Font size
WorksheetsREVIEW SET BIOLOGY
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
Which statement describes a feedback mechanism involving the human pancreas?
The production of estrogen stimulates the formation of gametes for sexual reproduction.
The level of oxygen in the blood is related to heart rate.
The level of sugar in the blood is affected by the amount of insulin in the blood.
The production of urine allows for excretion of cell waste.
Which of these is not an endocrine property?
hormones reach targets through the blood
effects are slow and cyclic
rapid acting effects
effects caused by chemicals.
Which of these is not an endocrine gland?
Pancreas.
Salivary gland.
Testes.
Parathyroid.
The primary target of the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus is the:
Liver and adipose tissue
Gonads
Anterior pituitary
Bone marrow
Which of these hormones is made by the posterior pituitary?
FSH
ACTH
LH
ADH
Which gland controls body’s metabolic rate?
Thyroid.
Parathyroid.
Testes.
Pancreas.
How do hormones from the thyroid and parathyroid regulate the calcium concentration of the blood?
Calcitonin lowers blood calcium; parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium.
Parathyroid hormone lowers blood calcium; calcitonin raises blood calcium.
Thyroxine and triiodothyronine together regulate calcium levels, as needs dictate.
Both parathroid hormone and the three thyroid hormones function to regulate blood calcium levels.Y
Which of the following hormones are responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Insulin and glucagon
Estrogen and progesterone.
Thyroxin and melatonin.
The pituitary hormone that stimulates the male testes to produce sperm and stimulates the development of the follicle in the female on a monthly cycle is:
growth hormone
prolactin
luteinizing hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone
Most hormones of the endocrine system are regulated by a:
Negative feedback mechanism.
Positive feedback mechanism.
Hormone-receptor complex.
Hormone-gene complex.
The pancreas produces one hormone that lowers blood sugar level and another that increases blood sugar level. The interaction of these two hormones most directly helps humans to
maintain a balanced internal environment
digest needed substances for other body organs
dispose of wastes formed in other body organs
increase the rate of cellular communication
The posterior pituitary stores and releases:
Growth hormone and prolactin.
Prolactin and oxytocin.
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
ADH and growth hormone.
During which cycle day of a typical 28-day menstrual cycle does the follicular phase occur?
Cycle days 7-14
Cycle days 1-6
Cycle days 1-13
Cycle days 14-28
Which of the following is the main role of LH in the menstrual cycle?
Breaking down the wall of the follicle to allow for release of the ovum
Maintaining the corpus luteum
Thickening the endometrium layer for implantation
Thinning of the endometrium
During which stage of the uterine cycle does the endometrium layer starts thickening?
Follicular Phase
Proliferative Phase
Ovulation Phase
Luteal Phase
During sexual intercourse, millions of sperms are introduced into the vagina. If the ovum is to be fertilized, where is the most common site of fertilization?
Vagina
Cervix
Uterine wall
Fallopian tube
In what stage does the corpus luteum form?
Luteal Phase
Proliferative Phase
Follicular Phase
Menstrual phase
On a regular 28-day cycle, what cycle day does the luteal phase occur?
Cycle days 15-28
Cycle day 14
Cycle days 5-13
Cycle days 7-14
During the menstrual phase the layer of the endometrium is shed due to:
increased level of LH
decreased level of FSH
decreased levels of progesterone and estrogen
increased level of estrogen and progesterone
The main hormone responsible for the main event during the follicular phase is the
Progesterone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Human chorionic gonadotropin
If the egg cell in the fallopian tube is not fertilized, the corpus luteum will disintegrate and turn into ____
Corpus Albicans
Corpus Cavernosum
Corpus Callosum
Corpus Spongiosum
The epididymis is a _____ and it functions to _____.
compartment inside a testis; secrete testosterone and form sperm
stage of spermatogenesis; form two sperm cells and semen
tightly coiled tube on the outside of the testis; store mature sperm
compartment that contains prostaglandins; ejaculate sperm and semen out of the penis
Which of the following structures are unpaired?
prostate gland
vas deferens
bulbourethral gland
seminal vesicle
The function of sugar or carbohydrate units in semen is to
provide an energy source for ATP production by sperm
promote coagulation of semen in the female reproductive tract
buffer acids in the female reproductive tract
inhibit the growth of bacteria in semen and the female reproductive tract
The hormone oxytocin aids the birth process by stimulating
fetal muscular movements
uterine wall contractions
an increase in progesterone secretion
an increase in estrogen secretion
During the menstrual cycle, LH is at its highest levels
a. during the menstrual phase
a. during ovulation phase
a. on days 17-20
a. just before menstruation begins
During the menstrual cycle, progesterone would be at its highest levels
prior to ovulation
after ovulation during luteal phase
a day after menstrual phase
during the menstrual phase
During the menstrual cycle, progesterone is produced by
the corpus luteum
the fallopian tubes
the follicles of the ovary
the fertilized eggs in the fallopian tube
The main function of progesterone during the menstrual cycle is to
initiate ovulation
thicken the endometrium
repair the surface of the ovary after ovulation
initiate menstruation
Matured sperm cells are stored in which part of the male reproductive system?
Scrotum
Testes
Bladder
Epididymis
In which phase in the Menstrual cycle the development of the egg cell fall into?
Ovulation phase
Follicular phase
Luteal phase
Menstrual phase
This is the only phase in the Menstrual cycle when a woman can get pregnant once a sperm is present inside the reproductive system
Follicular phase
Ovulation phase
Menstrual phase
Luteal phase
Which of the following is the female organ for copulation and the passage for menstrual flow and childbirth?
Vagina
Seminal Vesicle
Cervix
Ovary
Which of the following organ and its function is INCORRECTLY matched?
Cervix: site of implantation
Ovary: produces egg cells
Vagina: passage way menstruation and childbirth
Oviduct: site of fertilization
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the entire duration of the menstrual cycle?
Menstrual Phase, Follicular Phase, Ovulation Phase, Luteal Phase
Luteal Phase, Ovulation Phase, Follicular Phase, Menstrual Phase
Follicular Phase, Menstrual Phase, Ovulation Phase, Luteal Phase
Menstrual Phase, Ovulation Phase, Luteal Phase, Follicular Phase
Which of the followings shows the correct pathway of sperm?
Testis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, epididymis, urethra
Testis, vas deferens, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Testis, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Testis, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, ejaculatory duct
Childbirth is usually aided by a positive feedback. Which of the following statements is FALSE during childbirth?
Increased pressure on the cervix stimulates the brain to release the hormone oxytocin
As the uterus contracts, the brain stops producing oxytocin
When labor begins, the baby’s head is pushed downwards and results in increased pressure on the cervix
High level of oxytocin in the blood results to more contraction until the baby is born
Which of the following is the most important function of the male Reproductive System?
Support a developing embryo
Produce sperm and testosterone
Produce LH and FSH
Respond and adapt to all sensory stimulus
Which of the following is NOT an important function of the Female Reproductive System?
Supports the developing embryo
Regulates LH and FSH production
Facilitates fertilization
Produces egg cells
Which of the following statements about the menstrual cycle is TRUE?
It is a combination of negative and positive feedback mechanisms
It is starts at puberty and ends during pregnancy
It is an event which follows strictly 28-days per cycle
It is an event participated by ovarian hormones only
HCG is produced by the system whenever fertilization has succeeded. The role of the human chorionic gonadotropin is to
stimulate the corpus luteum to continuously produce progesterone to support pregnancy
stimulate the corpus luteum to produce more estrogen to support pregnancy
transform the corpus luteum into corpus albicans immediately after ovulation
Thicken the lining of the uterus to provide good environment for a growing fetus
If a woman menstruates in a regular 28-day cycle, what must be currently happening inside her body at cycle days 7-10?
Her endometrium has just started to shed
Her uterine lining is starting to thicken again while her ovaries are developing egg cells
Her ovaries finally released a mature egg cell
Her ovaries through the corpus luteum has started to produce progesterone
Certain hormones usually is at peak level during the ovulation day. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
During ovulation progesterone is at its highest level
During ovulation estrogen is at its highest level
During ovulation LH is at its highest level
During ovulation FSH is at its highest level
The human nervous system is capable of a wide range of functions. What is the basic unit of the nervous system?
Glial cells
meninges
neurons
cerebrospinal fluid
The human nervous system comprises
the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
the central nervous system and the somatic nervous system
the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems
the autonomic and the somatic nervous systems
The autonomic nervous system
enables us to act on the external environment
transmits motor information to the brain
regulates the internal environment
is located within the brain
The corpus callosum is a
source of hypothalamic hormones
neural pathway that connects the right and left hemispheres
part of the neocortex
structure in the cerebellum
The autonomic nervous system is part of the
somatic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following generally acts to conserve energy?
Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS
Somatic NS
Peripheral NS
The term central nervous system refers to the
autonomic and peripheral nervous systems
brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
spinal cord and spinal nerves
brain and cranial nerves
The peripheral nervous system consists of
spinal nerves only
the brain only
the brain and spinal cord
the spinal and cranial nerves
The Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around the
Nodes of Ranvier
Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
A neuron with a cell body located in the CNS whose primary function is connecting other neurons is called a(n)
afferent
efferent
interneuron
glial cell
Afferent nerves are called ______nerves, and motor nerves are called ______nerves
motor ; sensory
sensory ; efferent
peripheral; cranial
cranial; peripheral
Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
hypothalamus
thalamus
Which of the following are the parts of neurons?
brain, spinal cord, and vertebral column
dendrite, axon, and cell body
sensory and motor
cortex, medulla and sheath
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand 5'ATG TGA CAG 3' ?
3' TAC ACT GTC 5'
5' TAC ACT GTC 3'
3' CAT TCA CTG 5'
5' GTA AGT GAC 3'
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
it is a double-helix structure made up of nucleotides
it has uracil, adenine, thymine and guanine
it contains amino acid
it is where proteins are synthesized
A piece of double stranded DNA has 30% Adenine, what will be the % of Guanine?
20
60
30
70
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous base
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
ribose sugar and phosphate
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
covalent bonds
polar bonds
phosphodiester bonds
hydrogen bonds
The following are true to DNA except
it is double-helix in structure
it is found mostly in the nucleus
it is made up of deoxyribose sugar
it contains Uracil, Guanine, Adenine and Cytosine bases
The elongation of the leading strand during DNA replication...
progresses opposite the direction of replication fork
produces Okazaki fragments
occur in 5' - 3' direction
occur in 3' - 5' direction
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for joining the fragments of DNA strands?
DNA Ligase
Gluase
Topoisomerase
DNA Polymerase
When DNA replication starts...
The leading strands develop Okazaki fragments
The bond between the nitrogen base and deoxyribose sugar breaks
The weak hydrogen bonds break
The phosphodiester bonds between the adjacent nucleotides break
In nucleic acids, the nitrogenous base is attached to the _____ carbon of the sugar
1'
2'
3'
4'
Which of the following is a characteristic of purine bases?
They are smaller than pyrimidine bases
They contain nitrogen atoms in their structure
They always pair with pyrimidine bases
They have a single ring structure
What is the role of Chargaff's rules in the discovery of DNA structure?
They established the directionality of DNA replication
They determined the three-dimensional structure of DNA
They demonstrated the base pairing rules of DNA
They discovered the transformation of bacterial cells
What would be the expected consequence if the helicase enzyme fails to function during DNA replication?
Both DNA strands would remain intact, and replication would not occur
The leading strand would be synthesized normally but the lagging strand would not be synthesized
The DNA strands would remain together, and replication would be incomplete
The RNA primers would not be removed, and replication would be stalled
How does the structure of DNA allow it to store genetic information?
By containing a large variety of sugar
By being a complex polymer of nucleotides
By forming base pairs that can be read as a code
By having a double-stranded helix structure
What is the primary function of DNA replication?
To synthesize proteins
To create a copy of an existing DNA molecule
To produce RNA molecules
To generate new genetic material
What is the process by which genetic information in DNA is used to create a functional protein?
Replication
Translation
Transcription
Transduction
What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
They carry amino acids to the ribosome
They bind to DNA and read the genetic code
They catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids
They help to assemble the mRNA
What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
It brings amino acids to the ribosome
It carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids
It helps to assemble the ribosome
What is the process by which genetic information in DNA is transcribed into mRNA?
Replication
Translation
Transcription
Transduction
What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
It adds nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand
It unwinds the DNA double helix
. It helps to assemble the ribosome
It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids
What is the name for a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid?
Ribosome
Codon
Anticodon
Nucleus
Which of the following correctly describes the order of events in protein synthesis?
DNA → mRNA → tRNA → protein
mRNA → tRNA → DNA → protein
DNA → tRNA → mRNA → protein
DNA → mRNA → protein → tRNA
The process of transcription takes place in the:
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
What is the most important role of the start codon AUG in protein synthesis?
It signals the beginning of the mRNA sequence
It initiates the process of transcription
It codes for the amino acid methionine
It helps to bind the ribosome to the mRNA
Which of the following describes the correct order of events in translation?
Initiation → Elongation → Termination
Termination → Elongation → Initiation
Elongation → Initiation → Termination
Termination → Initiation → Elongation
Which of the following is true of codons and anticodons?
They both consist of a sequence of three nucleotides
They are found on the same strand of DNA
They are involved in the process of transcription
They are not complementary to each other
Which of the following is the role of the promoter region in transcription?
To provide a starting point for DNA replication
To provide a binding site for RNA polymerase
To encode the amino acid sequence of the protein
To stabilize the mRNA transcript
The anticodon on one tRNA which carries Arginine to the site of protein synthesis is UCC. What was the corresponding set of bases in the gene of the DNA molecule which specified placement of the specified arginine at that location?
TCC
UCC
CCT
AGG
Which of the following is NOT a type of point mutation?
Insertion
Deletion
Nondisjunction
Duplication
What is a point mutation?
A mutation that affects the entire chromosome
A mutation that affects a single nucleotide base
A mutation that affects multiple genes
A mutation that affects the ribosome
Which type of gene mutation is most likely to cause a frameshift?
Missense mutation
Nonsense mutation
Insertion or deletion of a nucleotide
Silent mutation
What is a frameshift mutation?
A mutation that affects the entire chromosome
A mutation that affects a single nucleotide base
A mutation that changes the reading frame of the mRNA
A mutation that changes the amino acid sequence of a protein
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of comparative anatomy?
The study of similarities and differences in the structure of different organisms
A branch of biology that helps to understand the evolution of species
Uses fossils to compare the anatomy of extinct and living organisms
Only compares the external physical appearance of different species
What is the purpose of comparative anatomy?
To understand the similarities and differences in the structure of different organisms
To study the external physical appearance of different species
To analyze the DNA of different species
To compare the behavior of different species
What is the difference between homologous structures and analogous structures?
Homologous structures have a similar origin, whereas analogous structures have a different origin.
Homologous structures are found in different species, whereas analogous structures are found in the same species.
Homologous structures have a different origin, whereas analogous structures have a similar origin.
Homologous structures have a similar function, whereas analogous structures have a different function.
Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation?
The long neck of a giraffe
The sharp claws of a lion
The migration patterns of birds
The tough skin of an elephant
What is natural selection?
The process by which organisms adapt to their environment
The process by which random mutations occur in DNA
The process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
The process by which individuals with unfavorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
What is the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability?
Biodiversity has no effect on ecosystem stability
Ecosystem stability increases with decreasing biodiversity
Ecosystem stability decreases with decreasing biodiversity
Ecosystem stability is independent of biodiversity
Which of the following is a threat to biodiversity?
ALL OF THESE
Habitat destruction
Climate change
Pollution
What is the importance of biodiversity to humans?
Biodiversity has no impact on humans
Biodiversity provides food, medicine, and other resources
Biodiversity is important only for aesthetic reasons
Biodiversity is important only for scientific research
What happens to a population that exceeds its carrying capacity?
The population continues to grow indefinitely
The population stabilizes at the carrying capacity
The population experiences a sudden decline
The carrying capacity of the environment increases
Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent factor that can affect carrying capacity?
Earthquakes
Floods
Droughts
Disease outbreaks
What is carrying capacity?
The maximum population size that a habitat can support
The minimum population size needed for a habitat to thrive
The rate at which a population grows
The total number of organisms in a population
What is a population?
A group of individuals of different species that live in the same area
A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
A group of individuals that are genetically identical
A group of individuals that live in different areas
