oxygen.
amylase.
C6H12O6 is _____.
carbon dioxide
sucrose
starch
glucose
The energy produced by cellular respiration is in the form of _____.
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
glucose
ATP
Photosynthesis requires _____ energy.
light
ATP
chemical
thermal
Which of the following is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
C6H12O6 + 6H2O + energy --> 6CO2 + 12O2
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + energy
A(n) _____ is capable of producing its own food.
autotroph
heterotroph
herbivore
carnivore
Photosynthesis releases _____ because _____.
water, it is released when glucose is broken down
oxygen, it is released as a byproduct of the chemical reaction
carbon dioxide, it is released when sunlight is absorbed
oxygen, plants release it for the animals to breathe
What is the name of the molecule pictured above?
glucose
amylase
ATP
carbon dioxide
Refer to images above. Which one is found in animal cells?
A only
B only
both A and B
neither A nor B
Refer to images above. Which one is found in plant cells?
A only
B only
both A and B
neither A nor B
Refer to image A above. This is the organelle where _____ takes place.
protein synthesis
mitosis
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
Refer to image B above. This is a _______________________.
ribosome
chloroplast
mitochondrion
nucleus
Robert Hooke first observed cells by looking at a thin slice of cork under a microscope
True
False
All cells have a cell wall that surrounds them.
True
False
The cells of animals are prokaryotic.
True
False
Lysosomes contain specific enzymes that break down large molecules, such as food particles.
True
False
Ribosomes are the sites of ATP production in animals.
True
False
Which of the following is a form of passive transport?
Na+/K+ pump
endocytosis
exocytosis
osmosis
When you go to the hospital and get an IV, it contains saline solution. What would happen if you received IV fluid that was even saltier than normal saline solution?
your blood cells would shrivel up because they have more dissolved particles than the salty IV fluid
your blood cells would swell and burst because they have more dissolved particles than the salty IV fluid
your blood cells would shrivel up because the salty IV fluid has more dissolved particles than your blood cells
your blood cells would swell and burst because the salty IV fluid has more dissolved particles than your blood cells
Which of the following processes requires energy?
diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
sodium-potassium pump
The function of structure a is to:
identify the cell
receive signals from outside the cell
catalyze chemical reactions
keep the membrane fluid
The _____ of phospholipids are polar, while the _____ of phospholipids are nonpolar.
phosphate heads; carbohydrate chains
fatty acid tails; phosphate heads
protein heads; fatty acid tails
phosphate heads; fatty acid tails
Facilitated diffusion is a type of
active transport
passive transport
endocytosis
exocytosis
The cell membrane is often described as semipermeable. What does this mean?
all molecules smaller than a certain size can pass through
all molecules that do not have a charge can pass through
small, nonpolar molecules can pass through but other molecules cannot
all molecules, regardless of size or charge, are able to pass through
Which of these types of cells would likely have the GREATEST amount of sugar production and why?
A fat cell in the abdominal area, because there are many vacuoles full of stored food.
A muscle cell, because there are many active mitochondria.
A cell in a leaf, because there are many chloroplasts.
A gland cell, because there are many endoplasmic reticulum.
A cell with numerous ribosomes is probably specialized for _______________.
enzyme storage.
energy production
cell division.
protein synthesis.
Which of the following organelles is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Nucleus
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
ER
Which diagram (A, B, or C) represents what your red blood cells would look like if you receive an IV of normal saline solution?
A
B
C
none of these
Which diagram (A, B, or C) shows a red blood cell in a isotonic solution?
A
B
C
none of these
In images, A, B, and C above, a red blood cell is shown in three different types of solutions. Water molecules are represented by small dots and solute particles are represented by larger circles. Arrows indicate direction of water movement.
Which diagram (A, B, or C) shows a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution?
A
B
C
none of these
In images, A, B, and C above, a red blood cell is shown in three different types of solutions. Water molecules are represented by small dots and solute particles are represented by larger circles. Arrows indicate direction of water movement.
Which diagram (A, B, or C) shows a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution?
A
B
C
none of these
In the image above, label C is pointing to the cell _____ and label D is pointing to the cell _____.
wall; cytoskeleton
cytoskeleton; membrane
wall; membrane
membrane; wall
What is the name of the organelle labeled with the letter “G” in the image above?
chloroplast
mitochondrion
ribosome
Golgi apparatus
What is the name of the organelle labeled with the letter “L” in the image above?
nucleus
nucleolus
vacuole
lysosome
What is the name of the organelle labeled with the letter “H” in the image above?
Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
vesicle
All the following are found in both plant and animal cells, except ____________________.
a cell wall.
a cell membrane.
mitochondria.
endoplasmic reticulum.
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 3 is a(n) ______________.
mitochondrion.
endoplasmic reticulum.
ribosome.
vesicle.
It has been discovered that the genetic material is protein
True
False
The five-carbon sugar in DNA nucleotides is called ribose.
True
False
Helicases unwind the double helix of DNA by breaking the nitrogen bonds that link the base pairs.
True
False
During transcription, the information on a DNA molecule is “rewritten” into an mRNA molecule.
True
False
When a tRNA anticodon binds to an mRNA codon, the amino acid detaches from the tRNA molecule and bonds to the end of a growing protein chain.
True
False
The _______________ makes up a majority of the structure of the ribosome
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
______________ stores all of the genetic information of a cell
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
_____________ is produced as a result of transcription.
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
__________ is carried by a molecule of tRNA.
amino acid
protein
DNA
mRNA
_________________ has a group of three bases called an anticodon.
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Which of the following statements describes the process of DNA replication most accurately?
A newly replicated strand of DNA contains two newly synthesized strands held together by hydrogen bonds.
A strand of DNA is unwound by helicase and complementary nucleotides are added by DNA polymerase.
As DNA is replicated, RNA polymerase adds the correct complementary RNA nucleotide base.
After the DNA is unwound by helicase, nucleotides are matched with identical nucleotides so that both strands of the DNA molecule have the same sequence of bases.
New nucleotides are added to a strand of mRNA with the help of which of the following enzymes?
ribonuclease
RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
helicase
A portion of a DNA sequence has the sequence GTA CGG TGC ATT. Exposure to a harmful chemical causes the sequence to mutate to GTA CGG AGC ATT.
This is an example of a(n) _____ mutation.
insertion
deletion
substitution
chromosomal
A portion of a DNA sequence has the sequence GTA CGG TGC ATT. Exposure to a harmful chemical causes the sequence to mutate to GTA CGG AGC ATT.
What would happen to the protein produced by the mutated sequence?
The protein would form exactly as normal.
The protein would form with one incorrect amino acid, which would NOT affect its function.
The protein would form with one incorrect amino acid, which WOULD probably affect its function.
The protein would form with many incorrect amino acids and probably be nonfunctional.
What is the purpose of molecule C in the image above?
add complementary bases to the ribosome
make a copy of an entire strand of DNA to pass down to future cells
attach the correct amino acid to tRNA
carry the instructions for making protein from the nucleus to the ribosome
An anticodon would be located on which molecule pictured in the image above?
A
B
C
D
E
What is the function of the gray structure labeled “E” in the image above?
it is unwinding the strand of DNA
it is replicating the mRNA
it is matching mRNA anticodons with tRNA codons
it is reading the mRNA strand and producing a protein
In the image above, transcription is shown by ________.
number 1
number 2
letter B
letter D
What is the name of the organelle marked “E” in the image above?
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
ribosome
vesicle
What is the name of the molecule marked “C” in the image above?
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
protein
What is the name of process 2 in the image above?
DNA replication
translation
transcription
mutation
What are the building blocks of proteins?
nucleotides
amino acids
phospholipids
monosaccharides
In which organelle does translation occur?
smooth ER
ribosome
nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following bases pairs with uracil?
adenine
guanine
cytosine
thymine
What does the process of transcription produce?
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
DNA
