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Full Year Cumulative Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 8hrs 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A series of steps used by scientists to solve a problem or answer a question. 
a)
scientific method
b)
recipe
c)
data collection
d)
metric system
2.
What is a hypothesis?
a)
an educated guess stating what you believe will be the result of your experiement
b)
a random guess
c)
a statement of the outcome of your experiment
d)
step by step directions for your experiment
3.
A high specific heat means...
a)
It heats up quickly with energy added
b)
It requires more energy to change temperature
4.

The correct order for the organization of living things is

a)

cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism

b)

cell -> atom -> organ system -> organism -> tissue

c)

cell -> atom -> molecule -> organism -> organ system

d)

tissue -> cell -> organism -> organ -> organ system

5.

Which monomers make up the structure of all proteins?

a)

glucose

b)

amino acids

c)

carbohydrates

d)

fatty acids

6.

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

a)

nucleus

b)

nucleotide

c)

nucleoplasm

d)

genes

7.

Which one of our macromolecules would you consume in order to receive long-term energy?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic acids

8.

Which macromolecule has this structure?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic acids

9.

This part of the experiment serves as a basis of comparison; the group that does not receive the independent variable.

a)

constant

b)

control group

c)

experimental group

d)

hypothesis

10.

Which of the following converts food into energy for the cell?

a)

vacuole

b)

mitochondria

c)

cytoplasm

d)

cell membrane

11.
What is the movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration and does not require energy?
a)
osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
active transport
12.
What is the diffusion of water?
a)
osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
active transport
13.
Makes protein for the cell: 
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Cell Membrane
14.
Only eukaryotic cells have....
a)
membrane-bound organelles 
b)
DNA
c)
ribosomes
d)
cell membranes 
15.
What does NOT happen during interphase?
a)
growth
b)
DNA replication 
c)
obtaining nutrients
d)
cell divison
16.
Cells spend the majority of their lives in
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
Synthesis 
d)
Gap 2
17.

After mitosis, the cytoplasm and organelles are divided between the two new forming cells in a process called

a)

centriole

b)

chromatin

c)

cytokinesis

d)

centromere

18.

This process is the programmed death of a cell

a)

stem cell

b)

regulation

c)

apoptosis

d)

cytocide

19.

Letter B...

a)

substrate

b)

active site

c)

enzyme

d)

products

20.

An enzyme speeds up a reaction by

a)

raising the activation energy

b)

lowering the activation energy

c)

releasing energy

d)

absorbing energy.

21.

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?

a)

The shape of the enzyme are changed and it denatures

b)

The enzymes die

c)

The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes

d)

The enzymes remain the same

22.

What is activation energy?

a)

the energy from the sun

b)

the energy produced by an enzyme

c)

the energy needed to get a reaction going

d)

none of these

23.
The chemical energy used for most cellular processes and functions is found in___.
a)
ATP
b)
ADP
c)
carbohydrates
d)
the sun
24.

In the energy pyramid, what is the bottom level composed of?

a)

Producers

b)

First-Level Consumers

c)

Second-Level Consumers

d)

Third-Level Consumers

25.

When energy is passed in an ecosystem from one trophic level to the next, only ___ percent of the energy will be passed on.

a)

1

b)

10

c)

100

d)

50

26.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
27.
the process of making a copy of DNA
a)
transcription
b)
double helix
c)
DNA replication
d)
replication fork
28.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
29.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
30.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
31.

What are the x-shaped objects called inside of the nucleus of a cell?

a)

genes

b)

DNA

c)

chromosomes

d)

cocodrilo peludo que sonríe

32.

How many chromosomes do human cells have?

a)

46

b)

23

c)

2

d)

44

33.
A __________ is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein, which leads to a particular trait.
a)
Gene
b)
Allele
c)
Codon
d)
Nucleotide
34.

Which of the following describes the tertiary structure of a protein?

a)

Polypeptide chain

b)

Pleated sheets or Helices

c)

3D folding

d)

Two or more chains bonded together

35.

How many daughter cells does meiosis produce?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

36.

Which part of meiosis produces diversity in gametes?

a)

DNA replication

b)

Prophase

c)

Crossing-over

d)

Cytokinesis

37.

If an organism has 24 chromosomes in a body cell, how many will each daughter cell have at the end of meiosis?

a)

6

b)

12

c)

23

d)

24

38.

The daughter cells produced by meiosis are also called __________.

a)

somatic cells

b)

stem cells

c)

germ cells

d)

gametes

39.

What kind of cells does meiosis produce?

a)

haploid

b)

diploid

40.

What is another term for body cells?

a)

somatic cells

b)

gamete

c)

stem cell

d)

neural cell

41.

During transcription, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for copying the DNA and brining it out of the nucleus.

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

dRNA

42.
This is the triplet of bases on the end of a tRNA molecule
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
43.
The process where mRNA is read and made into an amino acid chain.
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Transportation
d)
Transient
44.

An organism's genetic makeup

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

c)

heterzygous

d)

allele

45.

An organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

genetics

d)

heterozygous

46.

What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring?

a)

3 AA : 1 aa

b)

1 AA : 3 aa

c)

1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa

d)

2 AA : 2 aa

47.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
48.
What is the probability of homozygous dominant offspring?
a)
0%
b)
100%
c)
50%
d)
25%
49.

Different forms of a gene are called...

a)

genotypes

b)

alleles

c)

hybrids

d)

traits

50.
What goes in box 3
a)
Aabb
b)
AABB
c)
AAbb
d)
aaBb
51.

What goes in box 15

a)

aabb

b)

AABB

c)

aaBB

d)

AAbb

52.

What best describes homologous chromosomes?

a)

All of the DNA in a cell

b)

A section of just one chromosome that codes for a trait

c)

A pair of chromosomes that have the same information

d)

A packet of DNA that is condensed inside the nucleus

53.

Which part of meiosis produces diversity in gametes?

a)

DNA replication

b)

Prophase

c)

Crossing-over

d)

Cytokinesis

54.
The principle shown in the image is called what?
a)
Transcription
b)
The Central Dogma
c)
Translation
d)
The Principle of Proteins
55.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

56.

What are the phenotype percentages of the offspring?

(A-Brown fur color; a-white fur color)

a)

50 % Brown fur and 50% White fur

b)

25 % Brown fur and 75% White fur

c)

75 % Brown fur and 25% White fur

d)

0% Brown fur and 100% White fur

57.

If your genotype is Bb, then you can only pass a B or b separately to your child but you can't pass both. This is known as the ________.

a)

Law of Dominance

b)

Law of Segregation

c)

Law of Independent Assortment

58.

What is the phenotypic ratio for the monohybrid cross between blue and brown eyes?

a)

3:1

b)

2:2

c)

0:2:1

d)

1:2:1

59.

Based on the results in the monohybrid punnett square, what is the genotypic ratio?

a)

1:2:1

b)

0:2:2

c)

0:0:4

d)

none

60.

This image is an example of a ________ cross.

a)

Monohybrid

b)

Dihybrid

c)

Purebred

d)

Heterozygous

61.

On a pedigree, this symbol represents a ---

a)

not affected female.

b)

not affected male.

c)

affected male.

d)

affected female.

62.

On a pedigree, this symbol represents a ----

a)

not affected male.

b)

not affected female.

c)

affected male.

d)

affected female.

63.
Is this trait (the shaded individuals) dominant or recessive?
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
64.

The genotype XaY represents a ________

a)

dominant male

b)

recessive male

c)

dominant female

d)

recessive female

65.
What do we use pedigrees for?
a)
To look at families
b)
To make determinations about the offspring
c)
To track traits in families
d)
Nothing
66.

The trait this pedigree traces is recessive because it skips a generation and individuals can be carriers. What is the most likely genotype for person III-3?

a)

GG

b)

Gg

c)

gg

67.

If this pedigree shows a recessive disorder, what MUST the genotype of individual 4 be?

a)

HH

b)

Hh

c)

hh

68.
There are no carriers for Huntington's Disease- you either have it or you don't. Is Huntington's disease caused by a dominant or recessive trait?
a)
Dominant
b)
Recessive
69.
This pedigree represents the inheritance of hemophilia in this family. How many of the females have the hemophilia trait?
a)
8
b)
5
c)
2
d)
3
70.
Does this pedigree show a dominant or recessive trait?
a)
Dominant
b)
Recessive
71.
Where the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artifical Selection
72.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
73.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
74.

Whales are aquatic mammals that contain a pelvis (hip) bone. Even though it does not aid in its movement, the function must have been used by a common ancestor of the whale. Thus, the pelvis is referred to as a(n)

a)

vestigial structure

b)

analogous structure

c)

homologous structure

75.
Where humans have bred organisms together based on traits we like.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction 
d)
Artificial Selection
76.
Genetic differences between organisms of the same species
a)
Variation
b)
Adaptation
c)
Behavior
d)
Environment
77.
  Notice the similarities of a shark and dolphin.  If these similarities developed by  common life experiences and not by common ancestry, which of the following vocabulary words would best describe them?
a)
a.  Vestigial Organ
b)
  b.  Embryological Similarities
c)
c.  Homologous Structures
d)
d.  Analogous Structures
78.
The changes of species over time
a)
Embryonic 
b)
Natural selection 
c)
Mimicry 
d)
Evolution 
79.

Where do adaptations come from?

a)

The individual organism decides to adapt

b)

Mutations that give an organism an advantage in its environment

c)

Genetic recombination during meiosis

d)

Both mutations and genetic recombination are sources of adaptation

80.

Mutations are important because they bring about

a)

death of the organism in which they develop

b)

genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

c)

benefits for the individual, not for the population

d)

changes in genotype, but not phenotype

81.

Evolution occurring gradually and slowly over long periods of time

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Stasis

c)

Punctuated Equilibrium

d)

Gradualism

82.

Punctuated equilibrium...

a)

Involves bursts of change & periods of stability

b)

Takes place slowly over long periods of time

c)

Involves organisms evolving together

d)

Involves organisms splitting from a common ancestor

83.

Diversification of one ancestral species into many descendent species, usually adapted to a wide range of environments

a)

gradualism

b)

punctuated equilibrium

c)

adaptive radiation

84.

A change in gene frequency over time so more beneficial traits become more common in a population is called

a)

Adaptation

b)

Variation

c)

Overproduction of Offspring

d)

Descent with Modification

85.

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?

a)

The shape of the enzyme are changed and it denatures

b)

The enzymes die

c)

The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes

d)

The enzymes remain the same

86.

How is energy released from ATP?

a)

add a phosphate

b)

remove a phosphate

c)

eat food

d)

break off ribose

87.
Which of the following results in the storage of energy in terms of the ATP/ADP cycle?
a)
The breaking of the bond between the 5-carbon sugar and the 1st phosphate group
b)
The addition of a phosphate group
c)
The removal of a phosphate group
d)
The addition of glucose 
88.

The cell membrane helps to maintain homeostasis by ...

a)

regulating what enters and leaves the cell.

b)

fighting foreign substances that enter the cell.

c)

providing a rigid support system for the cell.

d)

assisting the cell in movement

89.
Most of the cell membrane is made of...
a)

Lipids

b)

Carbohydrates

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic acids

90.

The main difference between passive transport and active transport is ...

a)

passive transport requires energy

b)

active transport moves substances "down" their concentration gradient

c)

active transport requires energy

d)

passive transport moves substances "up" their concentration gradient

91.
Process by which the cell membrane removes material that is too large to pass through the membrane.
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Transport
d)
Respiration
92.

In the cell pictured, which way would water move?

a)

Into the cell, causing the cell to swell

b)

Out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink

c)

In and out of the cell equally, keeping the shape the same

93.

In the cell pictured, where would water move? 

a)

Into the cell, causing it to swell

b)

Out of the cell, causing it to shrink

c)

In and out of the cell equally, causing the shape to stay the same

94.

Which organelle is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells?

a)

nucleus

b)

ribosome

c)

lysosome

d)

chloroplast

95.

True or False: Prokaryotes have a cell membrane.

a)

True

b)

False

96.

The tough outer barrier of some cells, holds the shape and protects the cell

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Cell Wall

c)

Nucleus

d)

Ribosomes

97.

Function of the cytoplasm

a)

The function of the cytoplasm is to maintain the integrity of these genes.

b)

The cytoplasm is help retain waste products.

c)

The cytoplasm it is functions as a micro-machine for making proteins.

d)

The cytoplasm is responsible for holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage.

98.

Species not closely related evolve similar traits due to their similar environment

a)

Convergent evolution

b)

divergent evolution

c)

parallel evolution

99.

Species from the same ancestor accumulate differences over time

a)

convergent evolution

b)

divergent evolution

c)

parallel evolution

100.

Ants are the correct size and weight needed to open the flowers for the peony plant. The peony plant provides food for the ant and the ant fertilizes the peony’s flowers

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Coevolution

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